Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Carbohydrates

1. Carbohydrates

2. Carbohydrates
 Hydrates of carbon
 Chemical composition of (CH2O)n
 Primary source of energy for our bodies
 Good source of fiber and vitamins
 Rich in phytonutrients
 Participate in many essential body functions
 Two types -simple and complex

3. Simple Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Fruits, milk, and vegetables
Simple sugars found in
refined sugar foods
e.g. sweets, cakes
Monosaccharides &
disaccharides

4. Complex Carbohydrates
Provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber
Found in breads, pasta, and starchy vegetables
Polysaccharides

5. Testing for Carbohydrates
Benedict's Test for Reducing
Sugars
Iodine Test for Starch

6. Benedict's Test
Used to test for presence of reducing sugars
all monosaccharides
disaccharides: lactose and maltose
Requires use of Benedict's Reagent
prepared from CuSO4, NaOH, tartaric acid

7. Benedict's Test
1.Dissolve food sample in water
2.Add small amount of Benedict's Reagent
3.Heat in water bath from 4 -10 minutes
4.Positive test indicated by a brick red solution

8. Iodine Test
Used to test for starch
Requires use of Iodine solution
dissolve iodine in potassium
iodide
How to test
1.Add Iodine solution directly to
food sample
2.A dark blue-black colour
indicates presence of starch

9. Carbohydrate Digestion
 Break down carbohydrate
into glucose
 able to be absorbed and used
by body
 Starch -extensive breakdown
 Disaccharides -broken down
once
 Monosaccharides -need not
be broken down
 Occurs throughout digestive
system
 Begins in mouth
chewing releases saliva
starch broken down by
enzymes into
polysaccharides and maltose

10. Digestion in the Stomach
 No enzymes available for starch breakdown
 Acid does minor breakdown
 Fibers provide feeling of "fullness“
Digestion in the Small Intestine
 Primary site of carbohydrate digestion
 Pancreatic enzyme reduces carbohydrates into glucose chains or
disaccharides
 Specific enzymes are present to fully reduce disaccharides
Digestion in the Large Intestine
 1 to 4 hours for sugars and starches to be fully digested
 Only fibers remain
 retain water to soften stool

11. Thank You!
Presented by
Amit Jaglan