The significance of process duration decrease in CNC machines is should in current world, or, in other words fabricating cost decrease for the focused market. To begin with, numerous organizations are attempting to accomplish Just In Time JIT benefits. They need each required segment accessible at the point it is required, wiping out the need to stock any of the related parts. Since lessening burn time will enhance through put of employments, process duration decrease is a noteworthy supporter of any genuine JIT program. Second, diminishing process duration enhances an organizations adaptability. It causes them to run any activity whenever without overburdening setup individuals or machine devices. Third, obviously organizations need to enhance overall revenues. The quicker a creation run can be finished, the more benefit an organization can make. Furthermore, forward, rivalry manages that an organization has the capacity to cite the most minimal conceivable cost. Since most organizations quote employments dependent on a machines shop rate in Rupees every hour of utilization, they can cite lower landing more positions if process duration can be limited i.e. the process duration diminished is immediate benefit made with no capital speculation and lessened work. Velliyangiri. J | Dr. Prakash. E | Dr. Anandha moorthy. A ""Experimental Study of Setup Time Reduction in CNC Machine Shop"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22975.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/22975/experimental-study-of-setup-time-reduction-in-cnc-machine-shop/velliyangiri-j
STUDIES ON AVAILABILITY AND UTILISATION OF MINING EQUIPMENT- AN OVERVIEWIAEME Publication
In any opencast mining project, the major share of initial capital investment goes towards the excavation and transportation equipment. Hence it i s very important to analyse the performance of those equipment, at regular intervals to achieve co st- effectiveness in excavation and transportation operations. In this paper, an attempt is made to calculate the percentage availability and utilisation of shovel, dumpers and dozer, employed in an opencast mine and to analyse the contributing factors to improve the overall equipment performance.
STUDIES ON AVAILABILITY AND UTILISATION OF MINING EQUIPMENT- AN OVERVIEWIAEME Publication
In any opencast mining project, the major share of initial capital investment goes towards the excavation and transportation equipment. Hence it i s very important to analyse the performance of those equipment, at regular intervals to achieve co st- effectiveness in excavation and transportation operations. In this paper, an attempt is made to calculate the percentage availability and utilisation of shovel, dumpers and dozer, employed in an opencast mine and to analyse the contributing factors to improve the overall equipment performance.
PRODUCTION PROCESS ANALYSIS ON MANUFACTURING OF HYDRAULIC GEAR PUMPmeijjournal
Manufacturing Firms sometimes suffers from Productivity, Low Production rate and Delivery problems. Production time is the top priority at every manufacturing firm, and each firm wants to minimize it as much as possible to deliver their product on time to time their valuable customers. Some of the biggest time eaters in the industry are Setup time, Manufacturing time, Material handling time, and wait time. After the brief survey at VBC Hydraulics, we have conclude that setup time, manufacturing time, and wait time can not be utilize more than current because they are already using best possible machines and technology to manufacture Gear Pumps. But, material handling time and man-machine utilization can be improved by some engineering analysis. We did man-machine utilization by using man-machine utilization charts and some brief calculations and also focused to improve the material handling in the industry by implementation of GT(Group Technology) layout as they are mainly focused to manufacturing of Gear Pumps of different specifications with bulk Production.
Capacity utilization for product mix using operation based time standard eval...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, a systematic and quantitative view is presented for the application of time study in woodworking furniture industry. The study is done in panel conversion plant on five CNC machines for various operations. For the calculation of cycle time, machining time calculator is developed and the operation research technique of mathematical programming is used for the capacity calculation of product mix. This makes manager to make faster decision in outsourcing problem and to improve the financial performance of the company. Keywords - Capacity utilization, cycle time, linear programming, manufacturing, time study
Capacity utilization for product mix using operation based time standard eval...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A case study on productivity improvement of wearing insert and cutting ringIJECSJournal
The objective of this paper is to present case study on a wearing insert and cutting ring for the efficient improvements in productivity with the help of various work Study Methods. In this study productivity is improved through identifying the process that involves the time required for the process as the main reason to achieve the objectives of increasing the productivity. Time and motion study is one of the necessary factors to set a standard target. The study is aimed at identifying the unwanted work processes which in turn increases the time required, efforts as well as the cost of the product. Thus the changes were made in the areas which require improving using work study methods.
Application of Industrial Engineering to increase the productivity of an E-Ri...ijtsrd
Productivity improvement is an important issue in small-scale industry. The profit earning of this industry largely depends on productivity improvement. This study shows the way of finding gap of production process and operations. By implementing work study and method study and established new effective process for particular operation, we have to able to increase productivity. Especially this study shows the improvement of productivity in assembly area of E-rickshaw manufacturing industry. The line balancing is the key point to increase productivity to particular products. After line balancing and critical analysis the work content was reduced by 9 minutes. Our proposed method helps to increase productivity to 19.97% with reduction of work content and line balancing. Harshna Gupta | Gaurav Chaudhary | Krishna Mohan Singh | Devendra Kumar | Ashish Malik"Application of Industrial Engineering to increase the productivity of an E-Rickshaw factory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12969.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/industrial-engineering/12969/application-of-industrial-engineering-to-increase-the-productivity-of-an-e-rickshaw-factory/harshna-gupta
The Impact of Lean Production on the Cycle Time: A Case Study of a Welding As...ijsrd.com
The growing global competition is forcing the organisations to reduce the cost for increasing the profit. Lean manufacturing is a powerful tool for attaining this. The history of lean manufacturing starts from the craft production of 1900's. It is evolved through the contributions of F.W. Taylor, Henry Ford, Eiji Toyoda & Taiichi Ohno. The main concept of the lean manufacturing is the reduction in cost by eliminating waste. However, not all lean implementations have produced such results. In this study, a critical examination of lean manufacturing implementation experience at the welding department of a medium size industry located in Kerala, India. . Cycle time reduction is an important way by eliminating or reducing non-value-added activities. To reduce the overall cycle time of manufacturing, the cycle time of each sub-assembly needs to be reduced. Reducing cycle time will have a significant impact on a company's bottom line when implemented. The outcome of this study leads to substantial reduction in cycle time, reduced defects, better utilization of human resource and machines, and reduced cost of maintenance. It has been proved and validated by an empirical relation. The cause and effect diagram is used for analysing the cycle time reduction. The Quality control chart is also used. The improved return on investment (ROI) and reduction in cycle time shows the feasibility. The data for this study were obtained through interviews, Questionnaire survey and archival sources.
Manufacturing Lead Time Reduction in Monoblock (SWJ) Pump Industry [irjet-v4 ...PERUMALSAMY M
Manufacturing lead time is the time required to produce product from its raw materials to final product.A company has to fulfill its customer needs to sustain in this competitive world. Lean has served the manufacturing sector with speed and quality. This project aims at lead time reduction in pump manufacturing company. Value Stream Map(VSM) served as an initiative for identifying bottlenecks process and waste in the manufacturing line; current state map is drawn by the observation made on the shop floor. The takt time is calculated for the demand to find out the bottleneck operations. After identifying the bottleneck operations line balancing is done. The Work In Process (WIP) inventory is reduced by balancing the workstation. Future state map is developed in the perspective of reduction of lead time and to match the takt time with bottleneck process. After line balancing implementation, the lead time for assembly of the SWJ pump is reduced 32 percent and work in process inventory is reduced 25 percent.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Manufacturing Firms sometimes suffers from Productivity, Low Production rate and Delivery problems. Production time is the top priority at every manufacturing firm, and each firm wants to minimize it as much as possible to deliver their product on time to time their valuable customers. Some of the biggest time eaters in the industry are Setup time, Manufacturing time, Material handling time, and wait time. After the brief survey at VBC Hydraulics, we have conclude that setup time, manufacturing time, and wait time can not be utilize more than current because they are already using best possible machines and technology to manufacture Gear Pumps. But, material handling time and man-machine utilization can be improved by some engineering analysis. We did man-machine utilization by using man-machine utilization charts and some brief calculations and also focused to improve the material handling in the industry by implementation of GT(Group Technology) layout as they are mainly focused to manufacturing of Gear Pumps of different specifications with bulk Production.
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Abstract In this paper, a systematic and quantitative view is presented for the application of time study in woodworking furniture industry. The study is done in panel conversion plant on five CNC machines for various operations. For the calculation of cycle time, machining time calculator is developed and the operation research technique of mathematical programming is used for the capacity calculation of product mix. This makes manager to make faster decision in outsourcing problem and to improve the financial performance of the company. Keywords - Capacity utilization, cycle time, linear programming, manufacturing, time study
Capacity utilization for product mix using operation based time standard eval...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A case study on productivity improvement of wearing insert and cutting ringIJECSJournal
The objective of this paper is to present case study on a wearing insert and cutting ring for the efficient improvements in productivity with the help of various work Study Methods. In this study productivity is improved through identifying the process that involves the time required for the process as the main reason to achieve the objectives of increasing the productivity. Time and motion study is one of the necessary factors to set a standard target. The study is aimed at identifying the unwanted work processes which in turn increases the time required, efforts as well as the cost of the product. Thus the changes were made in the areas which require improving using work study methods.
Application of Industrial Engineering to increase the productivity of an E-Ri...ijtsrd
Productivity improvement is an important issue in small-scale industry. The profit earning of this industry largely depends on productivity improvement. This study shows the way of finding gap of production process and operations. By implementing work study and method study and established new effective process for particular operation, we have to able to increase productivity. Especially this study shows the improvement of productivity in assembly area of E-rickshaw manufacturing industry. The line balancing is the key point to increase productivity to particular products. After line balancing and critical analysis the work content was reduced by 9 minutes. Our proposed method helps to increase productivity to 19.97% with reduction of work content and line balancing. Harshna Gupta | Gaurav Chaudhary | Krishna Mohan Singh | Devendra Kumar | Ashish Malik"Application of Industrial Engineering to increase the productivity of an E-Rickshaw factory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12969.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/industrial-engineering/12969/application-of-industrial-engineering-to-increase-the-productivity-of-an-e-rickshaw-factory/harshna-gupta
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The growing global competition is forcing the organisations to reduce the cost for increasing the profit. Lean manufacturing is a powerful tool for attaining this. The history of lean manufacturing starts from the craft production of 1900's. It is evolved through the contributions of F.W. Taylor, Henry Ford, Eiji Toyoda & Taiichi Ohno. The main concept of the lean manufacturing is the reduction in cost by eliminating waste. However, not all lean implementations have produced such results. In this study, a critical examination of lean manufacturing implementation experience at the welding department of a medium size industry located in Kerala, India. . Cycle time reduction is an important way by eliminating or reducing non-value-added activities. To reduce the overall cycle time of manufacturing, the cycle time of each sub-assembly needs to be reduced. Reducing cycle time will have a significant impact on a company's bottom line when implemented. The outcome of this study leads to substantial reduction in cycle time, reduced defects, better utilization of human resource and machines, and reduced cost of maintenance. It has been proved and validated by an empirical relation. The cause and effect diagram is used for analysing the cycle time reduction. The Quality control chart is also used. The improved return on investment (ROI) and reduction in cycle time shows the feasibility. The data for this study were obtained through interviews, Questionnaire survey and archival sources.
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‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
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Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
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Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
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The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
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This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
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“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD22975 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 712
Process duration has a few Categories fundamentally
Machining time
Roughing time
Finishingtime
Tool changing time
Tool situating/Tool repositioning time
C. Machining time
Machining time is fabricating process that includes
evacuating materials utilizing cutting instruments for
disposing of the undesirablematerials fromsomeworkpiece
and changing over it into the shape you want. A substantial
bit of stock is utilized for cutting the work piece. The
substantial stock may be in any shape, for example, strong
bar, level sheet, and shaft or even empty tubes. Machining
time is the timewhen a machineisreallyhandlingsomething.
By and large, machining time is the term utilized when there
is adecrease in material or expelling some unfortunate parts
of a material.
D. Setup time
The time taken to set up the assembling procedures and
framework for generation.
E. Fixture time
The time required to settling and fixing the apparatus in the
work table and taking work balance is called as installation
time.
F. Program age time
The time required to create the program in G codes and M
codes for the machining task is called as program age time.
G. Tool counterbalance time
The time required to check the counterbalance between the
device and the work piece is called as device balance time.
H. Inspection time
Prior to beginning the creation of a part, a model of the
segment is produced and it is investigated by utilizing
coordinate estimating machine [CMM]. The time taken for
assessment of a model segment is called investigation time.
I. Roughing time
A roughing task is utilized to evacuate a lot of material
quickly and to deliver a section geometry near the coveted
shape. A completing task pursues roughing and is utilized to
accomplish the last geometry and surface wrap up.
J. Completing time
Completing task is performed subsequenttoroughingandits
motivation is for the most part to accomplish last geometry.
Completing activitiesinthefastmachiningmethodologyused
thelittlest level end processapparatustomachinethegreater
part of the shapes present on the part. Summing up the
activity utilizing a solitary slicing apparatus figures out how
to limitthe arranging load and maintains astrategicdistance
from any highlights acknowledgment errands.
K. Instrument changing time
The time taken for settling another instrument in the place
of existing apparatus from the device magazine is called as
device evolving time.
L. Apparatus Positioning/Tool Repositioning Time
The time required to situating of the apparatus from one
point of machining territory to other machining region is
called as instrument repositioning time
M. Device Planning
It is most vital that the instruments are orchestrated in the
request in which they are utilizedformachining.Thatimplies
the instrument that is utilized first should be organized
alongside the second one, the device that is utilized as the
second one must be masterminded by the third device et
cetera. Along these lines, superfluousforward andbackward
development of the tooling framework is abstained from
amid instrument ordering.
Estimation of the devices is most essential to attempt to
organize the instruments as close as conceivable to one
another before they are utilized. This also is planned to limit
any hub developments amid instrument ordering.
Fig. 1.2 Device planning
N. Idle time
Inert time is inefficient time with respect to representatives
or machines caused by administration or because of
components outside their ability to control. Inert time is the
time related with pausing, or when a bit of hardware isn't
being utilized yet could be. It could likewise be related with
figuring, and all things considered, alludes to handling time
O. Ideal time decrease
Organization chiefs who don't effectively plan work
movements or tasks stream may cause inert time.
Representatives themselves might be in charge of causing
inert time. For instance, if an auto plant gathering group
makes 100 autos in an eight-hour move and the quality
review and testingbunch formsjust50autosamidthatmove,
the sequential construction system would need to sit for a
timeframe until the point thatthequalitycontrolamassmade
up for lost time to pace.
No business keeps running at 100% productivity over
significant lots of time. Inert time is inescapable, yet the
objective is to limit this "cost" to the organization through
watchful planning and coordination with associated
gatherings. Additionally, directors can attract up emergency
courses of action to keep tasks running when a sudden
occasion emerges.
P. Part change after some time
The time required putting the work piece and cinching it in
the installation of machine deviceafteronetaskcyclefinishes
is brought part change over the long run.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD22975 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 713
Q. Tool substitution time
The time taken for settling an instrument in the turret or
device magazine of the machine and bolstering of hardware
counterbalance is called device substitution time.
R. Preplanning time
Before the activity of the work piece is get the opportunity to
complete, the work piece for the following task ought to be
accessible. Generally is will cause perfect time. This time is
known as perfect time because of absence of preplanning
time.
Fig. 1.3 Rough process plans
II. PROCESS DURATION REDUCTION
To limit the process duration in these zones, there are two
manners by which this can be accomplished. The procedure
build must choose a suitable machine instrument, cutting
apparatuses,fixturing, and machining requestinawaythatit
coordinates the quantity of work pieces to be machined that
will be founded on the Generation amount. The process
duration will be an impression of the procedures being
utilized to machine work pieces.
To upgrade cutting tasks for this would include legitimately
choosing cutting instrument materials, feeds, and speeds to
machine work pieces as productively as conceivablewiththe
current procedure. The specialist for those machines must
notignore differentprocedures for they mightbe so worried
about limiting system execution thattheydisregarddifferent
tasks, bringing about serious squanders of process duration.
Machining time decrease Machinetime decreasearefinished
by the accompanyingadvances.
III. OBJECTIVES
The vast majority of the assembling businesses are have a
tendency to flop in accomplishing a large scale
manufacturing over a given timeframe almost 50% of the
working time taken for the machining task. anyway a
considerable lot of the advanced machines, for example,
(CNC, VMC) working machines are available at the present
situation ,there is the part to the producer upon his diverse
methodology prompts higher profitability .our principle
saying towards this task is to abbreviate the machining time
with the end goal to build high rate of creation with the base
expected time .likewise to deliver the chain tensioner
segment with superior which would be substantially more
steady and consistency towards the current item and to
decrease the time by 45% to the progressive of each
machined segment.
Enhanced administrationofthestreamofmovementthrough
container necks to limit track inhabitance times. This will be
tended to through enhanced time tabling procedures and
continuous activity administration to diminish generally
speaking postponements through enhanced administration
strategies that give strong time tables fit for duplicating with
ordinary factual varieties in tasks and minor annoyances. To
diminish byand large postponements and in thiswaybenefit
constancy through enhanced movement administration
procedures that can recuperate activities following minor
irritations and real aggravations.
A. Nature of cut
Consistent cutlike turning, drilling, penetratingandsoonare
done at higher cutting speed. Stun started cuts in molding
machine; arranging machine, opening machine and so forth
are directed at lower cutting speed. Irregular cuts, as in
processing, tottering and so forth are done at very lower
speed for dynamic stacking.
B. Work material
Harder, more grounded, warm safe and buckle down
empower materials are machined at lower cutting speed.
Delicate, non-sticky and thermally conductive materials can
be machined at moderately higher cutting speed.
Figure 2.1 work materials
C. Cutting device material
HSS devices are utilized at inside 40 m/min just in turning
gentle steel while for a similar work solidified carbide
apparatuses can be utilized at cutting speed, 80 to 300
m/min. Superior artistic devices and cBN apparatuses are
utilized at fast in machining steels of various quality and
hardness. Precious stone pparatuses can be utilized in
machining different materials (aside fromFe-base)atcutting
speed past 500 m/min.
D. Cutting Liquid Applications:
Appropriate choice and use of cutting liquid may permit
increment in slicing speed by 20 to half
Fig. 2.2 cutting liquid
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E. Purpose of machining
Harsh machining with substantial MRR is generally done at
moderately low or moderate speed. Complete the process of
machining with little feed and profundity of cut is normally
done at high VC Kind of machining activities Unlike turning,
exhausting and so forth the task like threading, reaming and
soon. are completed at much lower (20 to half)cuttingspeed
for accomplishing quality complete Capacity of machine
device intense, solid, unbending and stable machine
instruments permit substantially higher VC, whenever
required and allowable Condition of machine tool.
Cutting speed is kept lower than its ordinary esteem
stipulated for a given device – work material combine, if the
machine instrument is really old or having impediments
because of wear and tear, backfire, misalignment, flimsiness
and so forth.
The variables that are considered amid choosing the
estimation of feed are,
Work material (type, quality, hardness and so on.)
Capacity of the machine apparatus (control, unbending
nature and soforth.)
Cutting instrument; material, geometry and
arrangement
Cutting liquid application
Surface complete wanted
Type of task, for example threading activity needs huge
feed as indicated by the lead of the string.
Nature of cut; consistent,stunstarted type, andirregular
Feed, which raises cutting powers relatively, is keptlow
in stun and discontinuous composecuts.
F. Roughing time decrease:
Two unmistakable ways to deal with discover ideal roughing
introductions. They are, Additional roughing introduction
approach .This methodology includes acquainting an
additional machining introduction with the present
introduction set. Two strategies are proposed. The first
include one roughing introduction that licenses cutting of
material until the point when the focal point of the round
work piece is come to. Tostay away from the developmentof
thin material, the cutting just continues until the point when
the perimeter of the conciliatory help chamber is come to.
The thick material left will be evacuated later by other
roughing tasks. Having theseextra roughing introductions is
principally in light of the fact that it is conceivable to expel
more material and abbreviate the roughing procedure in
perceivabilityintroductions.
G. Part roughing introduction approach:
Rather than adding to the quantity of introductions, this
methodology adjusts the perceivability program yield by
taking outtheroughingintroductionsandconsolidatingthem
with alternate introductions. Various point mixes are
distinguished to chip away at the roughing procedure. The
mixes are developed from three and fourpointsthattogether
produce five arrangements of roughing introductions. The
blend of three edges is a base prerequisitefor roughingtasks
without framinganytroubleinevacuatingslimsegments.The
purpose behind this incremental esteem is because of the
likelihood of thin material development amid the third
introduction of the roughingtask.Inlightofthisintroduction,
the device is guided to begin the machining from a slanted
position and shapes the part viably.
H. Cycle time decrease standards
The two errands composes identified with running creation,
the three general approaches to diminish process duration,
and the four-advance strategy to decrease process duration
I. Cycle time decrease methods
Innumerable strategies to lessen process duration for CNC
machining focuses and turning focuses in a few classes,
includingarrangement and association, work piece stacking,
program execution, work pieceemptying/emptying, looking
after generation, estimating modifications, and dull device
substitution
J. Two Errands Composes:
We group assignments identified with finishing creation
keeps running with the end goal to enable you to approach
your process duration decrease program in aconsistentway.
1. On-line errands
Theseare errands thatadd tothe length timeittakestofinish
the generation run. Clear precedents that happen in each
cycle incorporate work piece stacking, program execution,
and work piece emptying. Models that don't happen in each
cyclecanincorporatedeviceupkeep,examiningexaminations
(if the machine is down amid assessment),andadministrator
individual time.
2. Off-line undertaking
These are errands that don't add to the time allotment it
takes to finish a generation run. Basically, these are
undertakings that happen related to (or inside to) the CNC
machine’s program execution. Precedents incorporate
measuring acclimations to balances (ideally you concur that
Offsets can be balanced while the machine is running), work
piece cleaning, work piece de-burring, and crude material
readiness.
3. Setup time decrease:
While aCNC machine is in setup, itcan'tbe creatinganywork
piece. This non- beneficial time can never be recuperated.
Everybody says they need to decreasesetuptime.Inanycase,
the more setups you make, the more vital it is to achieve this
objective - and the more you ought to will do to lessen setup
time.
Decrease of machine setuptimeutilizingtheSMEDtechnique
is modest, yet has just constrained impacts. The structure of
another machine is costly, however the new setup time will
be short. Considering the two expenses and setup time, it is
most proficient for the organization to choose the SMED
strategy and to make enhancements to the machines.
Single-minute trade of kick the bucket (SMED) is one of the
lean creation strategies for decreasing waste in an
assembling procedure. Itgives a quick andproficientmethod
for changing over an assembling procedurefromrunningthe
present item to running the following item. This quick
changeover is critical to lessening creation parcel sizes and
consequently enhancing stream (Mura), diminishing
generation misfortune and yield changeability. So we can
accomplish single moment trade of bite the dust by utilizing
zero-point clipping framework.
4. ZERO POINT CLAMPING SYSTEM
The zero-point bracing framework is a development
framework to lessen the setup time z. This measured
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framework meets the prerequisites of particular
arrangements with the most ideal usage of machine limit. In
spite of the fact that the machine apparatus needed to stop
for theset-uptime up to this point,theworkpiecewouldnow
be able to be clipped and situated on the bed outside the
machine device. The set-up timeis currently justconstrained
to stacking and emptying thebed, whichoccurslikeaflash.In
theevent that various assemblingforms arefundamental for
machining, atthat point the bed including thework piececan
be utilized without zero-point misfortune.
Like the system that grasps revolving apparatus holders on
many machining focuses, zero- point cinches utilize a
mounting handle and clipping wedge bolt to pull a bed,
installation or other work holding gadget—or even the part
itself— against the ground face of a zero-point hurl. The
maintenance handle sits inside the throw bore and offers
positional exactness to inside a couple of tenths of an inch
and a few tons of clipping power until discharged
through mechanical, water driven or pneumatic weight.
Fig. 3.1 Zero clamping system
5. Features
Referenced clasping of apparatus components to situatingat
the "zero point" with immaculate repeatability. Takes into
account the machining of work pieces in a fewworkventures
on various machines. Up to 30 KN of maintenance drive.
Mechanical, pneumatic and water driven incitation.
Anti-turn locking gadget when utilized with individual
components.
Superior effectiveness, repeatability and cost reserve
funds.
Suitable for use on all machines.
Increased profitability
6. Advantages
Free machine limitthrough decrease of setting uptime byup
to 90% Minimum cleaning and support work without zero-
point misfortune because of clipping instrument outwardly
Highest accuracy Repeatability of 0.002 mm more than
750,000 clasping forms through padded, tapered centering
with leveling framework No zero point moving because of
pay for warm extension Increased process unwavering
qualityLarge pre-centeringfor solid encouraging of thebeds
additionally with programmed stacking Air-stream
framework for cleaning and checking the levelling
framework.
1. Tool offset
This capacity is accomplished by moving a predefined
instrument along the control pivot. The machine must be
educated the sum the machine zero and part zero point. The
part of balance between zero points is the beginning stage of
the machining activity on the work piece at X, Y and Z hub.
2. Tool pre-setter
The vast majority of the CNC machines have no worked in
apparatus estimation instrument, so to quantify CNC
machine devices outer device estimating gadgets are
utilized. These apparatus estimating gadgets are called Tool
Pre-setter. Toaccomplish exact apparatus estimationsaCNC
machine workshop must have a CNC Tool Pre-setter.
Fig. 3.4 Tool pre setter
3. Selecting tool pre-setter
While choosing a device pre-setter, it is imperative to think
about the most extreme device length (z-pivot) and distance
across (x-hub) that will be estimated. This thought is
essential in deciding the movement limit of the device pre-
setter and whether it will quantify the total scope of
instruments utilized. Other critical contemplations
incorporate theresiliencespermittedtothedevicepre-setter.
Regularly, exactness inside 0.0001" is accessible.
Device pre-setter are accessible in two principle composes
A. Contact device pre-setters
B. Non-contact device pre-setters
A. Contact tool pre-setters
This utilization a touch test that contacts the device to make
estimations. This kind of hardware pre-setter has an
exactness of under 0.0005".
B. Noncontact tool pre-setters
Noncontact instrument pre-setters utilize shadow charts to
give a device profile view to review and pre-setting. These
pre-setters may quantify device length and distance across,
compute nose radii and points, and identify harmed front
lines. Veryexact, noncontactdevice pre-setters cannormally
position inside 0.000040". This sort ofhardwarepre-setteris
regularly prescribed for PC incorporated assembling
frameworks and cells and in apparatus room administration
frameworks.
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Fig. 3.7 Non-contact pre setters
C. Advantages
Apparatus pre-setter makes the CNC mechanic life simple
engineer simply need to fix the instrument in apparatus
holder after this he takes the device estimations from the
device pre- setter and simply put them straight in CNC
machine device geometry. Pre-setters spare setup time and
lessen machine downtime costs, while expanding device
setting exactness.
D. Tool offset measurementsystemequippedinbuiltin
the machine:
Laser estimating framework for CNC machine instruments
that is interesting worldwide for non-contact device
estimation and apparatus checking under the harshest
conditions. Phenomenally quick, exact and dependable
advantage
Automatic estimations convey extraordinary time
reservefunds.
No blunders because of manual instrument setting
utilizing measuresquares.
No composing blunders and relating ensuing harm.
Automatic computation and revision of the apparatus
balance.
Automatic apparatus breakage location between the
machining cycles.
No harm because of undetected device breakage.
Enable low-kept an eye on activity.
Realise persistent process chains.
Quality from the worldwide market pioneer in laser
estimating innovation for machine apparatuses.
E. Fixture changeover optimization
The second changeover activity that is enhanced is that of
appending and separating the installations. Overall it takes
3.08 minutes to evacuate one installation and connect the
following apparatus. Since there are two tables for each
machine, this implies joining and isolating installations
requires 6.16 minutesfor every changeover. The objective of
this area is to limitthe quantity of installationsthatshouldbe
appended and confined from the machines. The apparatuses
contrast from the instruments in that when an installation is
expelled it is constantly supplanted by another. With the
instruments, it was important to discover what number of
apparatuses were evacuated andconnectedinlightofthefact
that the quantity of devices being joined was not generally
the equivalent as the quantity of devices being expelled.
Thusly, on account of the installations it is just important to
check what number of apparatus changeovers happens for
the predefined employments.
It was discovered that upgrading the quantity of installation
changeovers yields better results than advancing apparatus
changeovers. In this manner, the organization being
considered is encouraged to bunch the occupations as
indicated by the apparatuses that are utilized
IV. METHODOLOGY
Fig. 4 flowcharts for machining
The study deals with the machining time and cycle time
reduction usingofflinefixturetoimprovemachiningtimeand
idle time should be reduced. So improve to company profit
and worker utilization.
4. CONCLUSION
This exploration has investigated three different ways to
lessen changeover times for CNC Processing machines at a
modern assembling organization. To start with, the SMED
Approach was utilized tobreakdownthepresentchangeover
process and another Changeover approach was proposed.
Next, twotechniques were producedalltogethertotacklethe
particular issues clear with the organizationbeingexamined.
The firstTechniqueis tofor all time matchthesegmentsofan
item with the goal that they are produced amid a similar era.
This will cause every one of the segments for an item to
achieve the gathering region amid a similar era. The second
technique was produced to put occupationswithcomparable
changeover qualitiesbesideoneanotheronthecalendar.This
lessens the quantity of hardware and installation
changeovers required amid a given booking period.
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This exploration broke down six changeovers on bed
changing CNC processing machines. It was discovered that
the normal changeover time was 57.23 minutes; 72% of
which was done inside. Another changeover technique was
produced to augmentthe administrator’s time by using inert
time discovered amid cycle changeovers and preliminary
runs. At the point when connected to one of the broke down
changeovers it was discovered that the inner time was
decreased by 38%. It was additionally discovered that the
proposed changeover strategy can be utilized as a standard
work sheet for all changeovers.
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