This document discusses hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). It begins by introducing HEVs and explaining their benefits over conventional gasoline vehicles, such as producing fewer emissions and improving fuel economy. It then describes the three main types of HEV powertrains: series, parallel, and series-parallel. The document proposes a new hybrid powertrain design that uses freewheels and chain wheels to selectively transmit power from either the engine or electric motor to the transmission. It concludes by stating that this powertrain could improve fuel efficiency in stop-and-go traffic while maintaining the benefits of hybrid vehicles.
A review on hybrid vehicles emissions comparison archit tomarArchit Tomar
hybrid vehicle, energy storage units , batteries , types of hybrid vehicle, emission from hybrid vehicle, policies for promotion hybrid vehicle , hybrid vehicle incentive, different batteries comparisons, policies adoption by different countries, fuel cell, new technologies adoption in hybrid vehicle, power splitter, regernative braking, classification of hybrid vehicle,ultra capacitors
A COMPARATIVE STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS REGENERATIVE B...IAEME Publication
Regenerative Braking System (RBS) converts a part of the vehicle’s kinetic energy into a useful form of energy. Thus the fuel requirements and the level of pollutant sexhausted by thevehicle are reduced,and canbecontrolled.VariousRegenerativeBrakingSystems include Mechanical Flywheel RBS, Elastomeric Flywheel RBS,
Hydraulic Power-Assist RBS, Ultra capacitor RBS, etc. In this paper, a typicalmathematical analysis of the performance of Mechanicalflywheel RBS, ElastomericFlywheel RBS, and Hydraulic Power-Assist RBS has been studied on different carmodels based on current research, and a comparison of the efficiencies and fuelsavings by these systems has been done taking into consideration, a basic Volvo car
model. Analysis shows the efficiencies of Elastomeric Flywheel RBS, HydraulicPower-Assist RBS, and Mechanical Flywheel RBS will be in adescending order
Conventional Braking System
Introduction OfRegenerative Braking System
Necessity Of The System
Elements Of Regenerative Braking System
Different Types Of Regenerative Braking System
Advantages And Disadvantages
Research Papers
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
regenerative breaking is energy conversion method .by using conventional braking more energy is lossed in the form of heat by using this we can convert this energy into usefull forms
Novel technique for hybrid electric vehicle presentation 1Manish Sadhu
Problem Summary:
Higher demand of current results an important heating of the battery, this heating will generate several consequences, firstly a reduction of lifespan of the battery and secondly a significant loss of capacity. Supercapacitors are used in series with a power battery to provide power requirement in transient state. An energy battery is placed in parallel, this battery gives the power in steady state.
Detailed Description Problem:
Modern batteries (e.g., Li-ion batteries) provide high discharge efficiency, but the rate capacity effect in these batteries drastically decreases the discharge efficiency as the load current increases. Electric double layer capacitors, or simply supercapacitors, have extremely low internal resistance, and a battery-supercapacitor hybrid may mitigate the rate capacity effect for high pulsed discharging current. However, a hybrid architecture comprising a simple parallel connection does not perform well when the supercapacitor capacity is small, which is a typical situation because of the low energy density and high cost of supercapacitors. A new battery-supercapacitor hybrid system that employs a constant-current charger. The constant current charger isolates the battery from supercapacitor to improve the end-to-end efficiency for energy from the battery to the load while accounting for the rate capacity effect of Li-ion batteries and the conversion efficiencies of the converters.
Excepted Outcome:
The supercapacitor will take an important part for the improvement of the energetic efficiency of the embarked systems and in the reduction of batteries replacement. Supercapacitor increases the performance motor at accelerated and reaccelerated mode. Also increases the life span of the battery. Indeed the supercapacitors will not be used as source of pure energy, because of their weak energy mass, but rather of complement to the battery, providing the strong demands of power. The supercapacitor solution as source of power is clearly interesting; however the cost of the kilowatt per hour remains higher than for the batteries lead-acid (approximately 30 times more) but with a weight and volume weaker.
Other Description:
Supercapacitors are widely used for energy storage in various applications. Specifically, supercapacitors are gaining more attention as energy storage elements for renewable energy sources which tend to have a high charge-discharge cycle frequency, and demand high cycle efficiency and good
Depth-of-discharge(DOD) properties. There are several related battery-supercapacitor hybrid architectures in the literature on hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). A bidirectional converter-based approach is introduced for the regenerative brake-equipped HEVs. A DC bus-based architecture for the battery-supercapacitor hybrid system is described in. However, it is difficult to directly apply these architectures to portable applications because they are designed for the HEV which involves high-power op
Regenerative braking system is a small, but an eventual method for converting unwanted heat energy into electrical energy. The energy generated is stored in the battery. This helps in reducing the usage of the external battery for charging purposes. These types of brakes helps in increasing the driving range for the electric vehicles as they can travel for longer periods. Regenerative braking system also in improving the fuel economy. It is a way of increasing the efficiency rate of the vehicles. Instead, of converting the kinhetic energy into thermal energy through friction braking this system can convert a good fraction of kinetic energy into electric energy and charge the battey using the principle of alternator. Mr. Shivam Sharma | Ashish Narayan Singh | Rahul Yadav | Abhinav Jha | Kumar Vanshaj | Md. Fahim ""Regenerative Braking System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23546.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23546/regenerative-braking-system/mr-shivam-sharma
Regenerative Braking System
Regenerative braking is a way of taking the wasted energy from the process of slowing down a car and using it to recharge the car's batteries.
Introduction
Literature Review
Recent Research And
Development In Hess
Case Study
Regenerative Braking System In
Bus
Regenerative Braking
System In Railways
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
Calcium Chloride Applications to Improve Fruit Quality on Bruised and Disease...IOSR Journals
The problems faced by producer canned of pineapple are the high of bruised which caused by the mechanical damage such as pressure, vibration during harvest, transport to the fruit processing and pathological damage caused by fruit diseases. The objective of research was to obtain the treatment time of CaCl2 applications and dosage of CaCl2 to improve the fruit quality of pineapple. This research used Split Plot Design and each treatment replicated 3 times. The main plot is time of CaCl2 applications that consists of three levels, thats are : 90 day after forcing (daf) (W90), 120 daf (W120) and twice time of CaCl2 applications on 90 and 120 daf (W90+120). The sub plot is dosage of CaCl2 that consists of three levels, thats are : 50 kg ha-1 (C50), 75 kg ha-1 (C75) and 100 kg ha-1 (C100). The results of research showed that the combined treatment twice time of CaCl2 applications on 90 and 120 day after forcing and dosage of CaCl2 100 kg ha-1 produces the calcium content on fruit is higher than the other combined treatments and produce the fruit texture, percentage of fruit diseases and percentage of bruised are lower than the other combined treatments
Chebyshev Collocation Approach for a Continuous Formulation of Implicit Hybri...IOSR Journals
In this paper, an implicit one-step method for numerical solution of second order Initial Value
Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations has been developed by collocation and interpolation technique.
The one-step method was developed using Chebyshev polynomial as basis function and, the method was
augmented by the introduction of offstep points in order to bring about zero stability and upgrade the order of
consistency of the new method. An advantage of the derived continuous scheme is that it can produce several
outputs of solution at the off-grid points without requiring additional interpolation. Numerical examples are
presented to portray the applicability and the efficiency of the method.
A review on hybrid vehicles emissions comparison archit tomarArchit Tomar
hybrid vehicle, energy storage units , batteries , types of hybrid vehicle, emission from hybrid vehicle, policies for promotion hybrid vehicle , hybrid vehicle incentive, different batteries comparisons, policies adoption by different countries, fuel cell, new technologies adoption in hybrid vehicle, power splitter, regernative braking, classification of hybrid vehicle,ultra capacitors
A COMPARATIVE STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS REGENERATIVE B...IAEME Publication
Regenerative Braking System (RBS) converts a part of the vehicle’s kinetic energy into a useful form of energy. Thus the fuel requirements and the level of pollutant sexhausted by thevehicle are reduced,and canbecontrolled.VariousRegenerativeBrakingSystems include Mechanical Flywheel RBS, Elastomeric Flywheel RBS,
Hydraulic Power-Assist RBS, Ultra capacitor RBS, etc. In this paper, a typicalmathematical analysis of the performance of Mechanicalflywheel RBS, ElastomericFlywheel RBS, and Hydraulic Power-Assist RBS has been studied on different carmodels based on current research, and a comparison of the efficiencies and fuelsavings by these systems has been done taking into consideration, a basic Volvo car
model. Analysis shows the efficiencies of Elastomeric Flywheel RBS, HydraulicPower-Assist RBS, and Mechanical Flywheel RBS will be in adescending order
Conventional Braking System
Introduction OfRegenerative Braking System
Necessity Of The System
Elements Of Regenerative Braking System
Different Types Of Regenerative Braking System
Advantages And Disadvantages
Research Papers
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
regenerative breaking is energy conversion method .by using conventional braking more energy is lossed in the form of heat by using this we can convert this energy into usefull forms
Novel technique for hybrid electric vehicle presentation 1Manish Sadhu
Problem Summary:
Higher demand of current results an important heating of the battery, this heating will generate several consequences, firstly a reduction of lifespan of the battery and secondly a significant loss of capacity. Supercapacitors are used in series with a power battery to provide power requirement in transient state. An energy battery is placed in parallel, this battery gives the power in steady state.
Detailed Description Problem:
Modern batteries (e.g., Li-ion batteries) provide high discharge efficiency, but the rate capacity effect in these batteries drastically decreases the discharge efficiency as the load current increases. Electric double layer capacitors, or simply supercapacitors, have extremely low internal resistance, and a battery-supercapacitor hybrid may mitigate the rate capacity effect for high pulsed discharging current. However, a hybrid architecture comprising a simple parallel connection does not perform well when the supercapacitor capacity is small, which is a typical situation because of the low energy density and high cost of supercapacitors. A new battery-supercapacitor hybrid system that employs a constant-current charger. The constant current charger isolates the battery from supercapacitor to improve the end-to-end efficiency for energy from the battery to the load while accounting for the rate capacity effect of Li-ion batteries and the conversion efficiencies of the converters.
Excepted Outcome:
The supercapacitor will take an important part for the improvement of the energetic efficiency of the embarked systems and in the reduction of batteries replacement. Supercapacitor increases the performance motor at accelerated and reaccelerated mode. Also increases the life span of the battery. Indeed the supercapacitors will not be used as source of pure energy, because of their weak energy mass, but rather of complement to the battery, providing the strong demands of power. The supercapacitor solution as source of power is clearly interesting; however the cost of the kilowatt per hour remains higher than for the batteries lead-acid (approximately 30 times more) but with a weight and volume weaker.
Other Description:
Supercapacitors are widely used for energy storage in various applications. Specifically, supercapacitors are gaining more attention as energy storage elements for renewable energy sources which tend to have a high charge-discharge cycle frequency, and demand high cycle efficiency and good
Depth-of-discharge(DOD) properties. There are several related battery-supercapacitor hybrid architectures in the literature on hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). A bidirectional converter-based approach is introduced for the regenerative brake-equipped HEVs. A DC bus-based architecture for the battery-supercapacitor hybrid system is described in. However, it is difficult to directly apply these architectures to portable applications because they are designed for the HEV which involves high-power op
Regenerative braking system is a small, but an eventual method for converting unwanted heat energy into electrical energy. The energy generated is stored in the battery. This helps in reducing the usage of the external battery for charging purposes. These types of brakes helps in increasing the driving range for the electric vehicles as they can travel for longer periods. Regenerative braking system also in improving the fuel economy. It is a way of increasing the efficiency rate of the vehicles. Instead, of converting the kinhetic energy into thermal energy through friction braking this system can convert a good fraction of kinetic energy into electric energy and charge the battey using the principle of alternator. Mr. Shivam Sharma | Ashish Narayan Singh | Rahul Yadav | Abhinav Jha | Kumar Vanshaj | Md. Fahim ""Regenerative Braking System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23546.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23546/regenerative-braking-system/mr-shivam-sharma
Regenerative Braking System
Regenerative braking is a way of taking the wasted energy from the process of slowing down a car and using it to recharge the car's batteries.
Introduction
Literature Review
Recent Research And
Development In Hess
Case Study
Regenerative Braking System In
Bus
Regenerative Braking
System In Railways
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
Calcium Chloride Applications to Improve Fruit Quality on Bruised and Disease...IOSR Journals
The problems faced by producer canned of pineapple are the high of bruised which caused by the mechanical damage such as pressure, vibration during harvest, transport to the fruit processing and pathological damage caused by fruit diseases. The objective of research was to obtain the treatment time of CaCl2 applications and dosage of CaCl2 to improve the fruit quality of pineapple. This research used Split Plot Design and each treatment replicated 3 times. The main plot is time of CaCl2 applications that consists of three levels, thats are : 90 day after forcing (daf) (W90), 120 daf (W120) and twice time of CaCl2 applications on 90 and 120 daf (W90+120). The sub plot is dosage of CaCl2 that consists of three levels, thats are : 50 kg ha-1 (C50), 75 kg ha-1 (C75) and 100 kg ha-1 (C100). The results of research showed that the combined treatment twice time of CaCl2 applications on 90 and 120 day after forcing and dosage of CaCl2 100 kg ha-1 produces the calcium content on fruit is higher than the other combined treatments and produce the fruit texture, percentage of fruit diseases and percentage of bruised are lower than the other combined treatments
Chebyshev Collocation Approach for a Continuous Formulation of Implicit Hybri...IOSR Journals
In this paper, an implicit one-step method for numerical solution of second order Initial Value
Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations has been developed by collocation and interpolation technique.
The one-step method was developed using Chebyshev polynomial as basis function and, the method was
augmented by the introduction of offstep points in order to bring about zero stability and upgrade the order of
consistency of the new method. An advantage of the derived continuous scheme is that it can produce several
outputs of solution at the off-grid points without requiring additional interpolation. Numerical examples are
presented to portray the applicability and the efficiency of the method.
The Effect Service Quality to Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty of A...IOSR Journals
Customer Loyalty is important for cultivated by the company, therefore the aim of this study to prove
how the effect of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in enhancing Customer Loyalty. Samples were
service users Railway Transport Argo Bromo Anggrek Jakarta Surabaya by using purposive side. Sample size of
300 respondents. Data analysis using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that Services
Quality significantly influence to customer satisfaction. Customer Satisfaction significant effect on Customer
Loyalty. Service Quality is not yet significant effect on Customer Loyalty, so that Customer Satisfaction is a
mediator of the relationship Service Quality on Customer Loyalty to PT Argo Bromo Anggrek Train Jakarta-
Surabaya. The implications that Customer Satisfaction is capable of mediating the quality of care in improving
Customer Loyalty.
Intelligent Fault Identification System for Transmission Lines Using Artifici...IOSR Journals
Transmission and distribution lines are vital links between generating units and consumers. They are
exposed to atmosphere, hence chances of occurrence of fault in transmission line is very high, which has to be
immediately taken care of in order to minimize damage caused by it. This paper focuses on detecting the faults
on electric power transmission lines using artificial neural networks. A feed forward neural network is
employed, which is trained with back propagation algorithm. Analysis on neural networks with varying number
of hidden layers and neurons per hidden layer has been provided to validate the choice of the neural networks
in each step. The developed neural network is capable of detecting single line to ground and double line to
ground for all the three phases. Simulation is done using MATLAB Simulink to demonstrate that artificial
neural network based method are efficient in detecting faults on transmission lines and achieve satisfactory
performances. A 300km, 25kv transmission line is used to validate the proposed fault detection system.
Hardware implementation of neural network is done on TMS320C6713.
Isolation and Purification of Secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside oligomers (Lign...IOSR Journals
The present study aimed to extract and purify the compound of Secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside
oligomers (lignan) from flax seed (Linumusitatissimum) and its antioxidant activity. The Lignan was extracted
by solvents which gave the best results were ethanol : 1,4 dioxane (1:1, v:v).SDG release after alkaline
hydrolysisby using a methanolicNaOH , 20 mM, pH=8 at 50 ºC.followed by using following chromatographic
techniques: Liquid-liquid, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, thin layer chromatographic (TLC), high
performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red(FTIR) . The EC50 values of
Pure lignan extract (9 μg/ml) was shown possess DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to reference
substances BHT and vitamin C (EC50= 3 and 4.2 μg/ml) respectively, and this was higher than partial pure
lignan component (EC50= 25.5 μg/ml).The total phenolic content of the pure lignanwas higher than partial
pure lignan which gave 22.312 and 14.85 g/ml respectively.
It is expected that the content will fill some of the gaps in the existing literature and in
the areas of HEV and EV technologies for both regular and off-road vehicles. It will also
help the reader to get a better system-level perspective of these.
There are 5 chapters, Dr.G.Nageswara Rao is the author of Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4,
Chapter 5.
Author very much welcome any input and comments from readers, and will ensure that any corrections or amendments as needed are incorporated into future content.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV)
technologies are vital to the overall automotive industry and also to the user, in terms of
both better fuel economy and a better effect on the environment
A 'gasoline-electric hybrid Vehicle’ or 'hybrid electric vehicle' is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. It has great advantages over the previously used gasoline engine that drives the power from gasoline only. It also is a major source of air pollution.
Presentation on Electric Vehicle By Vivek Atalkar.
An electric vehicle, or EV, is a type of vehicle that uses electricity as its main source of power instead of traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel. EVs are powered by electric motors that run on rechargeable batteries, which can be charged by plugging the vehicle into an electrical outlet or charging station.
There are two types of electric vehicles: battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs are fully electric vehicles that run entirely on battery power and have no backup gasoline engine. PHEVs have both an electric motor and a gasoline engine, and can run on either electricity or gasoline.
Electric vehicles offer several benefits over traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which means they don't contribute to air pollution. They also tend to be more energy-efficient and cost less to operate over the long-term. Additionally, electric vehicles are generally quieter and provide smoother acceleration compared to gasoline-powered vehicles.
One of the main challenges of electric vehicles is their limited range compared to gasoline-powered vehicles, although this is improving as battery technology advances. Another challenge is the availability of charging infrastructure, which is still developing in many parts of the world.
Overall, electric vehicles are an important part of the transition to a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly transportation system.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE PRESENTATION BY PRANAY GHATODE PranayGhatode
Electric vehicles are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered by electric power. The demand for EVs is increasing day by day. As we have several benefits for Electric Vehicles when compared to Gas Vehicles. Here in this informative essay on electric vehicles, we are giving complete details about them.
Electric Vehicles are means of transport that consume eclectic energy as fuel instead of traditional fuels such as petrol, diesel, and CNG. These vehicles may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources or maybe inbuilt with a battery, solar panels, fuel cells, or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity. Electric bikes, electric cars, electric rickshaws, etc are some examples.
A brief Seminar Presentation on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Powertrain Components, Architecture and Modes of Hybridisation. Also includes the Classification of HEV on the basis of Energy Flow.
Hybrid cars are definitely more environmentally friendly than internal-combustion vehicles. Batteries are being engineered to have a long life. When the hybrid cars become more widespread, battery recycling will become economically possible. Research into other energy sources such as fuel cells and renewable fuels make the future look brighter for hybrid cars. EVs, HEVs, FCHVs, and PHEVs have proven to be ineffective solution for current energy and environment concerns. With revolutionary contributions of power electronics and ESSs, electric drive trains totally or partially replace ICEs in these vehicles. Advanced ESSs are aimed at satisfying the energy requirements of hybrid power trains.
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel. Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor. Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Automotive Hybrid Technology Development - Past, Present and FutureShih Cheng Tung
Recognize the importance of national and European Regulations in relation to renewable technologies in the construction and automotive industries.
Discuss environmentally related technologies and materials that are fundamental in a range of industries including construction, structural mechanics, automotive and environmental operations.
Discuss environmental issues related to resource provision and consumption necessary for the manufacture of engineered products, and analyse potential for the application of alternative energy sources.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Knowledge engineering: from people to machines and back
C012261114
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 2 Ver. VI (Mar - Apr. 2015), PP 11-14
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12261114 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Rushikesh Trushar Soni
Mechanical Engineering Department
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
Abstract: Today we face the problem of dwindling fuel resources for vehicles. There is no doubt that the
emission of carbon-dioxide from an automobile exhaust is also a pressing concern for the increasing rate of
global warming. One of the optimistic solutions for such problems is the hybridization of the vehicle. HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE is a combination of a conventional internal combustion engine and an electric propulsion
system. It implies that HEV can be driven on I.C. engine as well as on electric power. HEV produces less
emissions compared to a similar-sized gasoline car as the gasoline engine of the HEV can be geared to run at
maximum efficiency. The significance of electric power train is that it runs with lesser power loss, hence
improving the overall fuel economy. Encouraging hybridization of vehicles can reduce of CO2 emission and
thus the fuel costs. At present, hybrid electric vehicles are widely available in commercial vehicles, military
vehicles and passenger cars.
Keywords: Chain wheel, Freewheel, Reverse one-way clutch, Sprocket
I. Introduction
Recently renewed interest in reducing dependence on fossil fuels, coupled with increasing pressures to
create more environmentally begin modes of transportation, have compelled the automotive and fuel production
industries to investigate alternative fuels. Consumer demand for high maximum power leads to the increased
engine displacement. Since I.C. engine exhibits low efficiency at part load, the mean efficiency of the
propulsion system is decreased. Many researchers have contributed in exploring and evaluating these
alternatives from various perspectives. Daniel and Rosen have discussed the availability, cost, performance and
emission related several issues. Introduction of hybridization in vehicles will solve most of the problems that a
conventional vehicle is facing. The hybrid vehicles, with inherent abilities to significantly reduce fuel
consumption and emissions without compromising with performance and safety are by far emerging as the most
viable and promising alternative option worth considering. This paper mainly explains a type of powertrain
system of HEV.
II. Basics of HEV
2.1 Hybridization
A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle with multiple distinct energy sources which could be separately or
simultaneously operated to propel the vehicle. Many hybridization configurations such as fuel cell, gas turbine,
solar, hydraulic, pneumatic, ethanol, electric and many more are proposed over the years. Among these, the
hybrid electric vehicles, integrating two technically and commercially proven and well established technologies
of electric motors and I.C. engine, allowing drawing upon their individual benefits have been widely accepted
by the technologies and users.
2.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
This is the most commonly adapted hybrid vehicle which combines propulsion sources of an electric
motor and an I.C. engine. The power supply to the electric motor comes from onboard batteries. In a HEV, the
I.C. engine cooperates with an electric motor which leads to a more optimal use of the engine. Driving in city
traffic involves frequent starts and stops of the vehicle. During idling, the engine consumes more fuel without
producing useful work thus contributing to higher fuel consumption, less efficiency and unnecessary emission
from exhaust. The HEV solves the problem by switching to power transmission through the motor and shutting
off the engine. This way no fuel will be consumed during idling with no exhaust emission. Another advantage of
HEV is that when fuel tank gets empty while driving the engine, the vehicle can be driven on electric power
within its maximum range.
2. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12261114 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
III. Types of Hybrid Powertrain
Powertrain in any vehicle refers to the group of components that generate power and deliver it to the
road surface. Hybrid vehicles can be classified into three basic categories of powertrain systems which are
briefly discussed below.
3.1 Series Hybrid
This is an electric power train for which an I.C. engine acts as a generator to charge batteries and/or
provide power to the electric drive motor which can be seen in Fig.1. These vehicles usually have a larger
battery pack and larger motors with smaller I.C. engines.
Figure 1: series hybrid powertrain
They are referred to as "Plug-In Hybrids" (or a Plug-In Electric Vehicle, PHEV) and "Range-Extended
Electrics." The drive train for a series hybrid is mechanically simple, compared to other hybrids. Disadvantages
to this drive train are lower efficiencies at greater trip distances and the higher cost of batteries and components,
since the vehicle is all-electric. Regardless, of the three hybrid options, it is the most efficient in fuel use [1].
3.2 Parallel Hybrid
Figure 2: parallel hybrid powertrain
More mechanically complex than a series hybrid, the parallel power train is dual-driven, allowing both
the combustion engine and the electric motor to propel the car. Fig. 2 shows that the I.C. engine and motor
operate in tandem. Usually the combustion engine operates as the primary means of propulsion and the electric
motor acting as a backup or torque/power booster. The advantages of this are smaller batteries (less weight) and
generally more efficient regenerative braking to both slow the car and capture energy while doing so. Another
advantage is that it can easily be incorporated into existing vehicle models. Most hybrids on the road are of the
parallel type. The major disadvantage of this power train is that it adds more weight to the vehicle without
necessarily shrinking the engine and other components. While the addition of the motor does increase fuel
mileage by allowing the engine to operate at lower rotations per minute (thus using less fuel). These vehicles are
poor highway performers, gaining most of their efficiency in city driving at lower speeds.
3. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12261114 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
3.3 Series-Parallel Hybrid
This drive train is a combination of the two drive train types, allowing for the vehicle to operate as all-
electric (as a series hybrid), as an all combustion vehicle, or as a combination of the two (as a parallel hybrid).
This is the most complex and least efficient powertrain for most applications.
IV. Powertrain using Chain-Sprocket Mechanism
A new type of powertrain is introduced here using freewheels and chain wheels. In parallel hybrid
powertrain system two power sources are mechanically coupled. If they are joined at some axis truly in parallel,
the speeds at this axis must be identical and the supplied torques add together. With cars it is more usual to join
the two sources through a differential gear. Thus the torques supplied must be the same and the speeds add up,
the exact ratio depending on the differential characteristics. When only one of the two sources is being used, the
other must also rotate in an idling manner. In this case, the idle source can be connected to the output shaft using
freewheel or a one-way clutch. When only one of the two sources is being used, the other must still supply a
large part of the torque or be fitted with a reverse one-way clutch or automatic clamp.
The gearbox assembly gets its power from the power-transmitting shaft, which is the most important
component of any vehicle. The power-transmitting shaft is mounted on the chassis at an optimal position and it
is supported by bearings mounted on the chassis. The shaft is connected by a chain-sprocket mechanism.
Figure 3: transmission from engine
The power shaft is welded with total three sprockets. Two of the sprockets are freewheels, the ones that
are connected on the rear wheel of a bicycle. Each of the two freewheels on the shaft are coupled with the
engine input and electric motor input using a chain drive power transmitting assembly and are welded onto the
shaft on its either ends. The uniqueness of freewheel is that it disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft
when the driven shaft rotates faster than the driveshaft. That means, this sprocket transmits power only in one
direction and rotates freely if rotated in the opposite direction. The third sprocket on the shaft is a conventional
chain wheel coupled with the gearbox assembly input using chain drive power transmitting mechanism. This
chain wheel is welded onto the power-transmitting shaft at the center portion. This will make sure that it will
rotate all the time irrespective of whether the power-transmitting shaft is driven by the electric motor or the
engine. The motor output shaft is mounted with the same freewheel as used on the power shaft with same
module and number of teeth since no amplification or reduction of RPM is required.
Figure 4: transmission from motor
The direction of rotation of electric motor is kept opposite to that of the engine crankshaft. So if the
crankshaft is rotated in one direction, power will be transmitted from engine only and electric motor will not
contribute as freewheel mounted on the motor output shaft rotates freely (Fig. 3). Further, if the motor is rotated
in the opposite direction, power will be transmitted through the motor only and not through the crankshaft as
freewheel on the crankshaft will rotate freely (Fig. 4). As a result, it will always drive the gearbox assembly, and
4. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12261114 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
further transmit power to the wheels. The clutch is included in the gearbox assembly. The above-explained
system makes power shaft run by both engine and motor individually.
V. Charging of Batteries
When driving a vehicle on electric motor, the stored energy in the batteries gets used up quickly.
Batteries of a HEV can be charged either by solar charging or through regenerative braking.
5.1 Regenerative braking
A regenerative braking system used in automobiles converts the kinetic energy produced while
stopping the vehicle into a storable energy form, rather than allowing it to dissipate as heat, which is the case in
conventional braking systems. The energy that is recouped during braking is saved and re-routed into the battery
packs, which in turn provides power to the electric motor that then supplements the main drive engine [2].
5.2 Solar battery charging
The solar energy transformation is an efficient way to save even more energy. It increases over all
efficiency as the cost per unit of the electricity can be saved. Charging the battery using solar power will be a
challenge but can turn out to be a good scope for further development as solar power is freely available.
VI. Conclusion
The transmission of power using freewheels and chain wheels is very cheap and reliable. One
disadvantage is that driving on electric power is not a good option for a long distance travel. Though this
combined power train system can become much useful in more stop and go traffic situations. With the use of
this powertrain system, the overall fuel consumption and fuel economy is improved. Such vehicle would run on
fuel but would use its electric motor to boost the power when needed. The cost of HEVs are a little more than
the conventional cars but they more efficient and the exhaust emissions are less.
Acknowledgements
I sincerely thank Dr. S. A. Channiwala (Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, SVNIT, Surat) for
providing his valuable suggestions and indispensable help throughout the project.
References
Journal Papers:
[1]. Satti Swami Reddy, Kola Siva Tharun, Eco Friendly Vehicle, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT),
4(4), April 2013, 957-960.
[2]. Trajkovic, S., Tunestal, P., and Johansson, B., "Vehicle Driving Cycle Simulation of a Pneumatic Hybrid Bus Based on
Experimental Engine Measurements," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0825, 2010, doi:10.4271/2010-01-0825.