Carbon is a non-metal that forms more compounds than any other element. It can form long chains and attach to other atoms due to its unique ability to bond with itself. Pure carbon exists in two allotropes, diamond and graphite, which have identical chemical composition but different physical properties due to variations in atomic structure. Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon and hydrogen, including saturated alkanes and unsaturated alkenes and alkynes, with alkenes containing double bonds and alkynes containing triple bonds between carbon atoms.

1. CARBON
&
ITS COMPOUNDS

2. CARBON
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3. CARBON
 Carbon belongs to the group IV of the periodic table.
 It has four electrons in its outermost orbit, so its
valency is four.
 Carbon is a non-metal.
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4. Compounds of Carbon are Widely
Distributed in Nature!!!!!!
 The number of carbon compounds is larger than that of
all other elements put together.
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5. Why so many Carbon Compounds in nature?
 Because carbon is chemically unique.
 Only carbon atoms have the ability to combine with
themselves to form long chains
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6. Carbon- Long Chains
 A long chain, in turn, provides a convenient
backbone of atoms to which other atoms can
attach themselves in a variety of ways
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7. Allotropes of Carbon
 In nature, pure carbon occur in two forms-
 Diamond
 Graphite
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8. What are Allotropes ?
 Allotropes are elements which are chemically
identical, but they differ markedly in their physical
properties.
 Diamond and Graphite – two allotropes of carbon
differ in their physical properties.
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9. Physical Properties of
Diamond and Graphite
Property Diamond Graphite
Appearance Transparent Black, Shiny
Hardness Very Hard Soft, slippery to
touch
Thermal
Conductivity
Very poor moderate
Electrical
Conductivity
Poor Good conductor
Density(kg/m3) 3510 2250
Uses Jewellery, drilling Dry cell, electric
arc, lubricant,
pencil lead
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10. How Diamond and Graphite are
chemically identical?
 These results of these experiments answer this
question:
 On heating diamond or graphite in the air, they burn
completely to form carbon dioxide.
 Equal quantities of diamond and graphite when
burned, produce exactly the same amount of carbon
dioxide.
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11. Why the physical properties of diamond
and graphite are so different?
 Due to the difference in the arrangement of
carbon atoms in diamond and graphite
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12. Hydrocarbons
 Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon and
hydrogen.
 The natural source of hydrocarbons is petroleum
(crude oil)
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13. The Simplest Hydrocarbon
 A molecule of methane has four hydrogen atoms
linked to one central atom of carbon.
Methane CH4
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14. H
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15. Alkanes
 The hydrocarbons methane, ethane propane and
butane form a series of carbon compounds
known as alkanes
 The alkane series can be represented by the
general formula
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16. Isomerism
 Compounds having the same molecular formulae but
different structural arrangement of atoms in them are
known as isomers, and the phenomenon is known as
isomerism
Isomers of Butane – Obtained by rearranging
the carbon and the hydrogen atoms
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17. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
 Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain a double or triple
bond between two carbon atoms.
 The one with double bond are called alkenes
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18. Alkenes
 An alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated chemical
compound containing at least one carbon–carbon double
bond
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19. Alkynes
 Unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain triple bond
between two carbon atoms.
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20. Conclusion
 Carbon, a non-metal, occurs in free as well as in
combined form
 All living creatures are based on it
Its amount in the earth’s crust and in the atmosphere is
quite meagre.
Carbon forms a large number of compounds with itself
and with the atoms of other elements
 Also many studies based on carbon are still going on…
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