This document discusses carbon and its compounds. It begins by introducing carbon as an important non-metallic element that exists in both free and combined states in nature. It then distinguishes between organic carbon compounds found in living organisms and inorganic compounds found in non-living matter. The document goes on to describe several unique features of carbon, including its ability to form chains, exist in different allotropes like diamond and graphite, and form multiple bonds. It concludes by emphasizing carbon's abundance and importance to life.

1. CARBON AND ITS
COMPOUNDS
BY,
S.SWETHA
19PHY162
‘D’ SECTION

2. CARBON

3. INTRODUCTION
 Carbon is one of the most important non-metallic
element.
 Antoine Lavoisier named carbon from the latin word
“carbo” meaning coal.
 The earth’s crust contains only 0.032% of carbon
 Carbon is present in our muscles, bones, organs, blood
and other components of living matter.
 Catrbon chemistry is also called as Living Chemistry
because it exists in plants, animals and human

4. CARBON -CLASSIFICATION
 Carbon is found both I free state as well as
combined state in nature.
 In the pre-historic period, ancients are used to
manufacture charcoal by burning organic materials,
 Carbon is classified into two types. They are,
* Organic Carbon Compounds
* In organic Carbon Compounds

5. ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CARBON
COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC INORGANIC
Compounds of carbon
obtained from living
organisms such as plants
and animals.
Compounds containing
carbon but obtained from
non-living matter.
Eg., Ethanol
Cellulose
Starch
Eg., Calcium Carbonate
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon dioxide

6. SPECIAL FEATURES OF CARBON
Catenation
tetravalency
Multiple bonds
Isomerism
Allotropy

7. CATENATION

8. TETRAVALENCY

9. MULTIPLE BONDS

10. ISOMERISM

11. ALLOTROPY
 Allotropy or allotropism is the property of
some chemical elements to exist in two or
more different forms, in the same physical
state, known as allotropes of these
elements. Allotropes are different structural
modifications of an element; the atoms of
the element are bonded together in a
different manner.

13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIAMOND AND
GRAPHITE

14. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON AND ITS
COMPOUNDS
 Carbon is a non-metal found in various allotropic
forms from soft powder to hard powder.
 All the allotropic forms of carbon are solids whereas
its compounds exist in solid, liquid and gaseous
state
 Amorphous forms of carbon and graphite are
almost black in colour and opaque. Diamond is
transparent and shiny
 Its amorphous form have low melting and boiling
point compared to crystalline forms.
 Carbon is insoluble in water and other common
solvents.

15. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON AND ITS
COMPOUNDS
 Reaction with steam
Carbon reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide and
hydrogen. This mixture is called water gas.
C(s) + H(s)O(g) ➝ CO(g) + H2(g)
 Reaction with sulphur
With sulphur, carbon forms its disulphide at high
temperature.
C(s) + S(s) ➝ CS2(g)
 Reaction with metals
At elevated temperatures, carbon reacts with some
metals like iron, tungsten, Titanium, etc. to form their
carbides.
W(s) + C(g) ➝ WC(s)

16. CONCLUSION
All in all, Carbon is a very interesting
element. It being very abundant, but not in
pure form, it's occurrence in the core of
stars, and it's vitality to life makes it a
perfect element to study, search for, use in
alloys, and wear on jewelry.