Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon that come in two types - simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates are found in fruits, vegetables and dairy while complex carbohydrates are found in grains and starchy vegetables. Carbohydrates provide the body with its primary source of energy and also supply fiber, vitamins and minerals. Benedict's test and iodine test can identify the presence of reducing sugars and starch, respectively. Carbohydrates are broken down through digestion in the mouth, stomach and small intestine into glucose, which is then absorbed for energy or storage.

1. Carbohydrates

2. Carbohydrates
 Hydrates of carbon
 Chemical composition of (CH2O)n
 Primary source of energy for our bodies
 Good source of fiber and vitamins
 Rich in phytonutrients
 Participate in many essential body functions
 Two types -simple and complex

3. Simple Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Fruits, milk, and vegetables
Simple sugars found in
refined sugar foods
e.g. sweets, cakes
Monosaccharides &
disaccharides

4. Complex Carbohydrates
Provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber
Found in breads, pasta, and starchy vegetables
Polysaccharides

5. Testing for Carbohydrates
Benedict's Test for Reducing
Sugars
Iodine Test for Starch

6. Benedict's Test
Used to test for presence of reducing sugars
all monosaccharides
disaccharides: lactose and maltose
Requires use of Benedict's Reagent
prepared from CuSO4, NaOH, tartaric acid

7. Benedict's Test
1.Dissolve food sample in water
2.Add small amount of Benedict's Reagent
3.Heat in water bath from 4 -10 minutes
4.Positive test indicated by a brick red solution

8. Iodine Test
Used to test for starch
Requires use of Iodine solution
dissolve iodine in potassium
iodide
How to test
1.Add Iodine solution directly to
food sample
2.A dark blue-black colour
indicates presence of starch

9. Carbohydrate Digestion
 Break down carbohydrate
into glucose
 able to be absorbed and used
by body
 Starch -extensive breakdown
 Disaccharides -broken down
once
 Monosaccharides -need not
be broken down
 Occurs throughout digestive
system
 Begins in mouth
chewing releases saliva
starch broken down by
enzymes into
polysaccharides and maltose

10. Digestion in the Stomach
 No enzymes available for starch breakdown
 Acid does minor breakdown
 Fibers provide feeling of "fullness“
Digestion in the Small Intestine
 Primary site of carbohydrate digestion
 Pancreatic enzyme reduces carbohydrates into glucose chains or
disaccharides
 Specific enzymes are present to fully reduce disaccharides
Digestion in the Large Intestine
 1 to 4 hours for sugars and starches to be fully digested
 Only fibers remain
 retain water to soften stool

11. Thank You!
Presented by
Amit Jaglan