Abstract Formula Student Racing competitions are held at various Formula SAE circuits globally. Students from different colleges worldwide thrive to build a Formula style race car to compete at these events. In lieu to the competition rules and regulations it is important to design the chassis of the car with utmost priority. The major challenge posed is to design and fabricate a light weight car without compromising on the safety of the driver. The car has to be rigidly fabricated at minimal expense. The work in this paper is based on the team NITK Racing’s Car; the DICV NR XIV. This paper showcases various methods of material selection, design optimization techniques and Finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS. The basic design is based on the anthropological data of the specified human (95th percentile male) allowing fast ingress and egress from the car. Following the final design selection the static structural analysis of the car was done and the consequent results have been plotted. The entire design and analysis process is based on FSAE 2013 rule book and knowledge of designing and manufacturing yesteryear’s car. Keywords: ergonomics, finite element analysis, roll cage, torsional rigidity, tubular space frame chassis, and validation test setup
What is a Chassis?
Different Types of Chassis
Ladder frame chassis
Tubular space frame chassis
Aluminum space frame
ULSAB Monocoque chassis
Back bone frame chassis
Introduction to Monocoque Design
What is Monocoque construction?
Where is this used?
Origin of Monocoque design
History of Monocoque Frame
simple chassis design considerations used for the purpose of presentations in colleges as well as in any industries. i also gives the classification of chassis.
Structural Analysis of Ladder Chassis Frame for Jeep Using Ansys IJMER
Automotive chassis frame is an important part of an automobile. The automotive chassis
frame is the structural backbone of any vehicle. The main function of chassis frame is to support the
body, different parts of an automobile and topayload placed upon it.The chassis frame has to withstand
the stresses developed as well as deformation occurs in it and to withstand the shock, twist vibration
and other stresses. Its principle function is to carry the maximum load for all designed operating
condition safelythat should be within a limit. On chassis, frame maximum shear stress and deflection
under maximum load are important criteria for design andanalysis. In these projects, we
havecalculated the von mises stress and shear stress for the chassis frame and the finite element
analysis has been donefor the validation on the chassis frame model of jeep. We have taken certain
material as Mild sheet steel, aluminium alloy and titanium alloy for the rectangular hollow box type to
design chassis frame of jeep.
Software used in this project, CATIA V5-[Product 1] for design purpose and ANSYS 14 is used for
analysis.
What is a Chassis?
Different Types of Chassis
Ladder frame chassis
Tubular space frame chassis
Aluminum space frame
ULSAB Monocoque chassis
Back bone frame chassis
Introduction to Monocoque Design
What is Monocoque construction?
Where is this used?
Origin of Monocoque design
History of Monocoque Frame
simple chassis design considerations used for the purpose of presentations in colleges as well as in any industries. i also gives the classification of chassis.
Structural Analysis of Ladder Chassis Frame for Jeep Using Ansys IJMER
Automotive chassis frame is an important part of an automobile. The automotive chassis
frame is the structural backbone of any vehicle. The main function of chassis frame is to support the
body, different parts of an automobile and topayload placed upon it.The chassis frame has to withstand
the stresses developed as well as deformation occurs in it and to withstand the shock, twist vibration
and other stresses. Its principle function is to carry the maximum load for all designed operating
condition safelythat should be within a limit. On chassis, frame maximum shear stress and deflection
under maximum load are important criteria for design andanalysis. In these projects, we
havecalculated the von mises stress and shear stress for the chassis frame and the finite element
analysis has been donefor the validation on the chassis frame model of jeep. We have taken certain
material as Mild sheet steel, aluminium alloy and titanium alloy for the rectangular hollow box type to
design chassis frame of jeep.
Software used in this project, CATIA V5-[Product 1] for design purpose and ANSYS 14 is used for
analysis.
Frame is a ladder shaped structure with two longitudinal rails/beams (Frame side members) and properly located many integrating and reinforcing cross members, which form the ladder structure that is used as the interface/platform between the power package and the body package in Automobiles.
Frame and Body of Automobile
Introduction to chassis, Classification of chassis, Conventional chassis,
Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
Drives open now - email us drive@formulawinter.com
Race internationally on F3-class single seaters - FASTEST RACING CAR IN ASIA. This F3-class series features a full carbon fibre chassis from Dallara, powered by a 2-litre Renault engine and a well-matched Hewland six-speed sequential gearbox. Top speed 240 kph.Increasingly the choice of racers from UK, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
A detailed information deck that on this series and the drive package – which is quite simple and all-inclusive.
Frame is a ladder shaped structure with two longitudinal rails/beams (Frame side members) and properly located many integrating and reinforcing cross members, which form the ladder structure that is used as the interface/platform between the power package and the body package in Automobiles.
Frame and Body of Automobile
Introduction to chassis, Classification of chassis, Conventional chassis,
Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
Drives open now - email us drive@formulawinter.com
Race internationally on F3-class single seaters - FASTEST RACING CAR IN ASIA. This F3-class series features a full carbon fibre chassis from Dallara, powered by a 2-litre Renault engine and a well-matched Hewland six-speed sequential gearbox. Top speed 240 kph.Increasingly the choice of racers from UK, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
A detailed information deck that on this series and the drive package – which is quite simple and all-inclusive.
UWE Racing's 2014 Class 1 Launch Event PresentationUWERacing
These are the slides that were used in conjunction with presentations for the UWE Racing UWE2014 launch event. The video of the event will be uploaded shortly onto our YouTube Channel http://www.youtube.com/user/uweracing
Please do check us out.
The motivating and inspirational talks from the heads of department, the Institute of Mechanical Engineers’ George Hopkins, The Pro Vice-Chancellor and Executive Dean Professor Paul Olomolaiye, and concluding of the unveiling of the UWER2014 Chassis by the Chair of the South Gloucestershire Council Ian Boulton.
The team presented all of our hard work put in during the long days and nights that preceded the event, with presentations from all of the design leaders, along with business’ Costing, Planning and Marketing leaders. These were well received by both the department and most importantly the industry leaders who attended the event.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
ANALYSIS OF SPACE FRAME OF FORMULA SAE AT HIGH SPEED WITH ERGONOMIC AND VIBRA...IAEME Publication
This paper introduces a design and analysis methodology of space frame chassis in the context of ending new and innovative design principle by means of optimization techniques. The design is according to the Formula SAE International rule book. Our paper emphasis on the driver safety, ergonomics of the driver according to the rule book in which we calculate the critical conditions of the race track, emphasis on the vehicle head on collision, rear impact test, torsional rigidity test, vibrational analysis of roll cage (space frame chassis) and side impact to make that chassis under the design limits and having the factor of safety 1-2.5 having a material of chromoly 4130 which is selected as an optimum material for design.
In This presentation the team representative Arun Raj shares about Ashwa's journey from Dream to Deliver. And how they used Lean and Agile flavours to achieve it.
Taxi Top Advertisement service launched by Bandira Addis Map Entertainment PLC. Our main web services are given through our portals: www.AddisMap.com , www.map.et and our newest www.taxi.map.et
Ashwa Racing - History-Present-Future- 2014Ashwa RACING
Ashwa Racing has ventured into Combustion Formula style race car prototypes since 2003 until recently also diversified into developing Hybrid and Electric Formula style race car prototype. Key reason being to participate in the Hybrid category of the Formula Student SAE event. This being a strategy driven initiative which will help the team in expanding its technical expertise as well as being in tune with green technology requirements.
Moreover, ashwa Racing aspires to be a part of niche club of Indian teams participating in the Formula Hybrid event. The Hybrid event poses a great deal of challenges before the students, requiring a harmonious blend of both mechanical and electrical aspects of engineering to build a worthy prototype.
The Team works in a very organized manner just like an Industry and attaining standards of an International Formula Student Racing team and the team is structured in such a way so as to produce all round individuals and capable engineers .
Marketing Presentation of Team Tom-Car Vikings participating 5th consecutive times in SAE BAJA India. This year we are promoting and branding all sponsors and making this project beneficial to the team for the further manufacturing of ATV (All-Terrain Vehicle)
A manufacturing process study for a formula style racecar chassis. Project\'s objective was to reduce manufacturing costs by simplifying certain parts of the frame while maintaining satisfactory rigidity.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design analysis of the roll cage for all terrain vehicleeSAT Journals
Abstract We have tried to design an all terrain vehicle that meets international standards and is also cost effective at the same time. We have focused on every point of roll cage to improve the performance of vehicle without failure of roll cage. We began the task of designing by conducting extensive research of ATV roll cage through finite element analysis. A roll cage is a skeleton of an ATV. The roll cage not only forms the structural base but also a 3-D shell surrounding the occupant which protects the occupant in case of impact and roll over incidents. The roll cage also adds to the aesthetics of a vehicle. The design and development comprises of material selection, chassis and frame design, cross section determination, determining strength requirements of roll cage, stress analysis and simulations to test the ATV against failure. Keywords: Roll cage, material, finite element analysis, strength
Optimization study on trailer arm chassis by finite element methodeSAT Journals
Abstract: Chassis is the important part of an automobile. It supports the body and different parts of an automobile. Chassis consists of engine, brakes, power train, steering system and wheels mounted on a frame. Ƭhe frame is the main part of the chassis on which remaining parts of chassis are placed. Ƭhe chassis should be rigid enough to withstand the twist, shock, stresses, vibrations and bending moments to which it is subjected while vehicle is moving on road. Ƭhe trailer arm chassis frame has to carry and sustain the heavy loads which are applied on it. Hence it is very important to design and analysis of the trailer arm chassis frame. Ƭhe design of trailer arm chassis is carried out by taking the base model structure of chassis as a standard. The optimization technique to redesign Chassis (Frame) of a trailer is carried out here. The trailer had dimensional limits and must be able to reduce the overall size and shape and still lift the same amount of load. Different load cases with given boundary conditions & loadings are used. Ƭo improve the performance of the chassis finite element analysis is carried for various alternatives. Ƭhe analysis is performed by varying the thickness, shape and material to get the best possible design of the chassis. Static analysis is carried out for both basic and modified designs to determine the high stress regions, maximum displacement, and normal stress at critical positions of the chassis. Normal modal analysis for base model is carried out to find the first natural frequency. Normal modal analysis is carried out for all modified designs to improve the first natural frequency of the chassis in order to avoid the resonance. The whole challenging task, starting with pre processing, analysis and post processing is completed using Altair’s HyperMesh, Abaqus and HyperView FE package. Key Words: Trailer arm chassis, Static analysis and Modal analysis.
Design and analysis of an electric karteSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the design and analysis of an electric motor powered kart. The main aim of this paper is to reduce the usage of organic fuel powered vehicles and to design a vehicle which works efficiently in the emerging electric vehicle sector. In order to maintain the speed levels of the kart, seamless decision was made in motor selection. Alternate materials have been applied in the kart to reduce both static and dynamic forces in pursuance of improving the efficiency and performance of the kart. Detailed design of subsystems like chassis frame, steering system, electrical power train and braking mechanism has been done effectively. The main focus of the frame design was on the stability of the kart and safety of the driver. The CAD model of the kart was done in CREO 2.0. Aluminium alloy 6063 has been employed for the frame to reduce the overall weight. To check the feasibility of the frame design, finite element analysis has been done using ANSYS 14.5. The results obtained showed that the frame design was safe under maximal impact load conditions. Weight reduction was a major concern and hence linkage type steering was selected for the kart. Motor, the heart of the electric vehicle was selected and installed in such a way that it can perform well for an extended run time. PMDC motor was selected in this case. Speed control of the kart was done using a voltage controller. The kart is provided with a timing belt drive to achieve maximum efficiency in transmission of power from the motor to the wheels. Hydraulic disc brakes were provided for smooth and effective braking under both dry and wet conditions. Slick tires are used to provide more traction. Design calculations were carried out and optimum results were obtained. An extensive market survey was also done on frame material, brakes, motor, transmission system for cost and availability. International standards were followed throughout the design process. Keywords: Stability, Frame, Finite Element Analysis, PMDC Motor, Timing belt
Design of Efficycle- Human Powered Light Weight Hybrid Tricycle with Inbuilt ...ABHAY TIWARI
Any innovation or technology cannot be possible until and unless the work is not done by a team. In such a manner members
of Team GARUD (participants of SAE-NIS 2015), who are highly motivated individuals are recklessly working towards the
realization of this goal since its very inception. This paper provides in detail, about the design considerations, and methodology
used in designing and developing it. The designing of the vehicle has done on SOLID-WORKS 2014 while the design analysis
has done on ANSYS-2014. Various lightweight approaches like a lightweight seat, wheel, steering have also adopted. The
innovations include the use of rear wheel steering instead of conventional front wheel steering that meets the need of the
market and can be produced by a fictitious firm effectively so, Human powered hybrid vehicle presents the new milestone in
the realm of “Green technology”.
Model development and the shape optimization analysis of a rear knuckle for r...eSAT Journals
Abstract Automotive motorsport sector demands lightweight car component that directly contributes to fuel efficiency of a race car. Currently, EIMA Race Car got issues with the car weight. The current knuckle is heavy and did not undergo design process and analysis. The race cars need to compete with others in a 15 laps of endurance race. Refueling is prohibited during the race, thus it is very important to ensure the parts are in top condition and lightweight. By using the selected method and optimization tool for the rear knuckle, this paper looks into the design and development of a knuckle for EIMA race car. Solidworks has been used as a design tool and analysis process. The final design then undergoes an optimization process and the proposed design has been fabricated. The result can be considered successful as the new design is 70% lighter than the current rear knuckle. Keywords: Product Design, simulation, race car knuckle, lightweight, optimization.
Similar to Design and analysis of a tubular space frame chassis of a high performance race car (20)
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Design and analysis of a tubular space frame chassis of a high performance race car
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 497
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A TUBULAR SPACE FRAME CHASSIS OF
A HIGH PERFORMANCE RACE CAR
Prajwal Kumar M. P1
, Vivek Muralidharan2
, G. Madhusudhana3
1, 2
Bachelor Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, INDIA
3
Bachelor Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract
Formula Student Racing competitions are held at various Formula SAE circuits globally. Students from different colleges worldwide
thrive to build a Formula style race car to compete at these events. In lieu to the competition rules and regulations it is important to
design the chassis of the car with utmost priority. The major challenge posed is to design and fabricate a light weight car without
compromising on the safety of the driver. The car has to be rigidly fabricated at minimal expense. The work in this paper is based on
the team NITK Racing’s Car; the DICV NR XIV. This paper showcases various methods of material selection, design optimization
techniques and Finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS. The basic design is based on the anthropological data of the specified
human (95th
percentile male) allowing fast ingress and egress from the car. Following the final design selection the static structural
analysis of the car was done and the consequent results have been plotted. The entire design and analysis process is based on FSAE
2013 rule book and knowledge of designing and manufacturing yesteryear’s car.
Keywords: ergonomics, finite element analysis, roll cage, torsional rigidity, tubular space frame chassis, and validation
test setup
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Formula Student racing competitions attracts collegiate racing
teams from all across the globe to compete in the Formula
SAE events. The competition consists of various sub events
for which points are given and cumulative score is recorded
for deciding the ranks. Following the technical inspection are
the sub events which include the static events like tilt test,
brake test, cost report presentation, engineering design report
and business presentation, dynamic events like acceleration
test, skid pad, autocross and endurance test. In this high octane
scenario a car is expected to perform high on acceleration,
handling, braking, aesthetics, ergonomics, fabrication and
maintenance with least investment in fabrication without
compromising on safety of the driver. This paper corresponds
to the work carried out by NITK Racing team to build the
DICV NR XIV car in order to participate in FSAE Racing
events in Europe in 2014. The team has previously cherished a
rank of 33 at the Formula Student Hungary Competition in
2012 and is expecting to perform nonchalantly at the fore
coming International Formula Student Competition at the
Formula Student China during the year 2014. The car is
engineered using yesteryear’s knowledge and various papers
cited abiding by all the rules in the FSAE Rule book 2013 [1].
2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
A Space frame chassis was chosen over a monocoque in spite
of being heavy, as its manufacturing is cost-effective, requires
simple tools and damages to the chassis can be easily rectified.
The chassis design started with fixing of suspension mounting
coordinates and engine hard points.
2.1 Basic Design
During the initial stages of chassis design four major cross
sections of the chassis namely, the front roll hoop, the main
roll hoop, the front bulk head and the rear bulk head were
fixed. The position of the main roll hoop was fixed
considering the engine mounting points and the drive shaft
positions that were fixed earlier, a bare minimum space was
utilized for the engine and the drive train components and
provided maximum space in the driver cockpit area for higher
comfort.
The size of the cockpit was decided abiding by the Article 4 of
FSAE Rule book 2013 [1] with large amount of tolerance to
incorporate 95th percentile male driver and larger cockpit area
to keep batteries and install fuel tank.
Front bulk head marks the front end of a tubular space frame
chassis. The position of this cross section was fixed based on
the length of the manikin’s leg room. The front roll hoop was
fixed at an angle to have suspension nodes on the members.
Links from the front bulk head to the front roll hoop were
made such as to include the other two pairs of suspension hard
points.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 498
Main roll hoop was roughly designed at same optimum angle
with constraint.
Design of the rear side of the car was made to include
suspension hard points at the nodes. The design was
completed by triangulation of members and abiding by Rule
book 2013 [1] and iterating angle of Main roll hoop to get the
best fit.
Static structural testing was done using ANSYS Workbench to
validate the design. Weaker links and less effective links were
improved by modifying their positions and/or adding new
links. Structural analysis and modifications to chassis design
was done repeatedly till convincing values were obtained.
Fig -1: Design dependence on ergonomics
2.2 Material Selection
The chassis undergoes various kinds of forces during
locomotion, it has to stay intact without yielding, and it should
be stiff to absorb vibrations, also it should resist high
temperatures. The material property of the chassis is an
important criterion while designing and manufacturing the car.
A tubular space frame chassis was chosen over a monocoque
chassis despite being heavier because, its manufacturing is
cost effective requires simple tools and damages to the chassis
can be easily rectified. The two very commonly used
materials for making the space frame chassis are Chromium
Molybdenum steel (Chromoly) and SAE-AISI 1018. Both
these materials were analyzed for different parameters and
finally decided on to use Chromoly steel 4130 for making the
tubular space frame chassis because of several reasons.
SAE 1018 grade steel is better in terms of Thermal properties
but weaker than Chromoly in terms of strength. But the main
priority of design is safety for the driver hence the material
with better stiffness and strength was chosen. The material
should not cause any failure even under extreme conditions of
driving as defined in the rule book. Chromoly steel 4130
exhibits better structural property than SAE 1018 Grade steel
hence the former was considered as the basic material for
building a tubular space frame chassis. Even though the cost
of Chromoly is marginally higher than that of SAE 1018 grade
steel, the safety of the driver remains the utmost priority for
the team.
Table -1: Material Properties
3. SIMULATION
Structural analysis of the chassis was done along with design
optimization until a convincing design with sufficient rigidity
was produced and it cleared all regulations by the FSAE Rule
book. The static structural analysis was done in ANSYS
Workbench under different constraints mentioned in the
Article 4.0 in FSAE Rule book 2013 [1]. Methods of Stiffness
and rigidity test of the car as explained by Riley and George,
2002 [4] were primarily followed throughout the analysis
process. Application of loads over the chassis was in
correspondence to the work of R.P. Singh, 2010 [5]. The
maximum deformation is well within the permissible limit of
not more than 25mm in any direction.
Mesh Structure: Fine
Minimum mesh element length: 1.79x10^-3 mm
Nodes: 43090
Elements: 20725
Young’s modulus: 210 GPa
Poisson’s ratio: 0.27
PROPERTIES [2],[3]
SAE AISI
1018
Chromoly
4130 Steel
Density (g/cc) 7.8 7.8
Young’s Modulus (GPa) 210 210
Elongation at break (%) 19 19
Brinell Hardness 120 200
Strength to weight ratio at
Yield (kN-m/kg)
38 100
Yield Strength (MPa) 360 480
Ultimate Strength (MPa) 420 590
Thermal Conductivity:
Ambient (W-m/K)
50 42
Thermal Expansion: 20C to
100C (µm/m-K)
11 12
Specific Heat Capacity
Conventional (J/kg-K)
370 370
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 499
Table -2: Finite Element Analysis Results
The torsional rigidity of the chassis was found out to be 2550
Nm/deg using the method explained by Riley and George,
2002 [3].
Fig -2: Torsional Rigidity using ANSYS Workbench
4. MANUFACTURING
All the chassis members were precisely measured and cut to
the design specifications. The 2-D profiling of each member
was made in Solid Works. The final profiling of the member
ends was completed. The main roll hoop and the front roll
hoop were manufactured separately as they had to be bent
precisely. The front roll hoop and the main roll hoop were
bent into desired shape using a CNC bending machine.
Fixtures were then made using hollow mild steel pipes for
supporting the members during welding. A 8mm thick flat
plate of dimension 3feet x 9feet was taken as a bottom
reference plane for manufacturing the chassis. Front bulk
head, front roll hoop and the main roll hoop consists of
members that lie in the same plane (as in Fig. -3) hence they
were placed on the reference plane and welded. Then they
were clamped on to the fixtures and all the other intermediate
members connecting them were welded in place. The chassis
was welded using Gas Tungsten Arc-welding while the
fixtures were welded using Shielded Metal Arc welding.
Fig -3: Basic Roll cage element
5. VALIDATION
A Validation test setup was manufactured for experimentally
testing the torsional rigidity of the chassis in the manner
explained by J.P. Blessing, 2004 [6]. The setup consists of
mainly three parts. Two stand supports for constraining each
left and right uprights in the front and a swing arm to constrain
the rear uprights and to connect a laser pointer to measure
deflection. A measuring scale was placed at an optimum
known distance from the roll axis. Resolution was be
increased by increasing the distance between roll axis and
measuring scale.
The front left and right uprights were mounted rigidly on the
left and right support stands respectively. The laser points the
readings on the vertical measuring scale. A known force is
applied along the ends of the swinging arm about the roll axis
to obtain a known value of moment.
Fig -4: Torsional Rigidity setup
For calculating the torsional rigidity of the chassis, the
moment acting along the roll axis is determined using (1). It is
basically the product of the mass suspended at the edge of the
torsional rigidity setup and the distance between vertical axis
containing the suspended mass and the roll axis as shown in
Test
Maximum
deformation
(mm)
Maximum
Von
Misses
Stress
(MPa)
Factor
of
Safety
Load at the top of
main roll hoop
5.8934 409.78 1.171
Load at the top of
front roll hoop
6.6777 452.06 1.062
Side impact
Loading
2.5052 87.207 5.504
Load at Shoulder
Harness
6.2169 338.68 1.417
Torsional Rigidity 1.1219 74.752 6.421
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 500
Fig. -5. Angular deviation in the chassis is measured with
required resolution using (2) and finally the torsional rigidity
or the stiffness of the chassis of the car is calculated using (3).
Fig -5: Moment diagram
M = F x La (1)
M is the moment applied about roll axis measured in N-m
tan θ = d / l (2)
θ is the angular deviation of the chassis about roll axis in
degrees
K = M / θ (3)
K is the torsional rigidity of the chassis measured in N-
m/deg
Fig -6: Chassis mounted on Torsional Rigidity Setup
Experimental values obtained of Moment and deflection was
plotted in Matlab and the best suited linear polynomial fit was
performed to get the slope from the Moment vs Angle of
deflection curve. Experimental results obtained are a good
approximation of the analysis carried out using ANSYS.
The Torsional Rigidity or the Stiffness of the chassis obtained
from experimental means is about 2314 N-m/degree and it is
comparable to the value obtained from ANSYS.
Chart -1: Experimental results
5. CONCLUSIONS
The tubular space frame chassis fabricated for the car DICV
NR XIV is safe as it has been analyzed to withstand all
possible forces that it might encounter in a racing circuit. It
has been made as light as possible while not compromising on
the strength of the chassis. The manufacturing of the chassis
has been carried out in a very professional manner and the
final product adheres to the design. The chassis has also been
validated for its torsional rigidity to ensure the final chassis is
in tandem with the analysis.
SCOPE FOR FUTURE
The numbers of permutations in which triangulations can be
done and the chassis can be designed are infinite and one can
try and optimize the chassis design by further reducing the
weight. This paper can serve as reference for further
improving the design of a tubular space frame chassis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank our faculty advisors Sri Suresh Kumar
Y. and Dr. Kumar G. N. for their support and guidance while
doing this project. Our sincere gratitude to our fellow sub team
mates, Vikram Hosamani and Yashwin Iddya for their
contribution towards this project. We also thank all our team
members for their help and support throughout the process and
also the college for providing us with the platform to make
this project a success.
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 501
REFERENCES
[1] 2013 Formula SAE Rules, SAE International, 2013.
[2] Compare Materials SAE 1018 and Chromoly Steel
http://www.makeitfrom.com/compare-
materials/?A=Chromium-Molybdenum-Chromoly-
Steel&B=SAE-AISI-1018-G10180-Carbon-Steel
(Accessed 20 October 2013)
[3] Chromoly AISI 4130 Material Properties
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41xx_steel (Accessed 20
October 2013)
[4] William B. Riley and Albert R. George, “Design
Analysis and Testing of a Formula SAE Car Chassis,”
SAE Paper Series 2002-01-3300, ISSN 0148-7191.
[5] Ravinder Pal Singh, “Structural performance analysis
of formula SAE car,” Jurnal Mekanikal, No. 31, page
46 – 61, December 2010.
[6] J.P. Blessing, “Numerical and experimental analysis of
Formula SAE chassis, with recommendations for future
design iterations,” Bachelor Thesis, University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 2004.