Abstract In this paper, a systematic and quantitative view is presented for the application of time study in woodworking furniture industry. The study is done in panel conversion plant on five CNC machines for various operations. For the calculation of cycle time, machining time calculator is developed and the operation research technique of mathematical programming is used for the capacity calculation of product mix. This makes manager to make faster decision in outsourcing problem and to improve the financial performance of the company. Keywords - Capacity utilization, cycle time, linear programming, manufacturing, time study
Project Report on Maynard Operation Sequence Techniqueijtsrd
I did my 6 weeks industrial training at Maruti Suzuki India Ltd, Gurugram in the Assembly 1 Department under Production Division. The entire duration I was in the Assembly 1department. The first Week in the dept. office itself for M.O.S.T. study and techniques, then for the major part of June in Knuckle Sub Assembly Area and subsequent 4 Weeks on Line 4 and office of the department. Overall my project has been related to the standardization of man power for fluctuating production volumes of IGNIS YJC model and improvement in HPV. Majority of the time has been engaged in videography and subsequent M.O.S.T. analysis of the work stations. I have finished two projects in my tenure. Man Power Reduction was the basic principle underlying the M.O.S.T. project done. Ankur | Mr. Manish "Project Report on Maynard Operation Sequence Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31411.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31411/project-report-on-maynard-operation-sequence-technique/ankur
Improving productivity of apparel manufacturing system using value stream map...eSAT Journals
Abstract Traditional printing works in maximum garment industries are facing different problems like low productivity, longer production lead time, high rework and rejection, low flexibility, lower quality product, high non-value added work etc. In this study these different problems were identified by using numerous effective production control tools like process analysis, layout of work station, motion and time study, work standardization etc. The encouraging results after implementing these tools give the way to go forward and thrust to reach at the end point. Some key benefits of this implementation are decrease in sample rejection level by 70%, reduction of work level for repairing works by 80%. Value stream mapping has been used to identify the most bottleneck process. Eliminating bottleneck process results in reduction of excess motion and non-value added works by 50%. As a result, total processing time for final output is decreased. After the implementation of these tools effectively, the result shows a significant improvement of the production than before. Index Terms: Value stream mapping, Production control tools, Process analysis, Motion study, Time study.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
MANUFACTURING OF CNC MACHINES- TRAINING REPORT AT JYOTI CNCBhaumik Sheth
This is a presentation for my six weeks Industrial Training at Jyoti CNC aAutomation ltd., Rajkot.
It describes Process of manufacturing of CNC machines.
Have fun !
DO drop your comments !
Project Report on Maynard Operation Sequence Techniqueijtsrd
I did my 6 weeks industrial training at Maruti Suzuki India Ltd, Gurugram in the Assembly 1 Department under Production Division. The entire duration I was in the Assembly 1department. The first Week in the dept. office itself for M.O.S.T. study and techniques, then for the major part of June in Knuckle Sub Assembly Area and subsequent 4 Weeks on Line 4 and office of the department. Overall my project has been related to the standardization of man power for fluctuating production volumes of IGNIS YJC model and improvement in HPV. Majority of the time has been engaged in videography and subsequent M.O.S.T. analysis of the work stations. I have finished two projects in my tenure. Man Power Reduction was the basic principle underlying the M.O.S.T. project done. Ankur | Mr. Manish "Project Report on Maynard Operation Sequence Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31411.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31411/project-report-on-maynard-operation-sequence-technique/ankur
Improving productivity of apparel manufacturing system using value stream map...eSAT Journals
Abstract Traditional printing works in maximum garment industries are facing different problems like low productivity, longer production lead time, high rework and rejection, low flexibility, lower quality product, high non-value added work etc. In this study these different problems were identified by using numerous effective production control tools like process analysis, layout of work station, motion and time study, work standardization etc. The encouraging results after implementing these tools give the way to go forward and thrust to reach at the end point. Some key benefits of this implementation are decrease in sample rejection level by 70%, reduction of work level for repairing works by 80%. Value stream mapping has been used to identify the most bottleneck process. Eliminating bottleneck process results in reduction of excess motion and non-value added works by 50%. As a result, total processing time for final output is decreased. After the implementation of these tools effectively, the result shows a significant improvement of the production than before. Index Terms: Value stream mapping, Production control tools, Process analysis, Motion study, Time study.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
MANUFACTURING OF CNC MACHINES- TRAINING REPORT AT JYOTI CNCBhaumik Sheth
This is a presentation for my six weeks Industrial Training at Jyoti CNC aAutomation ltd., Rajkot.
It describes Process of manufacturing of CNC machines.
Have fun !
DO drop your comments !
Any firm typically made a large investment in a piece of capital machinery and, in theory, it could run 24 hour a day for seven days a week at its optimum Speed. If it did this you gain the maximum value from the investment. In reality there is number of element that can affect the value gained from the investment. So that fully utilization of equipment can be done. Hence for fully utilization of any equipment any firm must have to calculate OEE. This paper represents the methodology applied in increasing the OEE of an Organization by exchanging the feed mechanism from Bowl Feeder to a Conveyor.
Analysis of problems of biomass grinder integrated with briquetting planteSAT Journals
Abstract In briquetting plant, briquettes are produced through small pieces of soybean stalk, pigeon pea straw, lantana stalk, cotton stalk with moisture content below 10%. Biomass grinding machine is an important part of the briquetting plant, whose function is to convert aggregate material in to small pieces. Biomass grinder consists of mainly hammer, grate and shaft. Shaft is an essential component of grinding machine, when holds hammers, pulley and fan. The failures of shaft bearing were observed due to non uniform distribution of stress. The study was under taken to conduct simulation study of shaft for stress analysis with the help of FE software ANSYS 12.0.1. Keywords: Biomass Grinder, FEM, Stress-strain, Stepped Shaft
Design and Analysis of Chute System to obtain World Class OEEijsrd.com
A large investment in a piece of capital machinery and, in theory, it could run 24 hour a day for seven days a week at its optimum Speed. If it did this you gain the maximum value from the investment. In reality there is number of element that can affect the value gained from the investment. So that fully utilization of equipment can be done. Hence for fully utilization of any equipment any firm must have to calculate OEE. This paper represents the methodology applied in increasing the OEE of an Organization by exchanging the feed mechanism from a conveyor to a Chute system.
Ntioxidant study of usnic acid and its derivative usnic acid diacetateeSAT Journals
Abstract
Currently interest towards the study of antioxidant efficiency of the lichen metabolites was given prior attention in the field of research. As the free radical accumulation in human cells causes several chronic diseases which can be eliminated with the help of antioxidants. In our present study we have isolated the lichen secondary metabolite Usnic acid from Usnea luridorufa and also prepared the acetyl derivative of Usnic acid. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Usnic acid and Usnic acid diacetate under DPPH free radical scavenging, FRAP, Superoxide dismutase activity, Metal chelating activity, Phosphomolybdenum activity, Hydroxyl scavenging activity, Lipid peroxidation inhibiting activity were studied. The antioxidant potential of the Usnic acid and its derivative Usnic acid diacetate were compared. The IC50 value are also determined. Both the test compounds possesses significant antioxidant activity under the studies.
Keywords: Antioxidant efficiency, Usnic acid, diacetate, Tannic acid.
Automatic wiper using piezoelectric materialeSAT Journals
Abstract
‘Piezoelectric Material’ is a boon to the modern world where scarcity of resources is major problem. The project is all about
running the wiper of a vehicle by using piezoelectric effect. In this process, a circuit is build using components like piezoelectric
material, capacitor, relay and wiper motor. The circuit runs automatically when the rain drops presses the piezoelectric material
which generates electricity, which in turn is stored in capacitor till a required voltage, is reached to close the relay system to run
the wiper motor. This process helps us to utilize the kinetic energy of the rain drops which would otherwise have gone wasted in
the form of heat energy, sound energy and vibratory energy.
Key Words: Piezoelectric Effect, Transducer, Sensor, Wiper.
Impact of industries on ground water quality by comparison between hoshangaba...eSAT Journals
Abstract India is a developing country, so the industrialization is increasing day by day. Industrialization shows the growth of country but these industries also effects the ground water quality, in a direct manner as well as indirect manner. My case study aim to show impact of industries on ground water quality by comparison between an industrial (Mandideep) and non-industrial (Hoshangabad) area. For this, four different source of different locations are selected for analyzing the parameter pH, Total Hardness, Sulphate,Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), T.D.S., T.H., T.A ,compared theses result to WHO and ISI standards and also these parameters compared between both the cities. Keywords: Ground water quality, Pollution, Lake
Any firm typically made a large investment in a piece of capital machinery and, in theory, it could run 24 hour a day for seven days a week at its optimum Speed. If it did this you gain the maximum value from the investment. In reality there is number of element that can affect the value gained from the investment. So that fully utilization of equipment can be done. Hence for fully utilization of any equipment any firm must have to calculate OEE. This paper represents the methodology applied in increasing the OEE of an Organization by exchanging the feed mechanism from Bowl Feeder to a Conveyor.
Analysis of problems of biomass grinder integrated with briquetting planteSAT Journals
Abstract In briquetting plant, briquettes are produced through small pieces of soybean stalk, pigeon pea straw, lantana stalk, cotton stalk with moisture content below 10%. Biomass grinding machine is an important part of the briquetting plant, whose function is to convert aggregate material in to small pieces. Biomass grinder consists of mainly hammer, grate and shaft. Shaft is an essential component of grinding machine, when holds hammers, pulley and fan. The failures of shaft bearing were observed due to non uniform distribution of stress. The study was under taken to conduct simulation study of shaft for stress analysis with the help of FE software ANSYS 12.0.1. Keywords: Biomass Grinder, FEM, Stress-strain, Stepped Shaft
Design and Analysis of Chute System to obtain World Class OEEijsrd.com
A large investment in a piece of capital machinery and, in theory, it could run 24 hour a day for seven days a week at its optimum Speed. If it did this you gain the maximum value from the investment. In reality there is number of element that can affect the value gained from the investment. So that fully utilization of equipment can be done. Hence for fully utilization of any equipment any firm must have to calculate OEE. This paper represents the methodology applied in increasing the OEE of an Organization by exchanging the feed mechanism from a conveyor to a Chute system.
Ntioxidant study of usnic acid and its derivative usnic acid diacetateeSAT Journals
Abstract
Currently interest towards the study of antioxidant efficiency of the lichen metabolites was given prior attention in the field of research. As the free radical accumulation in human cells causes several chronic diseases which can be eliminated with the help of antioxidants. In our present study we have isolated the lichen secondary metabolite Usnic acid from Usnea luridorufa and also prepared the acetyl derivative of Usnic acid. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Usnic acid and Usnic acid diacetate under DPPH free radical scavenging, FRAP, Superoxide dismutase activity, Metal chelating activity, Phosphomolybdenum activity, Hydroxyl scavenging activity, Lipid peroxidation inhibiting activity were studied. The antioxidant potential of the Usnic acid and its derivative Usnic acid diacetate were compared. The IC50 value are also determined. Both the test compounds possesses significant antioxidant activity under the studies.
Keywords: Antioxidant efficiency, Usnic acid, diacetate, Tannic acid.
Automatic wiper using piezoelectric materialeSAT Journals
Abstract
‘Piezoelectric Material’ is a boon to the modern world where scarcity of resources is major problem. The project is all about
running the wiper of a vehicle by using piezoelectric effect. In this process, a circuit is build using components like piezoelectric
material, capacitor, relay and wiper motor. The circuit runs automatically when the rain drops presses the piezoelectric material
which generates electricity, which in turn is stored in capacitor till a required voltage, is reached to close the relay system to run
the wiper motor. This process helps us to utilize the kinetic energy of the rain drops which would otherwise have gone wasted in
the form of heat energy, sound energy and vibratory energy.
Key Words: Piezoelectric Effect, Transducer, Sensor, Wiper.
Impact of industries on ground water quality by comparison between hoshangaba...eSAT Journals
Abstract India is a developing country, so the industrialization is increasing day by day. Industrialization shows the growth of country but these industries also effects the ground water quality, in a direct manner as well as indirect manner. My case study aim to show impact of industries on ground water quality by comparison between an industrial (Mandideep) and non-industrial (Hoshangabad) area. For this, four different source of different locations are selected for analyzing the parameter pH, Total Hardness, Sulphate,Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), T.D.S., T.H., T.A ,compared theses result to WHO and ISI standards and also these parameters compared between both the cities. Keywords: Ground water quality, Pollution, Lake
Enhanced equally distributed load balancing algorithm for cloud computingeSAT Journals
Abstract Cloud Computing as the name suggests, it is a style of computing where different users uses the resources on the go i.e. over the Internet. In the recent era, this technology has emerged as a strong option for not only large scale organizations but also for small scale organizations that only access/use the resources what they want. In recent research study, many organizations lose significant part of their revenues in handling the requests given by the clients over the web servers i.e. unable to balance the load for web servers which results in loss of data, delay in time and increased costs. This Paper gives a new enhanced load balancing algorithm by which the performance of their web application can be increased. This Algorithm works on the major drawbacks such as delay in time, response to request ratio etc.
Investigation on the behaviour of alfa composite in pre and post heat treated...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Of the many types of particulate reinforcements fly ash is one type that is being used from the recent past to develop the composites. In the current research fly ash is reinforced in the aluminium alloy AA2024 to develop ALFA (ALuminium Fly Ash) composites. The stir casting technique is employed in the development of the said composite as this technique is economical and would produce a composite with fairly uniform distribution of the fly ash reinforcement in the alloy matrix. The fly ash was added in 2.5 and 5% by weight to the molten metal. Increase in the percentage weight of fly ash reinforcement resulted improvement in the mechanical properties. The composite is tested for hardness, tensile strength and wear performance under pre-heat treatment, as quenched and in peak hardened conditions. The peak hardened composite showed a superior hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance than the others.
Keywords: stir casting, fly ash composites, heat treatment, and characterization
A low noise band pass filter using an x-band injection-locked gunn oscillatoreSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, we report the design and implementation of a low-noise, tunable, active microwave band pass filter (BPF) which
incorporates an injection-locked Gunn oscillator. The BPF has a centre frequency of 10.30 GHz and a 3-dB bandwidth of 52
MHz. Calculation shows that this active BPF can reduce the input signal AM noise by at least 38 dB. This BPF possesses signal
amplification as well as signal tracking property.
Keywords: Injection-locking, Bandpass filter, X-band, Gunn oscillator, Amplitude noise.
Delay measurement technique using signature register for small delay defect d...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper proposes an method for testing a circuit in order to improve defect coverage of delays due to resistive open and close. The proposed method uses a signature analysis and a scan design to detect small delay defects. This measures the delay of the explicitly sensitized paths with the resolution of the on-chip variable clock generator. The proposed scan design measures the small delay in short measurement time by delay measurement technique and extra latches for storing the test vectors. By evaluating with Rohm 0.18-μm process shows that the measurement time is 67.8% reduced compared with that of the delay measurement with standard scan design and the area overhead is larger than that of the delay measurement architecture using standard scan design. Index Terms: Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), Large Scale Integration (LSI), Design for Testability (DFT)
A concept based model for product development in the emerging marketeSAT Journals
Abstract Emerging market like Asia and Africa are opening a big room of opportunities to do business. The companies which are already globally recognized have started acknowledging this issue and they are making their product and business strategies according to the user perceptions of these growing markets. In these markets where the bigger players are already present, how the local players and new companies can survive and harness the market profits in this competitive environment. This research work provides a conceptual model which can help the local and new companies in increasing their market share and profits within a short time period. This model listen’s the voice of customer and it also accounts the market trend, while designing or planning a product. Multi-factor evaluation process (MFEP) is used in this product development model and an exploratory example of mobile product is also given to clarify the implementation of this model. Keywords= Product technical specifications, New product development, Product design strategy, Voice of customer, Multi- Factor evaluation process (MFEP)
Department, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering for Women, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
With the wide - spread use of image retrieval in various areas such as crime investigation, medical diagnosis, intellectual
property rights, etc, today’s need is to enhance the image retrieval process. In our research, we are combining Text Based Image
Retrieval (TBIR) method with Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) method to enhance image retrieval. The base of CBIR is to
extract different image features, such as Color, Shape and Texture. To improve the accuracy, we are using combination of most
efficient feature extraction algorithms. We are using RGB to Lab conversion for color feature extraction, Modified Canny edge
detection algorithm with variable sigma for shape feature extraction, Framelet transform method for texture feature extraction.
For improving the speed of image retrieval process using TBIR, we are implementing automatic annotation technique. Images are
annotated automatically without human intervention. It improves speed. Approximately one to two thousand images are stored in
the database. Features are extracted from these images and stored into the database. Query images are processed in the similar
way and similarity matching between query and database images is done through Hybrid Graph method. For that purpose, we
have to generate image to image graph from extracted feature vectors and image to tag graph from database. Combining both
these graphs, we get the Hybrid graph. Thus, the process of image retrieval is becoming efficient in both terms accuracy and time.
Also, user can give input in terms of query image or textual query or sketch. This improves human – friendliness of this system.
Keywords: feature extraction, Lab, Modified Canny detection, Framelet transform, automatic annotation, similarity
matching, Hybrid Graph, etc.
Comparison of the performance of trsaodv with aodv under blackhole attack in ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A MANET is a self configuring, decentralized network of mobile nodes with limited energy and bandwidth. They have dynamic
topology which means their topology keeps changing. These bring lot of challenges in routing. Since there is no central authority
the mobile nodes act both as hosts as well as routers. They provide great comfort due to their portability and ease of installation
with no infrastructure but their nature brings in security issues which could not be compromised which paves way for extensive
research. They are vulnerable to many attacks and one such attack, Black hole Attack is implanted and a Trust based AODV,
TRSAODV has been proposed to overcome the attack and a comparative analysis of proposed TRSAODV with AODV is done in
this paper.
KeyWords: MANET; Blackhole Attack; AODV; Trust; TRSAODV;
Friction and wear behavior of disc brake pad material using banana peel powdereSAT Journals
Abstract
Brake Pad material is a heterogeneous material and is composed of a few elements and each element has its own function. The ideal brake material should have constant coefficient of friction under various operating conditions such as applied loads, temperature, speeds and mode of braking. During adverse braking conditions excessive frictional heat is generated which results in the drop of coefficient of friction of the brake pad material. This drop in coefficient of friction is due to the degradation of resin which is associated with the loos of its binding ability. In order to maintain constant coefficient of friction at higher temperature new brake pad material has been formulated which retains the binding ability of the resin. The formulation of new brake pad material includes four friction composites containing 13 ingredients including phenolic resin and banana peel powder as a modified binder. A reciprocating friction monitor is used to carry friction and wear tests. Three tests via t1, t2 and t3 with different loads and temperatures were conducted for duration of 10 minutes. The results showed that the coefficient of friction increased at higher temperature and friction and wear characteristics indicate that banana peel powder can be effectively used to increase the binding ability of phenolic resin at higher temperature.
Keywords: Brake pad; Banana peel powder; Phenolic resin; Friction; Wear
Design and implementation of path planning algorithm for wheeled mobile robot...eSAT Journals
Abstract Path planning in mobile robots must ensure optimality of the path. The optimality achieved may be in path, time, energy consumed etc. Path planning in robots also depends on the environment in which it operates like, static or dynamic, known or unknown etc. Global path planning using A* algorithm and genetic algorithm is investigated in this paper. A known dynamic environment, in which a control station will compute the shortest path and communicate to the mobile robot and the mobile robot, will traverse through this path to reach the goal. The control station will keep track of the path traversed by the robot. The mobile robot navigates through the shortest path and if the robot detects any obstacle in the destined path, the mobile robot will update the information about the environment and this information together with the current location will be communicated to the control station. Then the control station, with the updated map of the environment and new starting location and destination recalculates the new shortest path, if any, and will communicate to the mobile robot so that it can reach the destination. The technique has been implemented and tested extensively in real-world experiments and simulation runs. The results demonstrate that the technique effectively calculates the shortest path in known dynamic environment and allows the robot to quickly accomplish the mission.
Simulation and experimental studies for lateral extrusion of square and penta...eSAT Journals
Abstract Recently, in different industries a surging trend has been observed in the demand of integral parts instead of assembled parts due to their increased strength. The components from lateral extrusion process are suitable for this purpose. Variations in load and flow direction of metal are greatly affected by the extruded geometry in this process. Keeping in view the above factors as an objective, an experimental die-punch set-up for lateral extrusion is designed and the process is simulated using finite element method both for estimation of load requirement and metal flow patterns. Experimental studies have been carried out to find the extrusion load and the direction of metal flow at different die geometry, taking lead as the billet material. The predictions both in extrusion load and the deformed configuration are in good agreement with the experiment qualitatively under different geometry conditions. Progressive flow of metal at different die geometry has also been studied. Index Terms: Die-punch, Finite element analysis, Forming load, Lateral extrusion, Metal flow pattern
Study effects of various dosage of polypropylene fiber and different dosage o...eSAT Journals
Abstract The perception of use polymer modified mortar is well known in repair engineering, which includes various % of styrene butadiene rubber, acrylic and other materials. The worry should not be solely with repair materials but with the uses to which they are being to put and lack of awarenessof material during application, Material (say mortar) and end product(composite repair)will not perform and then less durable. In this paper, effects of 10%, 15%and 20% of SBR in polymer modified mortar as well as polypropylene fibre in the range of 0% to 1% on compressive strength has been studied.
Design and analysis of a tubular space frame chassis of a high performance ra...eSAT Journals
Abstract Formula Student Racing competitions are held at various Formula SAE circuits globally. Students from different colleges worldwide thrive to build a Formula style race car to compete at these events. In lieu to the competition rules and regulations it is important to design the chassis of the car with utmost priority. The major challenge posed is to design and fabricate a light weight car without compromising on the safety of the driver. The car has to be rigidly fabricated at minimal expense. The work in this paper is based on the team NITK Racing’s Car; the DICV NR XIV. This paper showcases various methods of material selection, design optimization techniques and Finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS. The basic design is based on the anthropological data of the specified human (95th percentile male) allowing fast ingress and egress from the car. Following the final design selection the static structural analysis of the car was done and the consequent results have been plotted. The entire design and analysis process is based on FSAE 2013 rule book and knowledge of designing and manufacturing yesteryear’s car. Keywords: ergonomics, finite element analysis, roll cage, torsional rigidity, tubular space frame chassis, and validation test setup
Design and analysis of drive shaft for heavy duty truckeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drive shafts in commercial heavy duty vehicle are subjected to cyclic loads due to variation in the torque demanded by the
varying road loads. Cases of failure of the drive shaft of heavy duty trucks have been reported, which provides an opportunity to
investigate the issue.
In this project an attempt has been made on prediction of fatigue life of the drive shaft using FEA technique. The load spectrum
acting on the drive shaft is calculated for specified terrain. Structural analysis was carried out on the FE model of drive shaft, and
potential areas of high stress concentration are obtained. Von Mises stress, fatigue damage, fatigue life, factor of safety and total
deformation are the results of fatigue analysis.
It was observed that from the static analysis that the roots of the splines are the areas of high stress concentration. The fatigue
analysis revels that the drive shaft fails in the region of high stress concentration as expected. The fatigue life of the component is
found to be infinite for design pay load. The life of the drive shaft for 40% and 50% over load is 69806 kilometers and 20564
kilometers respectively. The present work can be used in automobile industry as a reference for predicting life of any component,
in the drive line of the automobile subjected to non constant amplitude loading.
Keywords: Fatigue, Cumulative Damage, Stress-life, Duty cycle, Numerical Fatigue Analysis, Palmgren-Miner Linear
damage rule, Rain-flow cycle counting.
Utilization of pulverized plastic in cement concrete as fine aggregateeSAT Journals
Abstract Disposal of used Plastics is a major problem in the present era, as the usage of plastics is growing day by day and it takes hundreds of years for plastic material to degrade. So effective ways to recycle & reuse of plastics are being formulated. According to their composition, plastics have been classified into seven types each having their own recycle rate. One such type HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) was taken into consideration as it was easily available & had higher density than other types. The used plastics were collected , ground into smaller components , melted & pulverized in order to get granules of plastic of about 1mm size. The density of the Pulverized plastic was found to be 460 kg/m3 & its specific gravity was 0.46. Sieve analyses were carried out & about 75% of the plastics were found to be in the range of 1 -1.7mm. 45 nos. of 15cm x15cm x15cm cement concrete Cubes of 1:1:2 (M 25) mix were cast for 0% ,25% , 50% , 75% , 100 % sand being replaced with Pulverized plastic material. Volumetric proportioning was adopted instead of design mix since the density of plastic material was too low. Workability test, weight and compressive strength of the cubes were determined. The test results revealed that the yield as well as the ultimate strength of concrete at seventh day decreased by about 3 to 3.2 N/mm2 for 25%replacement & 4 to 6.5 N/mm2 for higher replacements of Plastic when compared to conventional concrete The ultimate as well as the yield strength of concrete at 14th day & 28th day decreased by about 0.2 to 1 N/mm2for 25%replacement & 9.1 to 14.6 N/mm2 for higher replacements of Plastic when compared to conventional concrete The water Cement ratio was also found to increase with the proportion of Plastics for a slump of 10 mm & weight of the cube decreased with an increase in replacement of Sand by Plastic Material. Thus it is inferred that Replacement of sand by plastic up to 25% can be adopted so that disposal of used plastic can be done as well the deficiency of Natural aggregates can be managed effectively.
Implementation of a Cellular Manufacturing Tool for Minimization of Non Value...IJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to develop a plan for reducing lead-times and increasing profit of Centre bolt product by using value stream mapping. The Centre bolt product manufacturer is inefficient because it produces products in large batch quantities and has poor product flow as operations being departmentalized and departments are very far away from each other due to this increase in lead-times could cause a loss in the market share to its competitors. The Centre bolt product manufacturer must reduce its lead-times in order to remain competitive and continue its growth by providing quality products in a timely manner. A study will be carried out using value stream mapping to determine areas of potential improvement on the plant floor. A current state map will be developed and analyzed the areas that have potential for improvement. A future state map will then be created to suggest ways to reduce lead-times and increase profit. The map will include lean manufacturing methods to reduce wastes in the system; increasing profit and reducing lead-times. Current state and future state of manufacturing of a firm are compared and witnessed: 50 percent reduction in lead time, 4 percent reduction in processing time, 58.5 percent reduction in WIP and 22 percent reduction in manpower required to perform same amount of work.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Balancing the line by using heuristic method based on cpm in salbp –a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
In mass production systems, line balancing plays a great role, but this is not easy even if it is a simple straight line. So, in order to
solve these problems Heuristic methods are very much desirable. It is also found that Heuristic methods play a great role in the
formation of metaheuristic methods.Therefore it is very much important to use more efficient heuristic methods. In this research
paper we presents a heuristic method that is based on critical path method for simple assembly line balancing. This research is
mainly concerned with objectives of minimizing the number of workstations, improvement of smoothness index, mean absolute
deviation (MAD) and increasing line efficiency.
Keywords-Heuristic methods,Assembly line balancing problem, Critical path method, Simple assembly line balancing.
Design and fabrication of modular fixture for cmm inspectioneSAT Journals
Abstract This paper is on design and fabrication of modular fixture setup relative to inspection on co-ordinate Measuring Machine proposed and planned to increase the utilization of Co-ordinate Measuring Machine with respect to inspection activity by reducing setup time. The modular fixture design will hold component of different configuration, size and shape without much efforts to locate, align and clamp the components on the fixture. The modular fixture will ensure that even though the component is of different configuration will have one time design and setup configuration which will be standardized by assembly of fixture and then on fixture setup time will be less than a minute on the machine that to only if fixture is disturbed / removed from the Co-ordinate Measuring Machine table. Modular fixture will reduce setup time, hence increase opportunity to utilize the machine for useful value adding inspection purpose rather than setup activity which is noted to be non value adding activity. Along with design of modular fixture standardized method of component setup strategy is provided as work instructions to ensure components are mounted same way each time and every time whenever it is in use irrespective of time and resource.
Experimental Study of Setup Time Reduction in CNC Machine Shopijtsrd
The significance of process duration decrease in CNC machines is should in current world, or, in other words fabricating cost decrease for the focused market. To begin with, numerous organizations are attempting to accomplish Just In Time JIT benefits. They need each required segment accessible at the point it is required, wiping out the need to stock any of the related parts. Since lessening burn time will enhance through put of employments, process duration decrease is a noteworthy supporter of any genuine JIT program. Second, diminishing process duration enhances an organizations adaptability. It causes them to run any activity whenever without overburdening setup individuals or machine devices. Third, obviously organizations need to enhance overall revenues. The quicker a creation run can be finished, the more benefit an organization can make. Furthermore, forward, rivalry manages that an organization has the capacity to cite the most minimal conceivable cost. Since most organizations quote employments dependent on a machines shop rate in Rupees every hour of utilization, they can cite lower landing more positions if process duration can be limited i.e. the process duration diminished is immediate benefit made with no capital speculation and lessened work. Velliyangiri. J | Dr. Prakash. E | Dr. Anandha moorthy. A ""Experimental Study of Setup Time Reduction in CNC Machine Shop"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22975.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/22975/experimental-study-of-setup-time-reduction-in-cnc-machine-shop/velliyangiri-j
The Impact of Lean Production on the Cycle Time: A Case Study of a Welding As...ijsrd.com
The growing global competition is forcing the organisations to reduce the cost for increasing the profit. Lean manufacturing is a powerful tool for attaining this. The history of lean manufacturing starts from the craft production of 1900's. It is evolved through the contributions of F.W. Taylor, Henry Ford, Eiji Toyoda & Taiichi Ohno. The main concept of the lean manufacturing is the reduction in cost by eliminating waste. However, not all lean implementations have produced such results. In this study, a critical examination of lean manufacturing implementation experience at the welding department of a medium size industry located in Kerala, India. . Cycle time reduction is an important way by eliminating or reducing non-value-added activities. To reduce the overall cycle time of manufacturing, the cycle time of each sub-assembly needs to be reduced. Reducing cycle time will have a significant impact on a company's bottom line when implemented. The outcome of this study leads to substantial reduction in cycle time, reduced defects, better utilization of human resource and machines, and reduced cost of maintenance. It has been proved and validated by an empirical relation. The cause and effect diagram is used for analysing the cycle time reduction. The Quality control chart is also used. The improved return on investment (ROI) and reduction in cycle time shows the feasibility. The data for this study were obtained through interviews, Questionnaire survey and archival sources.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract Nowadays in a competitive market, companies require small lead times, low costs and high customer service levels. As such, companies pay more effort to reduce lead time. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) techniques are used in some big companies like Toyota. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is the one of the lean manufacturing tool. This paper addresses the implementation of value stream mapping in automotive industry. Value Stream mapping aim is identified waste in terms of non-value added activities. Current State Map is prepared to give details about the existing position and identify various problem areas. Future State Map is made to show the implementation action plan. A case study carried out in Lear Corporation Halol. Keywords: Value Stream Mapping, Lead time, Lean manufacturing tool
Development of fixture_to_reduce_the_cycle_time_of_c_8_griding_machineLaukik Raut
“What a difference a second makes” – a quote from an empowered employee. Just one second over a ten
second continuous cycle can mean your line runs consistently 10% faster, the difference between comfortably
achieving tight production schedules or continually being capacity constrained.[1] This work presents a new
approach for the reduction of process cycle time and its impact on a company's competitive edge. Reduction in
cycle time has been gaining significant attention in recent times. The shorter cycle times effect in higher
consumer satisfaction, lower manufacturing rate, higher yield, and better potential given tool inventory and
facility constraints. This research paper provides a brief review of core approaches related to cycle time and
also describes a methodology for cycle time reduction in any manufacturing and automobile production
industry. It includes the assessment and potential gains of the projected cycle time reduction methodology
Abstract: Tolerance synthesis and machining parameter have been recognized as key issue for process design and development. Manufacture of product in desired shape with desired characteristics and properties depend not only on design of product but also on selection of appropriate manufacturing process. This paper describes process selection methodology, cycle time calculation machine selection.
This paper i.e. Process Design and Development of Engine Block is related to process design. When a company has to introduce number of products, once decision on design and product is made then, one of the crucial step that the company has to take is how to manufacture that product, comes under process design. Process design tells us thoroughly how product is made, which machines are used, cutting parameter etc.
The purpose of this process is to design process for engine block with weekly production at 3 blocks without affecting existing production of KV block with capacity of 113 blocks per week, arrange flow of part at shop floor in order to minimize the loss of time. Scheduling in production management is therefore very basic function in manufacturing and it has to be well match with process planning.
Manufacturing Lead Time Reduction in Monoblock (SWJ) Pump Industry [irjet-v4 ...PERUMALSAMY M
Manufacturing lead time is the time required to produce product from its raw materials to final product.A company has to fulfill its customer needs to sustain in this competitive world. Lean has served the manufacturing sector with speed and quality. This project aims at lead time reduction in pump manufacturing company. Value Stream Map(VSM) served as an initiative for identifying bottlenecks process and waste in the manufacturing line; current state map is drawn by the observation made on the shop floor. The takt time is calculated for the demand to find out the bottleneck operations. After identifying the bottleneck operations line balancing is done. The Work In Process (WIP) inventory is reduced by balancing the workstation. Future state map is developed in the perspective of reduction of lead time and to match the takt time with bottleneck process. After line balancing implementation, the lead time for assembly of the SWJ pump is reduced 32 percent and work in process inventory is reduced 25 percent.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Capacity utilization for product mix using operation based time standard evaluation
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 139
CAPACITY UTILIZATION FOR PRODUCT MIX USING OPERATION
BASED TIME STANDARD EVALUATION
Sandeep A. Chowriwar1
, Ishan P. Lade2
, Pranay B. Sawaitul3
, Sachin M. Kamble4
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, G. H. Raisoni Academy of Engineering & Technology, Nagpur (MH), India
2, 4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering, Technology & Research, Wardha (MH)
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anjuman College of Engineering & Technology, Nagpur (MH), India
Abstract
In this paper, a systematic and quantitative view is presented for the application of time study in woodworking furniture industry. The
study is done in panel conversion plant on five CNC machines for various operations. For the calculation of cycle time, machining
time calculator is developed and the operation research technique of mathematical programming is used for the capacity calculation
of product mix. This makes manager to make faster decision in outsourcing problem and to improve the financial performance of the
company.
Keywords - Capacity utilization, cycle time, linear programming, manufacturing, time study.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
In the world of competitive business every enterprise wants to
earn maximum profit with minimum inputs. Continuous
improvement in the product is required for the survival of the
industry in the global competition. Setting the time standard
for different product is vital success of any enterprise. Time
study gives the cycle time of the products on various machines
which help in the capacity utilization calculations. From the
manufacturing perspective, cycle time is one of the most
important variables in manufacturing organizations. In this
study, the woodworking organization encounters the very
often situation of surplus demand than its capacity to
manufacture. Because the company want to grab all the
market demand in order to prevent other major competitors
from penetrating the market and at the same time maintains
the company reputation for on time delivery of products. The
study is done in woodworking (modular furniture) industry
based in central India.
1.1 Capacity Planning
Capacity planning is the determination of capacity and
adjustment of capacity to changing demand. Capacity decision
has direct influence on resource productivity and customer
satisfaction. Excess capacity results in low productivity. Due
to under-utilization of resource while inadequate capacity
results in poor customer service through delayed delivery
goods. Capacity planning is basically matching the resource to
demand. In case of stable demand, capacity planning becomes
simple. But fluctuation in demand creates problems of
acquisition of resources to match the demand. Creation of
capacity involves substantial investment. For manufacturing
firm, creation of capacity means investment in resources like
labor, machines and equipment etc. while for service
organization, it means creation of more space, furniture, other
accessories and equipments.
2. CASE STUDY
Central India based company having panel conversion plant
(PCP) which manufactures five different types of product on
five CNC rover machines at different prices. The company’s
present production process have job order production of
various products which having product wise routing in which
various operation are done with respect to product
specification. The product wise routing is time consuming
because one product gets lot of time due to various
components and it is very difficult to take the timings. The
system of the company has standard norms for standard
products. If the products gets changes, then ultimately the
norms also changes and thus the cycle time of the product also
changes. Therefore there is loss in efficiency, utilization of
man and machine.
In this study all the information related to raw material cost,
hourly rate, selling price, demand, operation time, etc were
collected. We have choose the five product given them name
as A = prelamstorage@702, B = prelamstorage@1275, C =
cabinet@1200, D = credenza@1350, E = pedestal on five
CNC rover machine namely rover-20, rover B3, rover30,
rover35, morby.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 140
Table 1: Time study sheet of the company’ product
ELE.
NO.
ELEMENT DESCRIPTION RATING
N. TIME
(SEC.)
NO OF
READIN
GS
AVG.
TIME
(SEC)
OCC.
NORM.T
IME
(SEC.)
1 Load panel on CNC & reverse 100 125.0 10.0 12.5 1:1 12.5
2
Reset against stopper, insure
clamping ,operate start button
100 108.0 10.0 10.8 1:1 10.8
3 Auto cycle LH 100 88.0 1.0 88.0 1:1 88.0
4 Clean dust by air 100 87.0 9.0 9.7 1:1 9.7
5
Operate clamping switch, reverse
panel & unload the panel
100 112.0 9.0 12.4 1:1 12.4
6 Load panel on CNC & reverse 100 90.0 7.0 12.9 1:1 12.9
7
Reset against stopper, insure
clamping ,operate start button
100 94.0 7.0 13.4 1:1 13.4
8 Auto cycle RH 100 88.0 1.0 88.0 1:1 88.0
9 Clean dust by air 100 80.0 8.0 10.0 1:1 10.0
10
Operate clamping switch, reverse
panel & unload panel
100 78.0 8.0 9.8 1:1 9.8
STD time = Normal time + (Normal time x allowance) =
176+176 X (0.13) = 198.9
As the time study sheet shows the auto cycle readings(cycle
time) of CNC machine for particular product, this cycle time
readings has to be noted from time to time for particular
product. It is very difficult to note the cycle time again and
again. To avoid this we have develop small software
MACHINING TIME CALCULATOR in ms excel sheet for
calculation of operation (element) wise timing. The element
wise time reading is taken for various sizes of drill, face drill,
KD/counter, grooving, hafle hole, routing and sizing, hinge
etc. The time is taken for various element machines wise. The
data like feed rate, speed of machine is entered in the software.
2.1 Advantages
There is no need to take the cycle time (Autocycle)
again and again
The operations having same cycle time are defined
The output will get as the total machining time on
each rover machine
If new product comes, then it is useful to find out the
new product lead time
This helps in improving the efficiency of machine
To know the capacity and resource calculation
Meeting the delivery commitments of the customers
Fig 1 Image of Machining Time Calculator software
3. ANALYSIS & CALCULATION OF TIME
3.1 Calculation of Machining Time:
The machining time for the five products is calculated on the
Machining Time Calculator with the help of drawing sheet on
various CNC ROVER machines. The five machines will give
the different machining time for above products. The
machining time is calculated for different components of the
respective products. The components wise machining time is
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 141
obtain and output time will get in seconds. The machining
time calculator gives the graph which shows the lead time of
product on various machines. For example the graph for
product A is shown in figure.
Fig 2 Machining Time in Sec for Product A
3.2 Calculation of Weekly Capacity
The weekly capacity of work centre is shown in table 2.
There are 5 machines, they run daily for 2 shifts (each of 8
hour shift) and 6 working days in a week i.e. (16x6x60 =5760
min). The setup time to be booked with small setup =
5min/setup and big setup = 10 min/setup. Therefore
(45x5+0x10 = 225). The data of setup time is taken from
company. Weekly capacity is calculated as (total weekly time
– time lost due to setups). ie (5760-225) = 5535 min = 332100
sec.
Table 2: shows weekly capacity of various machines
Machine Weekly time Small setup
Big
setup
Total
Weekly
capacity (min)
Weekly capacity
(sec)
R20 (M1) 5760 45 0 225 5535 332100
B3 (M2) 5760 15.75 3 108.75 5651.25 339075
R30 (M3) 5760 15.12 24.5 318.12 5441.88 326512.8
R35 (M4) 5760 57.62 6.125 349.35 5410.65 324639
MORBY(M5) 5760 27.125 0 135.625 5624.38 337462.8
Table 3: shows the cycle time and capacity utilization
Machine Time/product at various work centers, in sec
Weekly capacity
of machine
A B C D E
R20 569.17 525.76 522.93 682.69 347.21 332100
B3 670.11 641.51 620.91 768.05 400.09 339075
R30 709.37 650.52 620.18 795.27 400.36 326512.8
R35 749.74 639.01 610.39 798.58 390.28 324639
Morby 794.39 733.68 826.65 1074.2 396.1 337462.8
569.177
670.11
709.371
749.735
794.39
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
MACHINES
ROV
ER-
20
B-03
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 142
4. FOMULATION OF MATHEMATICAL
PROBLEM (LP)
Let the company with m resources (1,2,…m) and n product
(1,2,….n).
Let the 𝑘𝑖 is the capacity per week in sec for particular
machine.
Let 𝑎 𝑛 is the processing time in sec to process a product say A
Raw material price = 𝑅 𝐴
Market price = 𝑀𝐴
Market demand = 𝐷𝐴
Cycle time = 𝑎1,𝑏1,𝑐1,𝑑1,𝑒1 Products = A,B,C,D,E
No. of products manufactured in company = 𝑍𝑖
Outsource price = 𝑆𝑖
Due to capacity constraints company can manufacture𝑍𝑖.
𝑍𝑖≤𝐷𝑖
The LP objective function as follows
𝑍 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑀𝐴-𝑅 𝐴) A+ (𝑀 𝐵-𝑅 𝐵) B + (𝑀 𝐶-𝑅 𝐶) C + (𝑀 𝐷-𝑅 𝐷) +
(𝑀 𝐸-𝑅 𝐸) E
Subject to
M1 𝑎1A+𝑏1B+𝑐1C+𝑑1D+𝑒1E ≤𝑘𝑖1
M2 𝑎2A+𝑏2B+𝑐2C+𝑑2D+𝑒2E ≤𝑘𝑖2
M3 𝑎3A+𝑏3B+𝑐3C+𝑑3D+𝑒3E ≤𝑘𝑖3
M4 𝑎4A+𝑏4B+𝑐4C+𝑑4D+𝑒4E ≤𝑘𝑖4
M5 𝑎5A+𝑏5B+𝑐5C+𝑑5D+𝑒5E ≤𝑘𝑖5
4.1 Formulation of a Problem by using Simplex
Technique:
𝑍 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑀𝐴-𝑅 𝐴) A+ (𝑀 𝐵-𝑅 𝐵) B + (𝑀 𝐶-𝑅 𝐶) C + (𝑀 𝐷-𝑅 𝐷) +
(𝑀 𝐸-𝑅 𝐸) E
Maximize Z = 1166.67A + 1166.67B + 1666.67C + 1083.34D
+ 833.34E
subject to
569.17A + 525.76B + 522.93C + 682.688D + 347.208E
<=332100
670.11A + 641.506B + 620.91C + 768.045D + 400.091E <=
339075
709.371A+650.517B+620.18C+795.271D+400.362E<=32651
2.8
749.735A
+639.005B+610.394C+798.577D+390.278E<=324639
794.39A + 733.678B + 826.645C + 1074.229D + 396.101E
<= 337462.8
Market Constraints
A<= 80, B<= 100, C<= 100, D<= 70, E<= 400
The resulting optimum product mix is to manufacture 29, 100,
100, 0,400 of A, B, C, D, E respectively.
5. METHODOLOGY FOR LINEAR
PROGRAMMING ANALYSIS
The market selling price of product A is 7000. The raw
material cost for product A is 7000/1.2=5833.33=𝑅 𝐴 .
Considering the 20% profit. The (𝑀𝐴-𝑅 𝐴) = 1166.67, from the
table 5 the contractor price for all the products A,B,C,D,E, are
6200,6500,7500,6000,4800 respectively. The throughput per
manufacturing unit of A can be calculated as (market price x
(company profit% /100). The throughput per contracted unit is
calculated as contractor price minus raw material cost i.e.
(6200-5600=600). All the calculations are done in Indian
currency.
Table 4: shows the machine hr rate and cost for product
Machine R20 B3 R30 R35 MORBY
Cost/hr 364 520 520 401 548
Product A B C D E
Machine time 569.177 641.506 620.18 798.577 396.101
Machine time hr 0.158105 0.178196 0.172272 0.221827 0.110028
Cost for product 57.55012 92.66198 89.58156 88.9526 60.29537
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 143
The total throughput manufactured in company is equal to the
throughput per manufactured unit x units to manufacture.
Units contracted outside = market demand – units to
manufacture. The total throughput contract is calculated as
(throughput per contracted unit x units contracted outside). i.e
(600 x 51=30600).
The product throughput is the sum of total throughput
manufactured in company and total throughput contract.
Overall throughput is the summation of total product
throughput for all the products. Similarly throughputs for other
products are calculated.
From the table 4 the cost for product is calculated as cost/hr x
machine time hr. The cost for product is also called as
operating expenses (OE). Similarly OE for other products is
calculated. The product OE in company mfg is the product of
OE and units to manufacture. The summation of product OE
in company mfg for all the products is calculated. The
highlighted portion shows the input variables.
Table 5: shows the LP analysis result
Details
Product
A B C D E
Contractor Price 6200 6500 9500 6000 4800
Market price 7000 7000 10000 6500 5000
Company Profit % 20 20 20 20 20
Raw material cost/Unit 5600 5600 8000 5200 4000
Contractor profit 600 900 1500 800 800
Company Profit 1400 1400 2000 1300 1000
Market Demand 80 100 100 70 400
Units to manufacture 29 100 100 0 400
Throughput/ mf. Unit 1400 1400 2000 1300 1000
Total throughput mfg in
company
40600 140000 200000 0 400000
Units contracted outside 51 0 0 70 0
Throughput/ contracted
Unit
600 900 1500 800 800
Total throughput
contract
30600 0 0 56000 0
Total product
throughput
71200 140000 200000 56000 400000
Overall throughput (I) 867200
Operating expenses OE 44011.46
Net profit (I-OE) 823188.5
Product
A B C D E
OE 57.55012 92.66198 89.58156 88.9526 60.29537
Product OE in company
mfg.
1668.953 9266.198 8958.156 0 24118.15
Total OE company mfg. 44011.46
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 144
Fig 3: units to be manufactured and outsourced
6. RESULTS
In LP analysis, net profit obtain is Rs 823188.5
The resulting optimum product mix that is to
manufacture 29, 100, 100, 0,400 of A, B, C, D, E
respectively
To outsource 51 of A and 70 of D
Operating expenses is Rs 44011.46
7. CONCLUSION
The setting of time standards helps in the achievement of
production targets of the company. Application of machining
time calculator helps in calculation of auto cycle reading with
the help of drawing sheet. When new product comes then we
can decide the cycle time with help of machining time
calculator. Due to this there is no need to study the timing of
operation again and again. In capacity utilization for the
product mix, the LP model is simple and helps the manager to
make faster decision in outsourcing problem with maximum
throughput. When demand exceeds the capacity, the suggested
model guides the exact quantity to be manufactured as well as
the quantity to be outsourced. The model is simple to use and
requires only two variables to compute, one is contractor’s
profit and another is work time in resource. It is also requested
to consider setup time during study as this having significant
impact.
REFERENCES
[1]. Carl R Lindenmeyer 2001, How to design and conduct a
computer integrated time study with active element
performance rating(CITS APR).
[2]. Dr.C.K Jain,Bharat Chede, Aparna Soni,2007 Quantitative
analysis of capacity constrained resources for theory of
constraints in manufacturing. ICRTME (2007) IP26-IP34.
[3]. P S Chakraborty, G Majumdar, B Sarkar, 2006,
Constraints resource management and production related
decision-a case study. IE (I) Journal-PR Vol86, 2006, 48-53.
[4]. Edverd J. Williams and Cilia Ortiz, 1996, Steel production
method improvement study, Advances in Industrial
engineering applications and practice.324-329.
[5]. S.A.Oke, 2006, A case study application of time study
model in an aluminum company. The pacific journal of
science and technology volume (7) number (2). 153-162.
[6]. Iain S. MacLeod, 2003, Real world effectiveness of
ergonomic methods. Applied Ergonomics 34 (2003) 465-477.
[7]. Jason J. Saleem, Brian M. Kleiner, Maury A. Nussbaum,
2003, Emperical evaluation of training and work analysis tool
for participatory ergonomics, International Journal of
industrial ergonomics, 31(2003)387-396.
[8]. Stefano Apolloni, Marcello Lando, Matteo Savino,1984,
Advanced techniques of theory of constraints and activity
based costing for scheduling of high technology production
lines. North river press Inc 1984.
[9]. Industrial Engineering and Production Management by
Martand Telsang.
[10]. Industrial Engineering and Management by O. P.
Khanna.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
A B C D E
units to be
manufactured
in company
units to be
outsourced