This document summarizes the carbohydrates, minerals, and metabolism of brain tissue. It notes that the main carbohydrates are triosephosphate, hexose, lactic acid, and pyruvic acid. Important minerals include sodium, potassium, copper, iron, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. The metabolism of nervous tissue requires a high amount of energy, especially in grey matter, and occurs primarily through the aerobic breakdown of glucose and amino acids. Neurotransmitters are synthesized in presynaptic terminals, stored in vesicles, released in response to nerve impulses, and terminated either through reuptake or enzymatic inactivation. Hyperammonia can stop the Krebs cycle, deplete ATP, accumulate glut

1. CARBOHYDRATE OF
BRAIN TISSUE

2. • Triosephosphate
• Hexose
• Lactic acid
• Pyruvic acid
Minerals: Ion, macromolecules and
micromolecules.
Na, K, Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg and P

3. Metabolism of nervous tissue
1. Needs high amount of energy
2. Even higher in grey matter
3. Aerobic environment
4. Anabolism takes place too
5. Main substrate is glucose
6. Metabolism of amino acids

8. NEUROTRANSMITTERS
1- Most are synthesized in presynaptic terminal
2- Once synthesized, they are stored in vesicles
3- Released in response to nerve impulse:
4- Termination: by: Reuptake of the neurotransmitter into
presynaptic terminal
Or Enzymatic inactivation

11. Glutamate Glutamine
Glutaminase

12. Metabolism of Ammonia
Hyperammonia – 1. Stops Kreb’s cycle
2. Depletion of ATP
3. Accumulation of Glu
and Gln
4. Changes in osmosis
5. Influx of water