this presentation tells about how the power is transmitting wireless and how it helps to decrease the losses in power transmission and thus increases efficiency and more important is uses a renewable source of energy(SUN).

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PRESENTED by-NIKHIL GAURAV
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
M.TECH 3rd sem

2. OVERVIEW
 INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
 HISTORY
 TYPES OF WPT
 MICROWAVE vs LASER TRANSMISSION
 WHY MICROWAVES TRANSMISSION
 WORKING OF SPS
 FLOWCHART OF SOLAR POWER TRANSMISSION
 OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM DESIGN
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
• One of the major issues in power system is the losses occurring during
the transmission and distribution of electrical power.
• The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is
approximated as 26%.
• The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is
the resistance of wires used in a grid.
• According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s electricity
grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world–
a whopping(extremely large) 27-40%.
• Tesla has proposed methods of transmission of electricity using
electromagnetic induction.
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4. DEFINITION
• As the word wireless means “without wire”.
• Wireless energy transfer or wireless power is the transmission of
electrical energy from a power source to an electric load without
interconnecting man made conductors.
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5. HISTORY
 Nikola Telsa – Experimented in 1899
• Imagined a global wireless power distribution system
 NASA – in 1958 invented solar panel used for solar power satellite
 William C. Brown – Experimented in 1964
• Established microwave to electricity conversion
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6. Types of WPT
There are mainly three major types of wireless energy transfer:
1. Near Field Technique
a) Inductive coupling
b) Resonant Inductive coupling
c) Air Ionization
2. Far Field Technique
a) Microwave Power Transfer
b) Laser Power Transfer
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7. Microwave vs. Laser Transmission
MICROWAVE LASER
 More developed.
 High efficiency up to
85%.
 Beams is far below the
lethal(deadly) levels of
concentration even for a
prolonged exposure.
 Cause interference with
satellite communication
industry.
 Recently developed solid
state lasers allow efficient
transfer of power.
 Range of 10% to 20%
efficiency within a few
years.
 Conform to limits on eye
and skin damage.
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8. Why Microwave transmission?
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9. Working of SBSP
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10. Flow chart of Solar Power Transmission
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11. Overview of System Design
It consists of :
 Solar Panel.
 Spacetenna ( antenna on satellite ).
 Rectenna ( RECTifyin g anTENNA).
 Orbit selection Systematic view.
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12.  SOLAR PANEL
• Solar panels were first used in space in 1958.
• Set of solar photovoltaic modules electrically connected and mounted
on a supporting structure.
• Photovoltaic module is a packaged , connected assembly of Solar cells.
• Solar panels use photons(light energy) from sun to generate electricity
through photovoltaic effect.
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13.  SPACETENNA:(Antenna on Satellite)
• Spacetenna is a triangular prism with a length of 800 m and sides of
100m.
• The transmitting antenna on the horizontal under surface faces the
earth, and the other two sides of the prism carry solar arrays.
• The faces of prism are embedded with photovoltaic cells .These cells
would convert solar energy into electricity, which in turn power
onboard, Microwave Generator.
• The microwave thus produced travels through atmosphere & collected
by RECTENNAS on earth.
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14. Configuration of Spacetenna
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15.  RECTENNA:(RECTIfying anTENNA)
• A rectenna is a rectifying antenna—a special type of antenna that is
used to convert electromagnetic energy into direct current (DC)
electricity.
• It is a mesh of an array of dipole antennas connected to diodes
converting the radio frequency signal into DC voltage, which is then
converted into regular AC electricity which is wired to homes,
factories etc.
• It can be considered as a base station of Geosynchronous satellite.
• Microwaves of 2.45 GHz frequency is used to transmit power from
satellite to rectenna.
• A simple rectenna can be constructed from a Schottky diode placed
between antenna dipoles as shown in Fig.
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17. 5,000 MW Receiving Station. This Station is
about 1 and a 1/2 mile long in US.
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18.  Orbit Selection Schematic View
•In LEO, a 11,00 Km
altitude equatorial orbit will
be used. This choice
minimizes the transmission
cost and the distance of
power transmission from
space.
•If it was in GEO ( that is
35,800 Km from the earth )
then the transmitting antenna
would have to be 40 times
larger than LEO one- or else
the receiving station would
have to be 40 times larger.
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19. ADVANTAGES OF USING SBSP
 More intense sunlight.
 Unlimited energy resource.
 Energy delivered anywhere in the world.
 Zero fuel cost.
 Zero CO2 emission – environment safe.
 Waste heat is radiated back into space.
 No air or water pollution is created during the generation.
 Concept is simpler than the other most power systems here on the
earth.
 SPS doesn’t use up the valuable surface area on the earth.
 Solar radiation can be more efficiently collected.
 Space gets full power 24 hours a day.
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20. ADVANTAGES OF USING SBSP(cont..)
 No effect of storms.
 Eco- friendly and maintenance free energy resource.
 Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires
are inconvenient, hazardous or impossible.
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21. DISADVANTAGES OF USING SBSP
 Issues identified during DOE study :-
• Complexity – long years to complete.
• Size- 10.4km long by 5.28km wide.
 Transmitting antenna about 2.4km in diameter (1 km).
 Cost – prototype would have cost $74 billion.
 Interference with communication satellites
 Would require a network of 100’s of satellite.
 Heavy Launch cost.
 The large scale of space solar power require international financing.
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22. APPLICATION
• Energy to remote areas
• Can broadcast energy globally (in future).
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23. CONCLUSION
 Transmission without wires- a reality.
 Efficient.
 Low maintenance cost, but high initial cost.
 Better than conventional wired transfer.
 Energy crisis can be decreased.
 Low loss of energy.
 In near future, world will be completely wireless.
 In order for SBSP to become a reality several things have to happen:
• Government support.
• Cheaper launch prices.
• Involvement of the private sector.
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24. REFRENCES
 W.C. Brown, “Experiments Involving a Microwave Beam to Power
and Position a Helicopter”, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace
Electronic Systems. Vol. AES-5, no. 5, pp 692-702.
 Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program
July 1977 - August 1980. DOE/ET-0034, February 1978.
 Tesla, N., “The transmission of electric energy without wires”, The
thirteenth Anniversary.
 Ralph H. Nansen solar power industries “WIRELESS POWER
TRANSMISSION :The key to solar power satellites” IEEE AES
system magazine , January 1996.
 Brown, W. C., “Beamed microwave power transmission and its
application to space”, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol.40.
 Kaya, N., S. Ida, Y. Fujino, and M. Fujita, “Transmitting antenna
system for airship demonstration of Space Energy and Transportation”
IEEE Vol.1. 24

25. REFRENCES(cont..)
 Hatsuda, T., K. Ueno, M. Inoue, “Solar power satellite interference
assessment”, IEEE, Vol. 3, No. 4, Dec. 2002
 Transmission Technology”, IEEE Microwave Magazine, December
2002.
 "Spacebased solar power". ESA–advanced concept team. Retrieved
August 2015.
 "Space Based Solar Power". United States Department of Energy
(DoE). 6 March 2014.
 "Basic Plan for Space Policy" (PDF). June 2, 2009. Retrieved May 21,
2016.
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