CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 13 - Switching - Eric Vanderburg
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This document summarizes key networking concepts for switches including port security, switch forwarding modes, spanning tree protocol (STP), rapid STP (RSTP), VLANs, trunking, VTP, and common switch configuration commands. STP is used to prevent forwarding loops by electing a root bridge and putting ports into blocking states. VLANs segment the network into multiple broadcast domains. Trunking is used to transmit traffic between VLANs on different switches using encapsulation protocols. VTP propagates VLAN configuration changes between switches in the same VTP domain.
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Quick Guide Layer 2 Switching
Layer 2 switching breaks up collision domains by using MAC addresses to forward traffic through switches instead of hubs. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) eliminates switching loops, while switches use ASICs and MAC address lookups to switch frames faster than routers. STP finds redundant links and designates root bridges, root ports, and forwarding ports to build a loop-free topology and transition ports between blocking and forwarding states during convergence.
Overview of Spanning Tree Protocol
This is a little review of spanning tree protocol and it could be used for presenting and introducing this protocol to elementary IT guys.
Spanning Tree Protocol Cheat Sheet
This post presents you the cheat sheet for spanning tree protocol and its configuration commands in cisco.
LiveAction Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Application Note
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a mechanism which provides loop-free paths within a pure layer 2 topology. STP allows for link redundancy by temporarily blocking ports in order to have a single path. Upon the detection of a link, or port failure, STP will re-converge to leverage the other unused port. This prevents broadcast storms and the duplication of packets from floating around in the network endlessly. There are multiple flavors of STP, each with their own features and nuances, which includes: Per VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol Plus (PVST+), Rapid Per VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol Plus (Rapid PVST+), and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP).
With LiveAction 2.6 and greater, users have higher levels of situational awareness and visibility on their switched network infrastructure by providing a topological representation of each Spanning Tree instance, as well as providing alerts on the transitioning port state events. This helps network administrators to act quickly and identify the insertion of rogue and/or misconfigured switches promptly. Similarly, the STP path representation can be used to identify suboptimal layer 2 paths in a switched network. This application note provides instructions on enabling the STP functionality within LiveAction and will cover the aforementioned use case.
2.3.1.5 packet tracer configuring rapid pvst+ answer
This document describes configuring PVST+ spanning tree protocol on a network topology. It involves:
1. Configuring VLANs, trunk ports between switches, and IP addresses for switch management.
2. Optimizing the spanning tree configuration by making one switch the primary root for certain VLANs and another the secondary root to load balance traffic across trunks.
3. Enabling PortFast on end-user ports to quickly forward traffic and BPDU guard to protect against devices connected to those ports influencing the spanning tree.
Protocolo Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to prevent loops from forming on redundant networks. STP uses different port states and timers to logically prevent loops by electing a root bridge and designating root ports on each switch. Rapid PVST+ is an enhancement of STP that provides faster convergence time of less than 6 seconds compared to 50 seconds for STP, while also supporting VLANs to prevent loops between redundant switches in a VLAN.
Spanning tree protocol
This is Basic of STP. By that you can able to understand basics of Spanning Tree.
ALSO THIS SLIDE IS JUST FOR KNOWLEDGE.
Spanning tree protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is standardized as IEEE 802.1D.
Is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network.
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Quick Guide Layer 2 Switching
Layer 2 switching breaks up collision domains by using MAC addresses to forward traffic through switches instead of hubs. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) eliminates switching loops, while switches use ASICs and MAC address lookups to switch frames faster than routers. STP finds redundant links and designates root bridges, root ports, and forwarding ports to build a loop-free topology and transition ports between blocking and forwarding states during convergence.
Overview of Spanning Tree Protocol
This is a little review of spanning tree protocol and it could be used for presenting and introducing this protocol to elementary IT guys.
Spanning Tree Protocol Cheat Sheet
This post presents you the cheat sheet for spanning tree protocol and its configuration commands in cisco.
LiveAction Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Application Note
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a mechanism which provides loop-free paths within a pure layer 2 topology. STP allows for link redundancy by temporarily blocking ports in order to have a single path. Upon the detection of a link, or port failure, STP will re-converge to leverage the other unused port. This prevents broadcast storms and the duplication of packets from floating around in the network endlessly. There are multiple flavors of STP, each with their own features and nuances, which includes: Per VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol Plus (PVST+), Rapid Per VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol Plus (Rapid PVST+), and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP).
With LiveAction 2.6 and greater, users have higher levels of situational awareness and visibility on their switched network infrastructure by providing a topological representation of each Spanning Tree instance, as well as providing alerts on the transitioning port state events. This helps network administrators to act quickly and identify the insertion of rogue and/or misconfigured switches promptly. Similarly, the STP path representation can be used to identify suboptimal layer 2 paths in a switched network. This application note provides instructions on enabling the STP functionality within LiveAction and will cover the aforementioned use case.
2.3.1.5 packet tracer configuring rapid pvst+ answer
This document describes configuring PVST+ spanning tree protocol on a network topology. It involves:
1. Configuring VLANs, trunk ports between switches, and IP addresses for switch management.
2. Optimizing the spanning tree configuration by making one switch the primary root for certain VLANs and another the secondary root to load balance traffic across trunks.
3. Enabling PortFast on end-user ports to quickly forward traffic and BPDU guard to protect against devices connected to those ports influencing the spanning tree.
Protocolo Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to prevent loops from forming on redundant networks. STP uses different port states and timers to logically prevent loops by electing a root bridge and designating root ports on each switch. Rapid PVST+ is an enhancement of STP that provides faster convergence time of less than 6 seconds compared to 50 seconds for STP, while also supporting VLANs to prevent loops between redundant switches in a VLAN.
Spanning tree protocol
This is Basic of STP. By that you can able to understand basics of Spanning Tree.
ALSO THIS SLIDE IS JUST FOR KNOWLEDGE.
Spanning tree protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is standardized as IEEE 802.1D.
Is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network.
Packet Tracer: Cisco, Spanning tree protocol
This document discusses the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) implemented on four switches separated into different VLANs. STP prevents redundant paths from causing broadcast storms. RSTP converges faster than STP by combining port states. The switches were configured with RSTP and PVST+ separately for each VLAN to prevent loops.
Attacking the spanning tree protocol
STP is a protocol that prevents bridge loops in Ethernet LANs. There are multiple versions of STP including 802.1D Common STP, 802.1w Rapid STP, and 802.1s Multiple STP. Attacks against STP protocols aim to take over the root bridge role or perform denial of service attacks by flooding bridges with BPDU packets. Countermeasures against these attacks include root guard, BPDU guard, BPDU filtering, and layer 2 PDU rate limiting on switches.
Spanning tree protocol (stp)
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol designed to prevent layer 2 loops. It is standardized as IEEE 802.D protocol. STP blocks some ports on switches with redundant links to prevent broadcast storms and ensure loop-free topology. With STP in place, you can have redundant links between switches in order to provide redundancy.
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Spanning Tree Protocol
STP prevents loops by electing a single root bridge and blocking redundant links. It uses BPDUs containing bridge IDs and path costs to elect the root bridge with the lowest bridge ID. The switch with bridge ID 32768.0001.964E.7EBB is elected as the root bridge based on having the lowest bridge ID of the switches shown.
Composants et fonctionnement d'un Switch Cisco
Un Switch (commutateur) est un équipement de niveau 2 qui relie plusieurs segments dans un réseau informatique et qui permet de créer des circuits virtuels.
Spannig tree
The document discusses spanning tree protocol (STP) which is used to prevent loops and enable redundancy in switched networks. STP designates one switch as the root bridge and elects root ports and designated ports to block ports and create a loop-free topology. STP also defines port states like forwarding, blocking, listening and learning. Rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) was introduced to improve upon STP by providing faster convergence when the network topology changes.
CCNA- part 9 vlan
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Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) prevents Layer 2 switching loops and broadcast storms in a local area network by allowing redundant links without the risk of loops. STP was developed by Radia Perlman at DEC and standardized as IEEE 802.1D. A newer version known as Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) has faster convergence time than the original STP.
Proper spanning tree.pptx
STP prevents packet loops in multi-switch networks by establishing a tree topology where one switch acts as the root bridge and blocks redundant links. It works by exchanging BPDU messages to elect the root bridge and determine the optimal path to it, blocking ports on other paths to prevent loops. Modern variants like RSTP improve performance by defining different port roles and converging faster to reduce downtime when the topology changes.
RSTP (rapid spanning tree protocol)
In 2001, the IEEE introduced Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) as 802.1w. RSTP provides significantly
faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change, introducing new convergence behavior and
bridge port roles to do this. RSTP was designed to be backwards-compatible with standard STP.
While STP can take 30 to 50 seconds to respond to a topology change, RSTP is typically able to respond
to changes within 3 × Hello times (default: 3 times 2 seconds) or within a few milliseconds of a physical
link failure. The so-called Hello time is an important and configurable time interval that is used by RSTP
for several purposes; its default value is 2 seconds.
Difference b/w STP RSTP PVST & MSTP
Difference between Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol (RSTP)
1. The main difference between Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP IEEE 802.1W) and Spanning
Tree Protocol (STP IEEE 802.1D) is that Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP IEEE 802.1W)
assumes the three Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ports states Listening, Blocking, and Disabled are
same (these states do not forward Ethernet frames and they do not learn MAC addresses).
Hence Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP IEEE 802.1W) places them all into a new called
Discarding state. Learning and forwarding ports remain more or less the same.
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This document provides an overview of VLAN concepts, including:
- VLANs logically segment LANs into broadcast domains and allow network managers to group devices by function rather than physical location.
- VLAN membership can be assigned by port, MAC address, or IP subnet. VLANs are stored in a VLAN database on switches.
- Trunking allows traffic for multiple VLANs to travel over a single link between switches using 802.1Q tagging to identify the VLAN for each frame. Native VLANs are untagged on trunks for backward compatibility.
- VLANs are configured on switches by creating VLANs, assigning ports, and configuring trunking. Show commands display VLAN configuration and status.
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Configure vtp
This document provides instructions for configuring VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) on a switched network. The tasks include:
1. Configuring S1 as the VTP server with domain CCNA and password cisco.
2. Configuring S2 and S3 as VTP clients in the same domain.
3. Creating VLANs 10, 20, 30, 99 on S1 which are then distributed to S2 and S3 via VTP.
4. Configuring trunk links between the switches and assigning VLANs to access ports on S2 and S3.
5. Verifying the VTP configuration and VLAN implementation through connectivity tests between PCs.
Vlan and vtp
VLANs logically segment a network into separate broadcast domains to improve security, performance, and manageability. VLANs use frame tagging to identify which VLAN a frame belongs to. The two main frame tagging protocols are Cisco's proprietary ISL protocol and the open standard IEEE 802.1Q protocol. A VLAN port can be either an access port assigned to one VLAN or a trunk port that can carry multiple VLAN traffic between switches.
Alp Stp
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This document discusses techniques for securing the local area network layer 2, including mitigating MAC address spoofing, STP manipulation, broadcast storms, and VLAN hopping attacks. It provides examples of how these attacks work and recommends configuration options like port security, BPDU guard, root guard, and controlling trunking to enhance network security. Specific commands are shown to enable these security features on Cisco switches to prevent common layer 2 attacks.
Vlan
VLANs logically segment a local area network (LAN) into separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic and provide additional security. A VLAN uses switches to create isolated network segments and define broadcast domains without changing the physical cabling. VLANs offer benefits like limiting broadcast domains, increased security by separating users, and flexibility to change user assignments by reconfiguring ports on switches instead of moving cables.
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This document discusses the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) implemented on four switches separated into different VLANs. STP prevents redundant paths from causing broadcast storms. RSTP converges faster than STP by combining port states. The switches were configured with RSTP and PVST+ separately for each VLAN to prevent loops.
Attacking the spanning tree protocol
STP is a protocol that prevents bridge loops in Ethernet LANs. There are multiple versions of STP including 802.1D Common STP, 802.1w Rapid STP, and 802.1s Multiple STP. Attacks against STP protocols aim to take over the root bridge role or perform denial of service attacks by flooding bridges with BPDU packets. Countermeasures against these attacks include root guard, BPDU guard, BPDU filtering, and layer 2 PDU rate limiting on switches.
Spanning tree protocol (stp)
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol designed to prevent layer 2 loops. It is standardized as IEEE 802.D protocol. STP blocks some ports on switches with redundant links to prevent broadcast storms and ensure loop-free topology. With STP in place, you can have redundant links between switches in order to provide redundancy.
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http://www.cyberintelligents.in
info@cyberintelligents.in
https://www.facebook.com/cyberintelligents
https://in.linkedin.com/in/cyberintelligents/en
https://cyberintelligents.wordpress.com/
http://cyberintelligent.blogspot.in
+91 9876162698 +919988288019
http://trainingcyberintelligents.blogspot.com
https://cyberintelligentsnews.wordpress.com/
Spanning Tree Protocol
STP prevents loops by electing a single root bridge and blocking redundant links. It uses BPDUs containing bridge IDs and path costs to elect the root bridge with the lowest bridge ID. The switch with bridge ID 32768.0001.964E.7EBB is elected as the root bridge based on having the lowest bridge ID of the switches shown.
Composants et fonctionnement d'un Switch Cisco
Un Switch (commutateur) est un équipement de niveau 2 qui relie plusieurs segments dans un réseau informatique et qui permet de créer des circuits virtuels.
Spannig tree
The document discusses spanning tree protocol (STP) which is used to prevent loops and enable redundancy in switched networks. STP designates one switch as the root bridge and elects root ports and designated ports to block ports and create a loop-free topology. STP also defines port states like forwarding, blocking, listening and learning. Rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) was introduced to improve upon STP by providing faster convergence when the network topology changes.
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VLAN allows logical separation of broadcast domains by tagging Ethernet frames with VLAN IDs. It divides a physical network into virtual LANs to improve security, manageability and flexibility. VLAN configuration involves assigning ports to VLANs either statically by port number or dynamically by MAC address. Frame tagging standards like IEEE 802.1Q are used to identify VLANs on trunk links that carry traffic for multiple VLANs between switches.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
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Proper spanning tree.pptx
STP prevents packet loops in multi-switch networks by establishing a tree topology where one switch acts as the root bridge and blocks redundant links. It works by exchanging BPDU messages to elect the root bridge and determine the optimal path to it, blocking ports on other paths to prevent loops. Modern variants like RSTP improve performance by defining different port roles and converging faster to reduce downtime when the topology changes.
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In 2001, the IEEE introduced Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) as 802.1w. RSTP provides significantly
faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change, introducing new convergence behavior and
bridge port roles to do this. RSTP was designed to be backwards-compatible with standard STP.
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Configure vtp
This document provides instructions for configuring VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) on a switched network. The tasks include:
1. Configuring S1 as the VTP server with domain CCNA and password cisco.
2. Configuring S2 and S3 as VTP clients in the same domain.
3. Creating VLANs 10, 20, 30, 99 on S1 which are then distributed to S2 and S3 via VTP.
4. Configuring trunk links between the switches and assigning VLANs to access ports on S2 and S3.
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Vlan and vtp
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VTP
The document discusses Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP). It describes VTP as a Cisco proprietary protocol that exchanges VLAN information across trunk links, allowing network managers to distribute VLAN configurations to all switches in the same domain. The document outlines the key components of VTP, including domains, advertisements, and pruning. It also details the different VTP modes of server, client, and transparent and how they operate. The benefits of using VTP for VLAN management are presented, along with some common VTP configuration issues.
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This document discusses techniques for securing the local area network layer 2, including mitigating MAC address spoofing, STP manipulation, broadcast storms, and VLAN hopping attacks. It provides examples of how these attacks work and recommends configuration options like port security, BPDU guard, root guard, and controlling trunking to enhance network security. Specific commands are shown to enable these security features on Cisco switches to prevent common layer 2 attacks.
Vlan
VLANs logically segment a local area network (LAN) into separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic and provide additional security. A VLAN uses switches to create isolated network segments and define broadcast domains without changing the physical cabling. VLANs offer benefits like limiting broadcast domains, increased security by separating users, and flexibility to change user assignments by reconfiguring ports on switches instead of moving cables.
VLAN
Una VLAN permite agrupar equipos lógicamente independientemente de su ubicación física, lo que ofrece ventajas como la movilidad de usuarios, la seguridad y la administración de redes. Las VLAN se pueden configurar de forma manual, semiautomática o totalmente automática, y existen diferentes criterios para asignar equipos a VLAN como puertos, direcciones MAC, protocolos o definidas por el usuario.
Cisco CCNA Port Security
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Vlans
Este documento describe las VLANs (redes virtuales) dentro de una red LAN, incluyendo sus ventajas, características, tipos y cómo configurarlas y enrutar entre ellas. Las VLANs permiten dividir lógicamente una red física para reducir el tamaño de broadcast, aumentar la flexibilidad, seguridad y aprovechamiento del ancho de banda. Se pueden configurar de forma estática o dinámica y requieren mapeo uno-a-uno con subredes. Los switches se comunican a través de enlaces troncales
Network Fundamentals: Ch9 - Ethernet
IEEE - Standards.
Ethernet Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC) sublayers.
Historic Ethernet: The foundation for Ethernet technology in 1970 was Alohanet.
Early Ethernet Media used coaxial cable to connect computers in a bus topology. It was known as Thicknet (10BASE5) and Thinnet (10BASE2).
Ethernet Collision Management.
There are two styles of Ethernet framing: IEEE 802.3 (original) and the revised IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet).
CSMA/CD, Carrier Sensle, Multiple Access, Collision Detection, JAM Signal and Random Backoff.
Ethernet Timing and latency.
Bit Time: The period of time required for a bit to be placed and sensed on the media.
Slot Time: is the time it takes for an electronic pulse to travel the length of the maximum theoretical distance between two nodes.
Inter-frame spacing.
Ethernet Types
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch1 - LAN Design
Switching: means receiving data on a certain port and forwarding it to appropriate port transparently, just care about the next hop, so it is a layer 2 action.
Examples of Layer 2 devices: NIC, Bridge and Switch.
Hierarchical network design with access, distribution and core layers.
The benefits of the hierarchical network design.
Understanding hierarchical network design principles such as network diameter, bandwidth aggregation and redundancy.
The definition converged network.
Understanding different switch features:
1. Form Factors (Fixed, Modular and Stackable)
2. Performance (Port Density)
3. Performance (Forwarding Rates & Link Aggregation)
4. Power over Ethernet
5. L3 Functions
Access Layer Switch Features.
Distribution Layer Switch Features.
Core Layer Switch Features
Features of Cisco Catalyst Switches
VLAN
This document discusses VLANs and trunking in converged networks. It explains that VLANs logically group devices to segment broadcast domains, reducing costs and improving security and performance. Types of VLAN traffic include data, voice, and network protocols. Communication between VLANs requires routers. Trunks are used for intra-VLAN communication and use 802.1Q tagging to identify frame VLANs, without tagging the native VLAN. The document also covers configuring and troubleshooting VLANs and trunks on Cisco switches.
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This document provides an overview of network security. It discusses what network security is, the rationale for it including increases in cybercrime and threats. It covers types of attacks, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures. It also discusses security policies, standards, risk assessment, and careers in network security such as network security administrator and chief information security officer.
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This document provides information about LAN switching and wireless networking. It defines VLANs and their benefits, describes different types of VLANs including data, default, native and management VLANs. It also discusses VLAN port membership modes, intra-VLAN and inter-VLAN communication, trunking, trunking modes and common problems with trunks. Contact information is provided at the end for the author, Abdelkhalik Mosa, with links to LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook.
Vlan
VLANs logically segment LANs into broadcast domains by using switches to assign ports and their attached devices to VLAN groups based on their MAC address, IP subnet, or switch port. This allows devices that are physically located on different floors or buildings to belong to the same logical LAN segment while preventing Layer 2 broadcasts from crossing VLAN boundaries. VLAN trunk links between switches allow multiple VLANs to be transmitted over the same physical link.
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Similar to CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 13 - Switching - Eric Vanderburg
Switching
Switching – A Process of using the MAC address on LAN is called Layer 2 Switching.
Layer 2 Switching is the process of using hardware address of devices on a LAN to segment a network.
Switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones and that a collision domain is a network
segment with two or more devices sharing the same bandwidth.
Switching
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Switching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutions
Switches create private collision domains and provide independent bandwidth on each port. Layer 2 switching provides hardware-based bridging using ASICs for wire speed and low latency switching at low cost. Switches learn MAC addresses by examining frames and make forwarding decisions based on layer 2 addresses, without modifying packets. Switches use the Spanning Tree Protocol to prevent network loops from occurring on redundant links while still allowing for redundancy.
VLAN
1. Ethernet switches build MAC-address tables through a dynamic learning process to forward frames based on MAC addresses.
2. Switches maintain CAM, TCAM, and ARP tables to perform layer 2 switching functions like address learning, forwarding, and loop avoidance.
3. VLANs create multiple broadcast domains on a switch to control broadcast traffic and improve security and flexibility.
C C N A Day4
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It provides information on how switches learn MAC addresses, create VLANs, configure trunk links between switches to carry multiple VLANs, and how frame tagging allows VLAN traffic to cross switches while keeping VLANs separate. It also discusses spanning tree protocol which prevents network loops in redundant switched topologies.
Dc fabric path
FabricPath is a Layer 2 technology from Cisco that provides multi-path Ethernet capabilities and eliminates the need for Spanning Tree Protocol. It combines the benefits of Layer 2 switching with greater scalability, availability, and loop prevention capabilities. FabricPath adds routing-like capabilities to Layer 2 switching such as all active links, fast convergence, and built-in loop avoidance mechanisms.
Switching
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Ccna free chapter
This document provides notes on the fundamentals of switching for the CCNA 640-801 exam. It discusses key concepts such as LAN segmentation to reduce collisions, how switches build and use MAC address tables to forward frames, and spanning tree protocol which ensures a loop-free topology by blocking redundant paths. Spanning tree protocol exchanges BPDU messages and puts ports into different states like blocking, listening, and forwarding based on the topology.
Lec1 lan switching
This document discusses switching technologies used in layer 2 switches. It covers topics like address learning, forwarding/filtering, loop avoidance using the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), and different types of LAN switches. STP elects a root bridge and defines port states like blocking, listening, learning, and forwarding to prevent network loops while allowing redundancy. The document provides details on how switches learn MAC addresses and make forwarding decisions faster than software-based bridges using application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
CCNA R&S-12-Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts
The document discusses Spanning Tree Protocol concepts including:
- STP prevents Ethernet frames from looping indefinitely by placing switch ports in blocking or forwarding states.
- STP elects a root switch and each non-root switch chooses a root port with the lowest cost path to the root.
- On each LAN segment, STP selects one port on one switch as the designated port to forward frames onto that segment, while blocking other ports on that segment.
Cisco discovery drs ent module 3 - v.4 in english.
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts like VLANs, trunking, VTP, and STP.
Some key points:
- A router can connect VLANs on a switch using a trunk port and subinterfaces for each VLAN.
- VTP is used to maintain VLAN configuration consistency across switches in the same management domain and mode.
- STP elects a root bridge and puts switch ports into blocking, listening, learning, or forwarding states to prevent loops.
EMEA Airheads- Switch stacking_ ArubaOS Switch
This document discusses ArubaOS switch stacking, including:
- Backplane stacking allows connecting multiple switches together to simplify operations and optimize uplink usage.
- Topologies supported are chain, ring, and mesh, with ring and mesh recommended for redundancy.
- Key functions of stacking include topology discovery, electing a commander and standby, managing members, and handling splits.
- Specific switch models like the 3800 and 2900 series support backplane stacking of up to 10 units in ring topology with stacking throughput of up to 160Gbps.
Ccna day4
Here are the key tasks for initial configuration of a Cisco switch:
- Set the enable and console passwords to secure access to privileged modes. The passwords must be between 4-8 characters.
- Configure the hostname to identify the switch.
- Configure the IP address and subnet mask on VLAN 1 for management access.
- Verify port status and configure basic settings like speed and duplex.
- Configure SNMP, syslog servers for remote monitoring if needed.
- Configure spanning tree protocol for redundancy.
- Save the running configuration to startup for automation on reboot.
- Test connectivity to verify the base configuration is functioning properly.
Ccna day4
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
Ccna day4
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It provides information on:
- How layer 2 switches break up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating separate collision domains for each switch port. This improves network performance over hub-based networks.
- The two main types of VLAN membership - static VLANs where ports are manually assigned to VLANs, and dynamic VLANs where VLAN assignments are determined automatically based on device MAC addresses.
- How VLANs simplify network management by allowing logical segmentation of broadcast domains independent of physical port locations, and improve network security by restricting communication between VLANs.
CCNA PPT
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
Ccna day4-140715152437-phpapp01
Here are the key tasks for initial configuration of a Cisco switch:
- Setting the enable and console passwords to secure access to privileged modes (Password must be between 4 and 8 characters)
- Setting the hostname to identify the switch
- Configuring the IP address and subnet mask on VLAN 1 to allow remote management via SSH/Telnet
- Configuring basic security settings like disabling unused ports, protocols, and services
- Configuring spanning tree protocol (STP) for redundancy and loop prevention in switched networks
- Verifying port status and connectivity using show commands
Vlan
VLANs logically segment networks to limit broadcast domains and improve performance. VLANs use tagging to associate packets with VLAN IDs and allow machines on different physical LAN segments to communicate logically as if on the same segment. Port security features on switches can limit access to ports by blocking unauthorized MAC addresses and alerting network managers of potential security issues.
Networks-part17-Bridges-RP1.pptjwhwhsjshh
1. Bridges separate collision domains and allow communication between different network segments by learning MAC addresses and only forwarding frames to their destination segment.
2. Switches operate similarly to bridges but only support a single frame type like Ethernet, and can provide faster switching through methods like store-and-forward.
3. Bridges and switches extend network reach and reduce congestion compared to repeaters, but precautions must be taken to prevent loops using spanning tree protocols.
Examen final ccna2
The document contains a 20 question multiple choice exam about networking technologies like HSRP, SNMP, VLANs, STP, QoS, VoIP, and security. The questions cover topics such as router redundancy protocols, switch configuration, trunking protocols, and network hardening techniques.
Similar to CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 13 - Switching - Eric Vanderburg (20)
Switching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutions
Switching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutions
Cisco discovery drs ent module 3 - v.4 in english.
Cisco discovery drs ent module 3 - v.4 in english.
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Principles of technology management
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Evaluating japanese technological competitiveness
This document analyzes Japan's technological competitiveness. It finds that while Japan faces economic challenges, it remains competitive in niche markets and product innovation. Japan spends a high percentage of its GDP on research and development, focusing on applied research and incremental improvements. This approach, along with strong industrial clusters and a commitment to quality, has allowed Japan to capture significant global market shares in various niche technology areas.
Japanese current and future technology management challenges
This document discusses Japan's current and future technology management challenges across various sectors. It outlines Japan's large-scale projects and research in areas like nuclear energy, space development, aviation, marine development, life sciences, and computer sciences. While Japan has had some successes, it also faces ongoing challenges with safety, cost, and developing breakthrough technologies to solve major problems. The document concludes by noting that Japan has established public and private business incubators, but the results have not been very encouraging so far.
Technology management in Japan: Robotics
This document provides an overview of robotics management in Japan. It discusses the history of robots beginning with Isaac Asimov coining the term "robotics" in 1942 and establishing three laws of robotics. Japan became a leader in robotics through manga influences and the growth of its robot industry in the 1970s. Today, Japan produces and uses more industrial robots than any other country, with major robotics firms like Sony, Honda, and Toyota. The document outlines various uses for robots and recent innovations from Japanese researchers. It predicts continued growth in markets like domestic robots and notes Japan's strategies to maintain leadership through constant innovation.
Incident response table top exercises
An unauthorized individual accessed private confidential data on an FTP server, triggering an incident response. The response team needed to determine how the data was accessed, scope the incident, and identify impacted stakeholders. They then took steps to contain the incident by blocking IP addresses, shutting down the FTP server, changing credentials, and moving servers. The team also restored data from backups and requested clients resend information. Post-incident activities included meetings with management and IT to prevent future occurrences through measures like shortening timeouts, adding alerts and encryption, and restricting FTP server access.
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Stay healthy, stay safe.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...
CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 13 - Switching - Eric Vanderburg
- 1. Switching Networking Essentials – Eric Vanderburg © 2005
- 2. Port Security Switchport port security mac-address mac-address Switchport port security mac-address sticky – learn first MAC used and restrict to that one
- 3. Switch modes Store & forward – waits until entire frame is analyzed to forward Fragment free – looks at first 64 bytes before forwarding Cut through – forwards ASAP Adaptive cut through – acts like cut through unless many errors are encountered. If so, switches to store & forward Switching-mode store-and-forward
- 4. STP 802.1d Used to reduce forwarding loops Allows redundancy without looping Elects root bridge based on lowest bridge ID (MAC & priority) Root ports are put in forwarding state, others in blocking Root switch enables all ports
- 5. Other features EtherChannel – allows multiple trunk links to be used as one (2-8 links) PortFast – ports connected to hosts can be enabled at once as soon as the first frame is received
- 6. RSTP 802.1w Faster convergance PortFast & Etherchannel are both built-in Does not work when hubs are on the network Can negotiate a new path to root automatically without a link going down first
- 7. VLANs Segment into multiple broadcast domains Requires layer 3 device to send data between VLANs Requires trunking to move data to VLANs spread between switches
- 8. Trunking ISL (Inter-Switch Link) IEEE 802.1q encapsulates Default VLAN Changes header Trunk Types On Off Desirable Auto
- 9. VTP VTP allows configuration changes to be propagated to other switches in the same domain VTP modes Server mode Client mode Transparent mode VTP pruning – does not send VTP info to a switch that has no ports in that VLAN
- 10. Switch commands Interface fastethernet 0/0 Duplex full / half / auto Speed 10 / 100 / 1000 / auto Spanning-tree cost cost – changes priority Channel-group # - enables etherchannel Show spanning-tree – view info on rootID, bridgeID, & ports that are blocking or forwarding Show vtp status – shows number of VLANs, operating mode for this device, & domain name,
- 11. Trunking interface fastethernet 0.1 encapsulation isl 1 encapsulation dot1q 2 (do not set for main interface because that will be default vlan)
- 12. VLAN comands Vlan database SW1(vlan)# Vlan 1 name Test Vlan 2 name Sample Vtp domain SampleDomain Exit – must exit for changes to take place Vtp pruning – turns pruning on in global config Interface fastethernet 0/0 Switchport mode access – not trunk Switchport access vlan 1 Interface range fastethernet 0/1 – 10
- 13. 1900 switch Interface fastethernet 0/0 Vlan-membership static 2 Exit Set up vlans in configure terminal instead of vlan database
- 14. Trunking commands Interface fastethernet 0/0 Switchport mode dynamic desirable Switchport mode dynamic auto Switchport mode trunk Switchport mode access Interface ethernet 0.2 Encapsulation isl vlan# Encapsulation dot1q vlan#