This document summarizes an IT project to create a calculator application using Visual Basic. It includes sections on what a calculator is, the history and evolution of calculators, from the abacus to modern programmable models. It then outlines the steps to build a scientific calculator application in VB, including adding buttons, labels, variables and code for basic arithmetic operations, memory functions and trigonometric calculations.

1. IT PROJECT
TOPIC:-Calculator

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 What is Calculator.
 Uses of Calculator
 History of Calculator
1.Pocket calculator
2.Progammable Calculator
3.Technical improvement
4.Manufactures
 Current Major manufacturers of Calculator
 How to make a calculator Using VB

3. INTRODUCTION
 An electronic calculator is a small, portable, often
inexpensive electronic device used to perform both basic
and complex operations of arithmetic.
 The first solid state electronic calculator was created in
the 1960s.
 Abacus, developed around 2000 BC, and the Mechanical
calculator, developed in the 17th century.

4. WHAT IS CALCULATOR
 A calculator is a device that performs arithmetic operations on
numbers.
 The simplest calculators can do only addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.
 More sophisticated calculators can handle exponential
operations, roots, logarithm s, trigonometric functions, and
hyperbolic functions. Internally, some calculators actually
perform all of these functions by repeated processes of
addition.

5. USES OF CALCULATOR
 Calculator is used in many ways. it is used in the field of
education and as well as in other field.
 Calculator is used to do basic arithmetic's and also to do
complex arithmetic's.
 Calculator is used for calculating big arithmetic problems
in a short period of time.
 Calculator is used in banks to find the compound interest,
simple interest, and many other things.

6. HISTORY OF CALCULATOR
 The first known tool used to aid arithmetic calculations was the
Abacus, devised by Sumerians and Egyptians before 2000
BC.
 In 1642, the Renaissance saw the invention of the mechanical
calculator by the famous intellectual Blaise Pascal, a device
that will eventually perform all four arithmetic operations
without relying on human intelligence.
 After that many scientist such as G.poleni tried to make a
programmable calculator and at last they succeed.

7. POCKET CALCULATOR
 By 1970, a calculator could be made using just a few chips of low
power consumption, allowing portable models powered from
rechargeable batteries.
 The first portable calculators appeared in Japan in
 1970, and were soon marketed around the world.
 In 1971 Pico Electronics and General Instrument also introduced
their first collaboration in ICs, a complete single chip calculator IC
for the Monroe Royal Digital III calculator.
 The first American-made pocket-sized calculator, the Bowmar 901B
in 1971

8. PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATOR
 The first desktop programmable calculators were produced in the
mid-1960s by Mathatronics and Casio (AL-1000).
 The first programmable pocket calculator was the HP-65, in 1974;
it had a capacity of 100 instructions, and could store and retrieve
programs with a built-in magnetic card reader.
 The first Soviet programmable desktop calculator ISKRA 123,
powered by the power grid, was released at the beginning of the
1970s.
 Nowadays many companies started manufacturing this type of
programmable calculator.

9. TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS
 Through the 1970s the hand-held electronic calculator underwent
rapid development.
 The red LED and blue/green vacuum fluorescent displays
consumed a lot of power and the calculators either had a short
battery life or were large so that they could take larger, higher
capacity batteries.
 Busicom introduced the Busicom LE-120A "HANDY" calculator, the first
pocket-sized calculator and the first with an LED display.
 A more successful series of calculators using a reflective DSM-LCD
was launched in 1972 by Sharp Inc with the Sharp EL-805, which
was a slim pocket calculator.

10. MANUFACTURES
 These are some of the manufacturers which made a
notable contribution to calculator development:-
 APF - U.S.A. General Instrument - U.S.A.
 Aurora – China Hewlett Packard - U.S.A.
 Bell Punch Company / ANITA – UK Hitachi - Japan.
 Bowmar - U.S.A. IME - Italy
 Brunsviga – Germany Litronix - U.S.A.
 Burroughs - U.S.A. Lloyd's - U.S.A.
 Busicom - Japan. Marchant - U.S.A.
 Canon – Japan Monroe - U.S.A.
 Casio – Japan Odhner - Russia and Sweden.
 Commodore / CBM - Canada/U.S.A. Rapid Data - Canada.
 Comptometer / Felt & Tarrant - U.S.A. Rockwell - U.S.A.
 Compucorp - U.S.A. Sanyo - Japan
 Digitz – China Sharp - Japan.
 Elektronika – Lithuania Sinclair - UK.
 Olivetti - Italy. Toshiba - Japan

11. CURRENT MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF CALCULATOR
 Aurora Office Equipment Company (China)
 Canon Electronic Business Machines (HK) Co., Ltd.
(Hong Kong)
 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. (Japan)
 Citizen Systems Japan Co., Ltd. (Japan)
 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (U.S.A.)
 Sharp Corporation (Japan)
 Texas Instruments Inc. (U.S.A.)

12. HOW TO MAKE A CALCULATOR USING VB
 At first open VB and choose Standard EXE.
 Now on the form (appeared on the screen) change the back colour
to Black.
 Now change the caption of the form to calculator.
 Now add 2 labels. change the caption of the labels to scientific
calculator and caption of the label 2 to Jawahar navodaya vidyalaya.
 Now add 2 timer control and change the interval of both the timer to
200 & 500 respectively.
figure of the VB
after these process

13.  Now add a text box & change its back colour to yellow.
 Now add a shape in that form.
 Change the shape of the shape to rounded rectangle and the back
style to opaque.
 Now insert a command button and after copy and paste it 11 times.
for the first time it will ask you “do you want to make a control
array” click on yes.
 Now change the caption of the 11 commands to 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
.&0.
 Now add a frame to the form and change his back colour to light
purple and border style to none.
fig. of the VB application
after these 6 steps.

14.  Now insert another command button in the frame and change it’s
caption to “+/-” and back colour to red and style to graphical.
 Now insert another command button in the form and change it’s
caption to “=”
 Now add another command button then copy and paste it,5 times.
At first it will ask you “do you want to make a control array” click on
yes.
 Change the caption of all the command button to +, -, /, *, %
respectively and change the back colour of all the command button
to red and change the style to graphical.
 Now insert another command button and change its caption to C
and back colour to aqua.
fig. of the VB application
after these 5 steps.

15.  Now add another command button and change its caption to OFF
and back colour to aqua.
 Now add another command button and change its caption to ON
and back colour to aqua.
 Now add another command button then copy and paste it,9 times.
Now change its caption to sin,cos,tan,sqrt, abs, md, log and atn.
 Now add another command button and change its caption to
MEMR.
 Now add another command button and change its caption to
MEMW.
fig. of the VB application
after these 5 steps.

16.  Now define the variable as follow:-
Dim op As String
Option Explicit
Dim i As Integer
Dim exp1 As Double
Dim exp2 As Double
Dim Result As Double
Dim count1 As Integer
Dim scitype As String
Private X As Double
Dim mem As Variant
 Now add the code in that application as follow:-
Private Sub Command1_Click(Index As Integer)
If count1 = 0 Then
Text1.Text = " "
MsgBox ("Calculator is not on")
End If

17. If count1 = 1 Then
Text1.Text = " "
count1 = count1 + 1
End If
If count1 > 1 Then
Text1.Text = Text1.Text & Command1(Index).Caption
End If
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command10_Click()
Text1.Text = mem
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command2_Click()
Text1.Text = -Val(Text1.Text)
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18. Private Sub Command3_Click()
If count1 > 0 Then
exp2 = Val(Text1.Text)
Select Case (op)
Case "+"
Result = exp1 + exp2
Text1.Text = Result
count1 = 0
Case "-"
Result = exp1 - exp2
Text1.Text = Result
count1 = 0
Case “*"
Result = exp1 * exp2
Text1.Text = Result
count1 = 0

19. Case " /"
Result = exp1 / exp2
Text1.Text = Result
count1 = 0
Case "%"
Result = (exp1 / 100) * exp2
Text1.Text = Result
count1 = 0
End Select
End If
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command4_Click(Index As Integer)
Result = exp1
exp1 = Result + Val(Text1.Text)
Text1.Text = " "
op = Command4(Index).Caption
End Sub
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20. Private Sub Command5_Click()
Result = 0
exp1 = 0
exp2 = 0
Text1.Text = " "
count1 = 1
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command6_Click()
count1 = 0
Text1.Text = ""
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command7_Click()
Result = 0
exp1 = 0
exp2 = 0
count1 = 1
Text1.Text = "0"
End Sub
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

21. Private Sub UpdateLog()
Trim (Form1.Text1.Text)
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command8_Click(Index As Integer)
scitype = Command8(Index).Caption
Select Case (scitype)
Case "sin"
Text1.Text = (Text1.Text * 3.14) / 180
Text1.Text = Math.Sin(Val(Text1.Text))
count1 = 0
Case "cos"
Text1.Text = (Text1.Text * 3.14) / 180
Text1.Text = Math.Cos(Val(Text1.Text))
count1 = 0
Case "tan"
Text1.Text = (Text1.Text * 3.14) / 180
Text1.Text = Math.Tan(Val(Text1.Text))
count1 = 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

22. Case "sqrt"
Text1.Text = Math.Sqr(Val(Text1.Text))
count1 = 0
Case "abs"
Text1.Text = Math.Abs(Val(Text1.Text))
count1 = 0
Case "rnd"
Text1.Text = Math.Rnd(Val(Text1.Text))
count1 = 0
Case "log"
Text1.Text = Math.Log(Val(Text1.Text))
count1 = 0
Case "Atn"
Text1.Text = Math.Log(Val(Text1.Text))
count1 = 0
End Select
End Sub
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command9_Click()
mem = Text1.Text
End Sub
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23. Private Sub Form_Load()
End Sub
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Timer1_Timer()
Label1.BackColor = RGB(256 * Rnd, 256 * Rnd, 256 * Rnd)
End Sub
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Timer2_Timer()
Label2.BackColor = RGB(256 * Rnd, 256 * Rnd, 256 * Rnd)
End Sub
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

24. OUTPUT SCREEN

25. CONCLUSION

26. ANY QUERIES

27. REFERENCE
 https://www.google.co.in/
 http://www.bing.com/
 http://in.yahoo.com/
 http:// www.wikipedia.org
 http://www.slideshare.net
 http://wiki.answer.com
 http://www.vbtutor.net