laryngeal paralysis is a specific issue ENT have to deal with.
It is a sign of Disease and not a final diagnosis, should a patient present with the symptoms it is prudent to investigate and find cause of the paralysis
This document discusses recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP). It begins by describing normal vocal cord function and the effects of paralysis. It then covers the anatomy of the larynx and nerves involved. The causes, types, clinical features and investigations of unilateral and bilateral RLNP are explained. Management options are also summarized, including wait and see approach, laryngoplasty procedures, and in severe bilateral cases - tracheostomy or surgical techniques to lateralize the vocal cords.
Vocal cord paralysis occurs when there is interruption of nerve impulses to the laryngeal muscles, resulting in impaired or absent movement of the vocal cords. It can be caused by issues with the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, or both. Unilateral paralysis may cause hoarseness while bilateral paralysis risks airway obstruction and aspiration. Treatment depends on severity and includes watchful waiting, injection augmentation, framework surgery, and in severe cases, tracheostomy. Proper evaluation involves assessing symptoms, medical history, and direct laryngeal examination along with imaging tests.
This document discusses current concepts in vocal cord paralysis. It summarizes that theories of vocal fold positioning following paralysis are now more simplified. The current theory considers lesion type, pathology, and synkinesis/fibrosis. Examination findings like breathy voice, diplophonia, and tense phonation are described. Management includes injections like Teflon, collagen, fat, and medialization procedures like type I thyroplasty. Bilateral paralysis requires tailored treatment including steroids, intubation, or lateralization surgeries in severe cases.
This document discusses vocal cord paralysis, including:
1. It reviews the anatomy of the vocal cords and their innervation.
2. It outlines the various etiologies of vocal cord paralysis including neurological, tumor infiltration, systemic disease, medications, trauma, and idiopathic causes. Surgical procedures are a common traumatic cause.
3. It describes the evaluation of a patient with vocal cord paralysis including history, physical exam, imaging, and laryngeal electromyography to determine the location and cause of the paralysis.
This document provides information on vocal cord paralysis, including:
1. It summarizes the anatomy of the larynx, nerves, and muscles as well as the functions of the larynx.
2. It discusses the various causes (etiologies) of vocal cord paralysis including surgical, malignant, inflammatory, traumatic, neurological and others.
3. It describes the clinical assessment and evaluation of a patient with vocal cord paralysis including history, examination findings, and surgical evaluation techniques.
This document discusses vocal cord paralysis, including:
1. It describes the nerve supply and muscles that control the vocal cords, including the recurrent laryngeal nerve which is commonly involved in paralysis.
2. It classifies vocal cord paralysis as unilateral or bilateral, and outlines the common causes such as surgery, tumors, and idiopathic.
3. Treatment depends on whether it is unilateral or bilateral paralysis, and may include speech therapy, vocal cord injections or medialization procedures like thyroplasty to improve voice and breathing.
laryngeal paralysis is a specific issue ENT have to deal with.
It is a sign of Disease and not a final diagnosis, should a patient present with the symptoms it is prudent to investigate and find cause of the paralysis
This document discusses recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP). It begins by describing normal vocal cord function and the effects of paralysis. It then covers the anatomy of the larynx and nerves involved. The causes, types, clinical features and investigations of unilateral and bilateral RLNP are explained. Management options are also summarized, including wait and see approach, laryngoplasty procedures, and in severe bilateral cases - tracheostomy or surgical techniques to lateralize the vocal cords.
Vocal cord paralysis occurs when there is interruption of nerve impulses to the laryngeal muscles, resulting in impaired or absent movement of the vocal cords. It can be caused by issues with the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, or both. Unilateral paralysis may cause hoarseness while bilateral paralysis risks airway obstruction and aspiration. Treatment depends on severity and includes watchful waiting, injection augmentation, framework surgery, and in severe cases, tracheostomy. Proper evaluation involves assessing symptoms, medical history, and direct laryngeal examination along with imaging tests.
This document discusses current concepts in vocal cord paralysis. It summarizes that theories of vocal fold positioning following paralysis are now more simplified. The current theory considers lesion type, pathology, and synkinesis/fibrosis. Examination findings like breathy voice, diplophonia, and tense phonation are described. Management includes injections like Teflon, collagen, fat, and medialization procedures like type I thyroplasty. Bilateral paralysis requires tailored treatment including steroids, intubation, or lateralization surgeries in severe cases.
This document discusses vocal cord paralysis, including:
1. It reviews the anatomy of the vocal cords and their innervation.
2. It outlines the various etiologies of vocal cord paralysis including neurological, tumor infiltration, systemic disease, medications, trauma, and idiopathic causes. Surgical procedures are a common traumatic cause.
3. It describes the evaluation of a patient with vocal cord paralysis including history, physical exam, imaging, and laryngeal electromyography to determine the location and cause of the paralysis.
This document provides information on vocal cord paralysis, including:
1. It summarizes the anatomy of the larynx, nerves, and muscles as well as the functions of the larynx.
2. It discusses the various causes (etiologies) of vocal cord paralysis including surgical, malignant, inflammatory, traumatic, neurological and others.
3. It describes the clinical assessment and evaluation of a patient with vocal cord paralysis including history, examination findings, and surgical evaluation techniques.
This document discusses vocal cord paralysis, including:
1. It describes the nerve supply and muscles that control the vocal cords, including the recurrent laryngeal nerve which is commonly involved in paralysis.
2. It classifies vocal cord paralysis as unilateral or bilateral, and outlines the common causes such as surgery, tumors, and idiopathic.
3. Treatment depends on whether it is unilateral or bilateral paralysis, and may include speech therapy, vocal cord injections or medialization procedures like thyroplasty to improve voice and breathing.
This document discusses vocal fold paralysis, including:
- The anatomy of the vagus, superior laryngeal, and recurrent laryngeal nerves which innervate the larynx.
- The causes of vocal fold paralysis including surgical trauma, tumors, and neurological disorders.
- The clinical signs of unilateral or bilateral vocal fold paralysis including hoarseness, breathiness, and aspiration risk.
- Methods for evaluating and diagnosing vocal fold paralysis using laryngoscopy, imaging, and laryngeal electromyography.
- Surgical and non-surgical treatment options for vocal fold paralysis including vocal fold injection, medialization thyroplasty, and laryngeal reinnervation surgery.
Laryngealparalysis ug class - 03.10.16, prof.s.gopalakrishnanophthalmgmcri
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis can result from recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroid surgery. The vocal cord assumes a median position and does not move laterally on inspiration. Bilateral paralysis from neuritis causes both cords to be in the paramedian position, resulting in breathing difficulties that worsen with exertion. Treatment may include cord lateralization procedures like arytenoidectomy or thyroplasty to improve breathing.
This document discusses various surgical interventions for bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP). It classifies interventions into extra-laryngeal and intra-laryngeal approaches. Extra-laryngeal approaches include different types of arytenoidectomy procedures developed over time, while intra-laryngeal approaches utilize newer endoscopic techniques with lasers. The document outlines different procedures like laser cordotomy, medial arytenoidectomy, and endoscopic suture lateralization. It also discusses the indications, contraindications, and history of treatments for BVFP, from early tracheostomies to modern laser and endoscopic methods.
This document provides information on the approach to patients presenting with vocal cord paralysis. It discusses the epidemiology, causes, examination findings, investigations, and treatment options. Regarding unilateral vocal cord paralysis, the most common etiologies are iatrogenic (e.g. thyroid surgery), malignancy, and idiopathic. Bilateral paralysis is often due to thyroid surgery or intubation. Examination involves assessing voice quality and cord mobility. Investigations aim to identify underlying causes, and may include imaging, biopsies, and electromyography. Treatment depends on severity and chronicity, and may involve voice therapy, temporary augmentation, or phonosurgery like thyroplasty. Bilateral paralysis requires airway management
This document discusses vocal cord palsy, including:
1. It describes the anatomy and innervation of the vocal cords and surrounding structures.
2. It outlines various causes of vocal cord palsy and discusses clinical features and evaluations used to diagnose the condition.
3. It provides an overview of management strategies for unilateral and bilateral vocal cord palsy, both non-surgical and surgical options. Surgical procedures discussed include injection augmentation, medialization thyroplasty, and different types of laryngeal framework surgery.
This document provides information on vocal cord paralysis, including:
1. Vocal cord paralysis is defined as total interruption of nerve impulses resulting in no movement of laryngeal muscles, while paresis is partial interruption causing weak movement.
2. Causes of laryngeal paralysis can be supranuclear, nuclear, related to high or low vagal lesions, or systemic. Paralysis may be unilateral, bilateral, or involve the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, or both.
3. In unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, the vocal cord assumes a median position and does not move laterally on inspiration. Bilateral paralysis causes stridor and dyspnea due to
This document discusses various treatments for bilateral vocal fold paralysis including laser posterior cordotomy, arytenoidectomy, and vocal fold lateralization. Laser posterior cordotomy is described as an effective procedure that can improve breathing issues without significantly impacting voice. It has benefits of being quick, simple, reliable, and allowing for revision if needed. Studies show laser cordotomy can avoid the need for tracheostomy in non-tracheostomized patients and allow decannulation in many tracheostomized patients. Bilateral cordotomy may be preferable to unilateral in patients with more severe breathing issues.
This document discusses laryngeal paralysis, including the nerve supply and causes of paralysis of the larynx. It describes recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and superior laryngeal nerve paralysis, including their clinical features and treatments. Bilateral paralysis and combined (complete) paralysis are also covered. Congenital vocal cord paralysis and various phonosurgery procedures are summarized.
1. Unilateral and bilateral vocal fold paralysis can occur in both adults and children due to various etiologies such as iatrogenic injury, malignancy, neurological disorders, and idiopathic causes.
2. Diagnosis involves videolaryngoscopy and fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Treatment depends on whether it is unilateral or bilateral and includes vocal fold injections, medialization procedures, endoscopic cordotomy, and in some cases tracheostomy.
3. Outcomes of treatment aim to improve voice and airway while avoiding complications such as granuloma formation or implant migration. Management of bilateral paralysis particularly in children requires careful evaluation and may involve observation as spontaneous recovery can occur.
I. Velopharyngeal dysfunction occurs when the velopharyngeal valve does not properly close during speech, causing hypernasality and other speech issues. It can be caused by structural abnormalities (insufficiency), neurological/muscular issues (incompetence), or improper learning of speech sounds (mislearning). Successful treatment requires a team approach including surgeons, speech therapists, and other specialists to precisely diagnose the cause and customize treatment.
This document discusses velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD), which refers to impaired functioning of the velopharyngeal valve that separates the oral and nasal cavities during speech. There are several types of VPD, including velopharyngeal insufficiency due to anatomical defects like cleft palate, velopharyngeal incompetence due to neurological issues, and velopharyngeal mislearning where the mechanism is capable of closure but sounds are mislearned. Diagnosis requires assessing the patient's speech and velopharyngeal anatomy and function. Treatment may involve speech therapy or surgery to repair anatomical defects or restore competence. Successful management requires a collaborative team approach between surgeons and speech therapists.
1) The document discusses the nerve supply and neurological disorders of the larynx. It describes the motor and sensory innervation of the larynx and causes of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis including malignancy and surgical trauma.
2) Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis results in a median or paramedian vocal cord position, while bilateral paralysis causes airway obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity and includes injection laryngoplasty or laryngeal reinnervation procedures.
3) Superior laryngeal nerve paralysis can also occur from neck surgery or trauma, resulting in weakness of the cricothyroid muscle. Combined recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve paralysis causes total laryngeal paralysis on one side.
Treacher Collins Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities of the structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. It is caused by mutations in genes like TCOF1. Symptoms include eyelid and facial deformities. Treatment is through staged reconstructive surgeries to address issues like airway management, hearing loss, and facial bone hypoplasia. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and improve quality of life through multidisciplinary care.
Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is the inability to achieve closure of the velopharyngeal port during speech, commonly caused by cleft palate or other structural abnormalities. Signs include hypernasality, nasal emission, and imprecise consonant production. Treatment options include speech therapy, prosthetics like palatal lifts, and surgery like pharyngeal flaps or sphincter pharyngoplasty to improve closure of the airway during speech. Surgical complications can include bleeding, airway obstruction, or sleep apnea requiring revision in some cases.
This is a presentation I used for my seminar on 'Phonosurgery' on 4th November, 2015. I hope they are useful to you. Constructive as well as Destructive criticism welcomed.
Videostroboscopy is a useful technique for evaluating the larynx. It uses synchronized flashing light passed through an endoscope to visualize vocal fold vibration in slow motion. This allows examination of vocal fold biomechanics, laryngeal mucosa, and mucosal vibration. Videostroboscopy can detect vocal fold lesions and other pathologies, helping to plan surgery and treatments for voice problems. The procedure involves calibrating a microphone, inserting a rigid or flexible endoscope, and having the patient phonate so vocal fold vibration can be observed. Common findings include vocal cysts, polyps, and nodules, which impact mucosal wave and glottic closure.
This document discusses two cases of petrous bone cholesteatoma. It provides background on petrous bone anatomy and classifications of petrous bone cholesteatoma. It also describes the surgical approaches and considerations for treatment of petrous bone cholesteatoma, which aim to completely remove the disease while preserving vital structures like the facial nerve. Two cases of petrous bone cholesteatoma are presented and the surgical treatments used in each case.
Velopharyngeal dysfunction is caused by a failure of the velopharyngeal valve to completely close during speech and swallowing. This results in hypernasality, nasal air emission, and compensatory articulation errors. The velopharyngeal port boundaries include the soft palate anteriorly, posterior pharyngeal wall posteriorly, and lateral pharyngeal walls laterally. Surgical and non-surgical treatments aim to improve velopharyngeal closure and reduce nasal air escape. Common surgical procedures include palatal lengthening and narrowing the pharyngeal walls.
Vocal cord nodules and its homeopathic treatmentShewta shetty
Vocal cord nodules are benign growths on the vocal cords that cause hoarseness, breathiness, and other voice problems. They develop from overuse of the voice through activities like singing, shouting, or smoking. Common symptoms include hoarseness, low pitch, pain, and fatigue. Treatment may involve biopsy and homeopathic remedies to address the whole constitution, as nodules can sometimes develop into cancer if underlying genetic and lifestyle factors aren't addressed.
This study aimed to develop an acoustic analysis algorithm to diagnose new onset vocal cord paralysis using a patient's voice. Researchers collected voice data from 33 patients before and after surgery. Using wavelet packet analysis and a support vector machine, they identified discriminating voice features associated with hoarseness from vocal cord paralysis. Their algorithm classified hoarseness with 93.5% accuracy on pre- and post-operative voice samples, outperforming an existing diagnostic tool. However, limitations included only analyzing American accents and not validating against direct visualization of the vocal cords.
This document discusses vocal fold paralysis, including:
- The anatomy of the vagus, superior laryngeal, and recurrent laryngeal nerves which innervate the larynx.
- The causes of vocal fold paralysis including surgical trauma, tumors, and neurological disorders.
- The clinical signs of unilateral or bilateral vocal fold paralysis including hoarseness, breathiness, and aspiration risk.
- Methods for evaluating and diagnosing vocal fold paralysis using laryngoscopy, imaging, and laryngeal electromyography.
- Surgical and non-surgical treatment options for vocal fold paralysis including vocal fold injection, medialization thyroplasty, and laryngeal reinnervation surgery.
Laryngealparalysis ug class - 03.10.16, prof.s.gopalakrishnanophthalmgmcri
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis can result from recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroid surgery. The vocal cord assumes a median position and does not move laterally on inspiration. Bilateral paralysis from neuritis causes both cords to be in the paramedian position, resulting in breathing difficulties that worsen with exertion. Treatment may include cord lateralization procedures like arytenoidectomy or thyroplasty to improve breathing.
This document discusses various surgical interventions for bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP). It classifies interventions into extra-laryngeal and intra-laryngeal approaches. Extra-laryngeal approaches include different types of arytenoidectomy procedures developed over time, while intra-laryngeal approaches utilize newer endoscopic techniques with lasers. The document outlines different procedures like laser cordotomy, medial arytenoidectomy, and endoscopic suture lateralization. It also discusses the indications, contraindications, and history of treatments for BVFP, from early tracheostomies to modern laser and endoscopic methods.
This document provides information on the approach to patients presenting with vocal cord paralysis. It discusses the epidemiology, causes, examination findings, investigations, and treatment options. Regarding unilateral vocal cord paralysis, the most common etiologies are iatrogenic (e.g. thyroid surgery), malignancy, and idiopathic. Bilateral paralysis is often due to thyroid surgery or intubation. Examination involves assessing voice quality and cord mobility. Investigations aim to identify underlying causes, and may include imaging, biopsies, and electromyography. Treatment depends on severity and chronicity, and may involve voice therapy, temporary augmentation, or phonosurgery like thyroplasty. Bilateral paralysis requires airway management
This document discusses vocal cord palsy, including:
1. It describes the anatomy and innervation of the vocal cords and surrounding structures.
2. It outlines various causes of vocal cord palsy and discusses clinical features and evaluations used to diagnose the condition.
3. It provides an overview of management strategies for unilateral and bilateral vocal cord palsy, both non-surgical and surgical options. Surgical procedures discussed include injection augmentation, medialization thyroplasty, and different types of laryngeal framework surgery.
This document provides information on vocal cord paralysis, including:
1. Vocal cord paralysis is defined as total interruption of nerve impulses resulting in no movement of laryngeal muscles, while paresis is partial interruption causing weak movement.
2. Causes of laryngeal paralysis can be supranuclear, nuclear, related to high or low vagal lesions, or systemic. Paralysis may be unilateral, bilateral, or involve the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, or both.
3. In unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, the vocal cord assumes a median position and does not move laterally on inspiration. Bilateral paralysis causes stridor and dyspnea due to
This document discusses various treatments for bilateral vocal fold paralysis including laser posterior cordotomy, arytenoidectomy, and vocal fold lateralization. Laser posterior cordotomy is described as an effective procedure that can improve breathing issues without significantly impacting voice. It has benefits of being quick, simple, reliable, and allowing for revision if needed. Studies show laser cordotomy can avoid the need for tracheostomy in non-tracheostomized patients and allow decannulation in many tracheostomized patients. Bilateral cordotomy may be preferable to unilateral in patients with more severe breathing issues.
This document discusses laryngeal paralysis, including the nerve supply and causes of paralysis of the larynx. It describes recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and superior laryngeal nerve paralysis, including their clinical features and treatments. Bilateral paralysis and combined (complete) paralysis are also covered. Congenital vocal cord paralysis and various phonosurgery procedures are summarized.
1. Unilateral and bilateral vocal fold paralysis can occur in both adults and children due to various etiologies such as iatrogenic injury, malignancy, neurological disorders, and idiopathic causes.
2. Diagnosis involves videolaryngoscopy and fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Treatment depends on whether it is unilateral or bilateral and includes vocal fold injections, medialization procedures, endoscopic cordotomy, and in some cases tracheostomy.
3. Outcomes of treatment aim to improve voice and airway while avoiding complications such as granuloma formation or implant migration. Management of bilateral paralysis particularly in children requires careful evaluation and may involve observation as spontaneous recovery can occur.
I. Velopharyngeal dysfunction occurs when the velopharyngeal valve does not properly close during speech, causing hypernasality and other speech issues. It can be caused by structural abnormalities (insufficiency), neurological/muscular issues (incompetence), or improper learning of speech sounds (mislearning). Successful treatment requires a team approach including surgeons, speech therapists, and other specialists to precisely diagnose the cause and customize treatment.
This document discusses velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD), which refers to impaired functioning of the velopharyngeal valve that separates the oral and nasal cavities during speech. There are several types of VPD, including velopharyngeal insufficiency due to anatomical defects like cleft palate, velopharyngeal incompetence due to neurological issues, and velopharyngeal mislearning where the mechanism is capable of closure but sounds are mislearned. Diagnosis requires assessing the patient's speech and velopharyngeal anatomy and function. Treatment may involve speech therapy or surgery to repair anatomical defects or restore competence. Successful management requires a collaborative team approach between surgeons and speech therapists.
1) The document discusses the nerve supply and neurological disorders of the larynx. It describes the motor and sensory innervation of the larynx and causes of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis including malignancy and surgical trauma.
2) Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis results in a median or paramedian vocal cord position, while bilateral paralysis causes airway obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity and includes injection laryngoplasty or laryngeal reinnervation procedures.
3) Superior laryngeal nerve paralysis can also occur from neck surgery or trauma, resulting in weakness of the cricothyroid muscle. Combined recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve paralysis causes total laryngeal paralysis on one side.
Treacher Collins Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities of the structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. It is caused by mutations in genes like TCOF1. Symptoms include eyelid and facial deformities. Treatment is through staged reconstructive surgeries to address issues like airway management, hearing loss, and facial bone hypoplasia. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and improve quality of life through multidisciplinary care.
Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is the inability to achieve closure of the velopharyngeal port during speech, commonly caused by cleft palate or other structural abnormalities. Signs include hypernasality, nasal emission, and imprecise consonant production. Treatment options include speech therapy, prosthetics like palatal lifts, and surgery like pharyngeal flaps or sphincter pharyngoplasty to improve closure of the airway during speech. Surgical complications can include bleeding, airway obstruction, or sleep apnea requiring revision in some cases.
This is a presentation I used for my seminar on 'Phonosurgery' on 4th November, 2015. I hope they are useful to you. Constructive as well as Destructive criticism welcomed.
Videostroboscopy is a useful technique for evaluating the larynx. It uses synchronized flashing light passed through an endoscope to visualize vocal fold vibration in slow motion. This allows examination of vocal fold biomechanics, laryngeal mucosa, and mucosal vibration. Videostroboscopy can detect vocal fold lesions and other pathologies, helping to plan surgery and treatments for voice problems. The procedure involves calibrating a microphone, inserting a rigid or flexible endoscope, and having the patient phonate so vocal fold vibration can be observed. Common findings include vocal cysts, polyps, and nodules, which impact mucosal wave and glottic closure.
This document discusses two cases of petrous bone cholesteatoma. It provides background on petrous bone anatomy and classifications of petrous bone cholesteatoma. It also describes the surgical approaches and considerations for treatment of petrous bone cholesteatoma, which aim to completely remove the disease while preserving vital structures like the facial nerve. Two cases of petrous bone cholesteatoma are presented and the surgical treatments used in each case.
Velopharyngeal dysfunction is caused by a failure of the velopharyngeal valve to completely close during speech and swallowing. This results in hypernasality, nasal air emission, and compensatory articulation errors. The velopharyngeal port boundaries include the soft palate anteriorly, posterior pharyngeal wall posteriorly, and lateral pharyngeal walls laterally. Surgical and non-surgical treatments aim to improve velopharyngeal closure and reduce nasal air escape. Common surgical procedures include palatal lengthening and narrowing the pharyngeal walls.
Vocal cord nodules and its homeopathic treatmentShewta shetty
Vocal cord nodules are benign growths on the vocal cords that cause hoarseness, breathiness, and other voice problems. They develop from overuse of the voice through activities like singing, shouting, or smoking. Common symptoms include hoarseness, low pitch, pain, and fatigue. Treatment may involve biopsy and homeopathic remedies to address the whole constitution, as nodules can sometimes develop into cancer if underlying genetic and lifestyle factors aren't addressed.
This study aimed to develop an acoustic analysis algorithm to diagnose new onset vocal cord paralysis using a patient's voice. Researchers collected voice data from 33 patients before and after surgery. Using wavelet packet analysis and a support vector machine, they identified discriminating voice features associated with hoarseness from vocal cord paralysis. Their algorithm classified hoarseness with 93.5% accuracy on pre- and post-operative voice samples, outperforming an existing diagnostic tool. However, limitations included only analyzing American accents and not validating against direct visualization of the vocal cords.
This document describes the anatomy and physiology of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. It discusses the structures and functions of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and associated muscles. It explains the processes of ventilation, gas exchange, oxygen transport and the role of pressure gradients in breathing. It covers clinical assessments of respiratory symptoms like dyspnea, cough and abnormal breath sounds. It also outlines diagnostic tests and treatments for upper respiratory infections.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the upper airway. It describes the components of the upper airway including the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and larynx. It then discusses the muscles responsible for airway patency and the consequences of loss of upper airway muscle tone. Finally, it covers causes of upper airway obstruction including functional, mechanical, and those that can occur in the peri-operative period.
The document describes the anatomy of the larynx. It discusses the cartilages that make up the larynx, including the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, epiglottis, corniculate and cuneiform cartilages. It describes the ligaments that connect the cartilages, including the thyrohyoid membrane, cricothyroid membrane, quadrangular membrane, thyroepiglottic ligament and conus elasticus. The larynx contains the vocal folds and is involved in sound production and airway protection during breathing and swallowing.
This document provides an overview of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), including its definition, presentation, potential etiologies, differential diagnosis, and treatment approaches. VCD involves adduction of the vocal cords during inhalation, exhalation, or both, resulting in respiratory symptoms. It is often misdiagnosed as asthma but requires a team-based diagnosis and treatment plan involving medical, speech therapy, and potentially psychiatric interventions.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the larynx, including:
- The larynx contains 9 cartilages (3 paired and 3 unpaired) connected by ligaments and containing 8 muscles.
- The cartilages include the thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, and 3 pairs of smaller cartilages. Ligaments connect the cartilages and attach the larynx to surrounding structures.
- During swallowing, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles work together to elevate the larynx and close the glottis to prevent food from entering the trachea.
- The vocal folds and their tension, controlled by muscles, allow the larynx to function in
1. Labyrinthitis is an inner ear inflammation that causes severe vertigo, nausea, hearing loss and imbalance.
2. It is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections, such as those causing colds or ear infections.
3. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through bed rest, medications and sometimes surgery. Patients require care to prevent falls and dehydration during recovery.
This document summarizes a study on treating muscle tension dysphonia. The study examined 11 patients with muscle tension dysphonia over one year. Both primary and secondary muscle tension dysphonia cases were included. All patients received voice therapy. Outcomes were measured before and after therapy using auditory-perceptual ratings, quality of life measures, and visual-perceptual laryngeal evaluations. Results found voice therapy to be very effective for improving muscle tension dysphonia based on improved scores on all outcome measures after therapy. The document concludes voice therapy should be the primary treatment for both primary and secondary muscle tension dysphonia cases.
Hearing loss is one of the most frequent sensory deficient in human population. It affects more than 360 million people.
Consequences of hearing impairment include reduced ability to communicate, economic and educational disadvantage, social isolation and stigmatization.
we will talk also about the common types & causes of hearing loss and the possible applicable methods to treat these conditions.
This PPT is aims to provide knowledge and understanding about the concept of Hearing impairment, Causes of Hearing Impairment, Types of Hearing Impairment, Prevention of Hearing Impairment and Prevalence of Hearing Impairment.
This document provides information on Meniere's disease, including its pathology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Some key points:
- Meniere's disease is caused by endolymphatic hydrops, or a distension of the inner ear's fluid-filled spaces. This mainly affects the cochlea and saccule.
- Classical symptoms include episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus and aural fullness. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes and showing these characteristic symptoms.
- Treatment focuses on relieving acute attacks medically and managing symptoms long-term. Lifestyle changes like low salt are recommended. Vestibular sedatives and vasodil
The document summarizes guidelines from the American Association of Orthodontists on the role of orthodontists in screening for and managing obstructive sleep apnea. It discusses how orthodontists can screen patients for risk factors and signs of sleep apnea. It also outlines how orthodontic treatments like oral appliances and orthognathic surgery can be used to treat sleep apnea in collaboration with physicians. The document separates discussions on adult and pediatric sleep apnea, covering etiology, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches for each.
Angelo Consiglio, MD, has distinguished himself as a privately practicing ear, nose, and throat physician. Dr. Angelo Consiglio draws on formal training in numerous aspects of otolaryngology care, including care of the voice and vocal folds.
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Sign and symptoms
Complication and investigations
Evaluation
Diagnosis
Prevention and management
Treatment
PrognosisSudden
sensorineural hearing loss
It is one of three type of hearing loss
Hearing loss due to defect in the sensory apparatus cochlea (sensory)
Or in the pathway of conduction of nerve impulses to the brain (neural)
Neural causes can be
peripheral:8 nerve
Central:auditory pathway or cortex
Hearing loss is very common among the elderly, affecting around 25-40% of those over 65 and up to 80% of those over 85. It is typically caused by presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss, which results in a gradual, progressive, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss most prominent in higher frequencies. While the hearing loss cannot be reversed, it can be well-managed through the use of hearing aids, auditory training, speech reading, and clear communication strategies to help the elderly maintain quality of life. Proper assessment of hearing loss involves audiometry to measure sensitivity across frequencies and classify the degree of loss.
Hereditary hearing loss can be caused by genetic mutations and can be passed down from parents to children. The document discusses several types of genetic hearing loss including syndromic hearing loss which is accompanied by other health issues, and non-syndromic hearing loss which only involves hearing. Specific genetic disorders that can cause hearing loss, such as Waardenburg Syndrome and Stickler Syndrome, are explained. Mutations in the GJB2 and POU3F4 genes are highlighted as common causes of non-syndromic genetic hearing loss. The document provides an overview of genetic factors that can contribute to hearing impairment from birth or that develop later in life.
The document provides information about deafness/hearing loss, including:
1) It defines deafness and hearing loss, and discusses the anatomy and physiology of the ear.
2) It explains the different types of hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural, mixed, etc), as well as the causes, symptoms, and tests used to diagnose hearing loss.
3) It describes some common treatments for hearing loss, including hearing aids, cochlear implants, earwax removal, and assistive devices. It also discusses the nurse's role in caring for patients with hearing loss.
Learning Outcomes:
Students should be able to:
1) Define deafness2) State the etiology of hearing loss
3) Explain the pathophysiology of hearing loss
4) State the clinical manifestation of hearing loss
5) Explain the types of hearing loss
6) Discuss the investigations of hearing loss
7) Describe the treatment of hearing loss patient
8) Carried out nursing care plan for the patient
The effects of tuberculosis and hearing lossmphaliuj
1. Tuberculosis can spread to various organs in the body, including the ears. Research has shown a link between TB and decreased hearing thresholds. People with both TB and exposure to loud noises are at higher risk of hearing loss.
2. Patients being treated for multi-drug resistant TB with certain antibiotic drugs like aminoglycosides and capreomycin are at risk of permanent sensorineural hearing loss caused by the ototoxic effects of these drugs.
3. While HIV itself does not cause hearing loss, people with HIV aged 35 and older who take ototoxic antiretroviral drugs have a higher risk of developing sensorineural hearing loss. HIV can also increase the risk of middle ear disorders and
HOW TO BROACH A MUSCLE TENSION DYSPHONIA CASE
Sachender Pal Singh (PGT), Aakanksha Rathor (PGT), Smrity Rupa Borah Dutta
ABSTRACT
Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) is a condition where excessive muscular tension or
muscle misuse is associated with phonation. It has multifactorial etiologies. It can be a
primary or secondary Muscle Tension Dysphonia. While it can affect anyone, sufferers
usually belong to a particular group. It has very serious impact on sufferer's personal, social
& professional life. We are presenting here, our 1 year prospective study done in the
department of Otorhinolaryngology, Silchar Medical College & Hospital from June 2012 to
July 2013. Voice therapy was given to every patient whether primary or secondary muscle
tension dysphonia & Pre therapy-versus-post therapy comparisons were made of selfratings
of Voice Handicap Index, Auditory-Perceptual Ratings, as well as, Visual -
Perceptual Evaluations of laryngeal images. Outcome of voice therapy results in such
patients were found to be very good. As the disease is multifactorial so treatment approach
should be broad based involving multidisciplinary team
This document provides information about deafness (hearing loss) including:
1. It defines deafness and discusses the anatomy and physiology of the ear.
2. It covers the types (conductive, sensorineural, mixed), causes, signs and symptoms, and investigations of hearing loss.
3. It describes the treatment options for hearing loss including hearing aids, earwax removal, cochlear implants, sign language, assistive devices, and lip reading. It also discusses prevention of hearing loss.
Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital larynx anomaly characterized by partial or complete collapse of the supraglottic structures on inspiration, causing noisy breathing in infants. It is usually mild and transient, resolving by age 1-2 years, but may require surgical intervention if respiratory complications develop. Treatment involves managing gastroesophageal reflux if present and in rare cases supraglottoplasty to widen the airway if respiratory distress persists.
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Hearing & Eye Age-Related Diseases
Presbycusis, also known as age-related hearing loss, is a debilitating disease with a complicated etiology that affects tens of millions of people worldwide and roughly half of those over 65 in the United States (Say et al., 2021). The loss is usually bilateral, causing difficulty hearing high-pitched tones and conversational speech (Meiner & Yeager, 2019). The causes of age-related hearing loss are thought to be genetic and environmental. Men are more affected by this condition than women. This condition's origin is yet unknown.
Some signs and symptoms that could be seen in patients with this condition are not answering when spoken to, talking loudly, paying attention to the speaker's lips, turning up the radio or TV volume, putting one palm over one ear, and tilting the head to one side when someone is speaking (Meiner & Yeager, 2019). The causes of presbycusis are multifaceted. In addition to physiologic and anatomical alterations brought on by aging-related deterioration, genetic factors are among the additional contributing elements (Cheslock & De Jesus, 2022). It is believed that glutamate signaling, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones all contribute to it. Hearing loss occurs more frequently in postmenopausal women who use progestin and a combination of hormone replacement therapy. Presbycusis has also been linked to exposure to loud noises and ototoxic substances such as salicylates, loop diuretics, aminoglycosides, and some chemotherapeutic drugs. Ototoxicity has also been linked to certain occupational and environmental exposures to toxins such as toluene, styrene, lead, carbon monoxide, mercury, and other toxins (Cheslock & De Jesus, 2022). This problem has also been associated to a history of ear infections and the presence of several systemic disorders.
Studies aimed at establishing a clear association for the cause have not been successful. As a result, the diagnosis entails eliminating other potential causes of hearing loss, such as infections, head trauma, metabolic disorders, vascular diseases, and heart disease (Meiner & Yeager, 2019). It is important for nurses when caring for patients with this condition to speak clearly and use a normal tone of voice. Patients and their families need to be instructed on how to use and where to obtain assistive listening devices (Meiner & Yeager, 2019). Nurses must educate patients and family members that when using hearing aids, they need to perform daily listening and battery checks. These devices must be stored in a hearing aid drying container with batteries removed.
Vision is an important sense that is needed to complete ADLs. Age-related changes and macular or.
Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. It is thought to be caused by endolymphatic hydrops, or a buildup of fluid in the inner ear. While the exact mechanisms are unclear, it may involve disturbances in fluid homeostasis, genetics, migraines, and damage to inner ear ganglion cells. The document discusses the history, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology including histopathological findings, epidemiology, and experimental models of the disease.
Hearing is the important for the development of speech and verbal communication. Impairment of hearing may be congenital or acquired.
It may be temporary or permanent, organic or inorganic, central or peripheral in origin. Hearing defect can be mild, moderate, severe or profound. It is the most common handicapped conditions in children. It is found about 9 to 15 % among Indian school children.
Similar to Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Vocal Cord Paralysis (20)
The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) partnered with the College Diabetes Network (CDN) to provide incoming college students with type 1 diabetes resources to help them be successful and healthy. Through the Off to College program, students and parents receive free printed materials and information about managing diabetes in college. The program aims to help the over 70% of students who say they struggle with diabetes care while attending college.
American Cancer Society Forms National Lung Cancer RoundtableAngelo Consiglio
Angelo Consiglio, MD, possesses more than a decade of experience as an ear, nose, and throat physician. Currently, Dr. Angelo Consiglio treats patients through a practice in Marianna, Florida. Outside of work, he gives back to the community by supporting a range of organizations, including the American Cancer Society (ACS). This organization fuels research designed to detect, prevent, and treat a variety of cancers.
Golden Heart Senior Care - Complex Care Solutions for Senior CitizensAngelo Consiglio
A Marianna, Florida-based ear, nose, and throat physician, Angelo Consiglio, MD, owns and operates a solo practice where he treats children and adults alike. Additionally, Dr. Angelo Consiglio serves as the area representative of Southwest Florida for Golden Heart Senior Care, a network of senior care franchises with headquarters in Texas.
Chronic Sinusitis: Symptoms and When to See a DoctorAngelo Consiglio
Angelo Consiglio, MD, owns and operates Allergy Ear Nose & Throat, Inc., in Marianna, Florida. Dr. Angelo Consiglio's daily work with patients includes the treatment of sinus-related woes.
Common Ear, Nose, and Throat Problems - Allergic RhinitisAngelo Consiglio
Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is one of the most common conditions treated by ear, nose and throat doctors. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks harmless particles, triggering symptoms like sneezing. While some cases are mild and annoying, others can be severe or dangerous. Doctors conduct tests to identify a patient's allergens so they can take steps to avoid triggers and manage their symptoms.
AAO-HNS Patient Education - When to See a Doctor for a Sore ThroatAngelo Consiglio
This document from the American Academy of Otolaryngology discusses when to see a doctor for a sore throat. It notes that sore throats are usually caused by viruses or bacteria and can often be treated with fluids, gargling salt water, and over-the-counter medicines. It recommends seeing a doctor if a sore throat lasts more than a week or is accompanied by a high fever or difficulty breathing.
This document discusses understanding financial abuse of seniors. It notes that while elder abuse can take many forms, financial abuse and exploitation is becoming increasingly common, including forgery, theft, scams, and more. Seniors lose as much as $24 billion per year to financial abuse. Hiring unlicensed caregivers increases the risk of financial abuse, while contracting with licensed and bonded caregivers can significantly reduce that risk. Other potential abusers include family members with problems and dishonest business people who overcharge or deceive seniors.
Golden Heart Senior Care Protects Clients with Home Safe Program Angelo Consiglio
Golden Heart Senior Care provides in-home care services for seniors through its Home Safe program. The Home Safe program works to identify potential safety issues in clients' homes, make homes more accessible, and negotiate services with other providers. Golden Heart representatives meet with families to discuss risk factors and home maintenance needs so that informed decisions can be made about modifications. The program also installs medical alert devices and contacts law enforcement if elder abuse is suspected.
Treating Chronic Sinus Conditions through Balloon SinuplastyAngelo Consiglio
An otolaryngologist in Marianna, Florida, Dr. Angelo Consiglio treats patients for conditions of the upper respiratory tract. Emphasizing the latest techniques, Angelo Consiglio, MD, offers minimally invasive outpatient treatments such as balloon sinuplasty.
Balloon Sinuplasty - An Effective Way of Removing Sinus ObstructionsAngelo Consiglio
Based in Marianna, Florida, Dr. Angelo Consiglio offers patients experienced otolaryngology care and assists them in relieving persistent sinus problems. One advanced procedure Angelo Consiglio, MD, has performed for the past three years is balloon sinuplasty, which is used to reopen and reshape nasal passages without removing tissue.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis - A Widespread Issue Affecting the SinusesAngelo Consiglio
Dr. Angelo Consiglio is a respected Marianna, Florida, health care professional with more than a decade of experience treating patients for ear, nose, and throat conditions. Active in his professional community, Angelo Consiglio, MD, had the opportunity to attend the American Rhinologic Society (ARS)-sponsored Summer Sinus Symposium in Chicago.
Angelo Consiglio, MD, possesses more than 30 years of experience as a surgeon and physician in Illinois and Florida. A former clinical assistant professor of head and neck surgery at Loyola University Medical Center, Dr. Angelo Consiglio currently owns Allergy Ear Nose and Throat, Inc., where he serves as an otolaryngologist.
Balloon Sinus Dilation, A Noninvasive Way of Treating Chronic Sinusiti Angelo Consiglio
With extensive experience in otolaryngology, Marianna, Florida, medical practitioner Dr. Angelo Consiglio has treated patients for a wide range of sinus conditions. Committed to continuous education, Angelo Consiglio, MD, has trained in balloon sinus dilation, a leading edge technique for addressing chronic sinus issues.
The Differences between Balloon Sinuplasty and Traditional SurgeryAngelo Consiglio
Dr. Angelo Consiglio has worked for nearly three decades building an accomplished career as an otolaryngologist through positions at such medical centers as Mount Sinai Hospital and Jackson Hospital. As part of his professional growth, Angelo Consiglio, MD, remains current with emerging medical techniques like balloon sinus dilation.
Board certified by the American Board of Otolaryngology, Angelo Consiglio, MD, has practiced medicine for more than 30 years. Having received his medical degree from the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Dr. Angelo Consiglio of Marathon, Florida, is currently serving as the area representative of Southwest Florida with Golden Heart Senior Care. In addition to focusing on the daily care of senior patients, Dr. Consiglio is trained in managing rapid weight loss with the use of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
As head of Sinus and Allergy Center in Marianna, Florida, Angelo Consiglio, MD, treats a variety of surgical and nonsurgical conditions. Dr. Angelo Consiglio draws on extensive experience in the treatment of chronic sinusitis.
American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy to hold 75th Annual MeetingAngelo Consiglio
With more than three decades of experience, otolaryngologist Dr. Angelo Consiglio treats patients as a staff member at Jackson Hospital and owner of a private ear, nose, and throat practice in Marianna, Florida. Over the course of his career, Angelo Consiglio, MD, has maintained memberships in several organizations, including the American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy (AAOA).
As the owner of Allergy Ear Nose & Throat, Inc., Angelo Consiglio, MD, welcomes patients with a variety of conditions that affect the head and neck. Dr. Angelo Consiglio offers both medical and surgical options to patients with sinusitis.
Certified by the American Board of Otolaryngology and the Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy, Angelo Consiglio, MD, has more than 30 years of treating patients with from ear, nose, and throat disorders. Dr. Angelo Consiglio performs a procedure called balloon sinuplasty, which offers relief to patients experiencing sinus problems.
American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy Presents Allergy Course Angelo Consiglio
Angelo Consiglio, MD, serves as the area representative for Golden Heart Senior Care in Southwest Florida, where he assists in the provision of daily care for seniors. Also an experienced otolaryngologist with two decades of experience, Dr. Angelo Consiglio is a fellow of the American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy (AAOA). The AAOA continues to serve members through continuing medical education (CME) opportunities, such as the two-day Basic Course in Allergy and Immunology in July 2016.
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
2. Introduction
Dr. Angelo Consiglio has practiced in Florida since 2005.
In that time, Dr. Angelo Consiglio has treated such vocal
disorders as vocal cord paralysis.
When the nervous system does not correctly send
messages to the larynx, the vocal cord muscles may
cease to operate properly. This can interfere with a
patient's ability to speak or sing and affects breathing and
the proper protection of the airway when the patient
swallows.
Causes of such interference include injury to the area as
a result of blunt trauma or an improperly performed
medical procedure. Other patients may suffer vocal cord
paralysis as a secondary condition to tumors of the chest,
neck, or skull base, or as a result of an infection that
affects the vagus or laryngeal nerves.
3. Vocal Cord Paralysis
Diagnosis often follows a patient's report of vocal
changes, shortness of breath, or difficulty swallowing. A
physician will then examine the voice box visually and
potentially with the use of laryngeal electromyography
(LEMG), which assesses the extent of nerve disturbance.
A complete examination also helps the physician to know
whether the disorder affects one or both sides of the
larynx, a determination that in turn affects treatment
decision.
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis, which affects only one
side of the larynx, is often treatable with voice therapy,
injected medication, or surgery. Bilateral paralysis, by
contrast, most often requires surgical intervention to
correct the positioning of the affected tissue and/or
improve nerve function.