This document discusses research on rural poverty dynamics in Nepal. It aims to understand how poverty is reproduced and reduced in rural areas, and to what extent households have moved into or out of poverty. The research uses a "stages of progress" methodology involving interviews and surveys. It finds that factors leading households to escape poverty, like migration and farming, are different from factors causing descent into poverty, such as health costs, cultural expenses, and land loss. While non-farm work and migration have helped some rise out of poverty, the ultra-poor heavily rely on land-based livelihoods. Both individual conditions and structural factors around land access, social structures, and market integration influence poverty levels.