Coal Mines How and where are coal mines found in Chhattisgarh Basically, the coal mine of Vishrampur is shown in this, which is spread in its area of ​​Bishrampur or South of Chhattisgarh. There is coal mine in south east along with it there is also coal mine in Parsa Amira . Coal mine is basically of 2 types open casting and underground coal mine. Coal mine of Vishrampur both type. Both types of coal come under the category of mines, in which first open casting is done, after that the underground coal itself comes in different types of coal mines in different districts of Chhattisgarh. There is a coal mine, it has seen different types of uses such as in the food industry, in the cement industry, in the three industries, in the bauxite industry, in the sugarcane industry, as well as in the iron industry. Coal There are four types of coal, which are shown in the following way in this article, so you read and understand this article and how did you like it, definitely write in the comment thank you.

1. • STUDY OF COAL MINE IN
BISHRAMPUR

2. INTRODUCTION:-
• 1.1 Coal mining :-
• is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for
its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to gener
electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of
iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United
Kingdom and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a colliery, a
coal mine is called a ‘pit’, and the above-ground structures are a ‘pit head’.
In Australia, “colliery” generally refers to an underground coal mine.
• Coal mining has had many developments in recent years, from the early
days of men tunneling, digging, and manually extracting the coal on carts to
large open-cut and longwall mines. Mining at this scale requires the use
of draglines, trucks, conveyors, hydraulic jacks and shearers.
• The coal mining industry has a long history of significant
negative environmental impacts on local ecosystems, health impacts on
local communities and workers, and contributes heavily to the global
environmental crises, such as poor air quality and climate change. For these
reasons, coal has been one of the first fossil fuels to be phased out of
various parts of the global energy economy. The major coal producing

3. COAL MINING IN INDIA :-
• During the year 1975 Coal India Limited (CIL) came into existence with the
five subsidiaries namely Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), Eastern Coalfield
Limited (ECL), Western Coalfields Limited (WCL), BCCL and CMPDIL. As the
demand for coal increased in the nation two more organization was formed
by the Central Government in order to balance the demand, production and
investment. The two companies so formed were Northern Coalfields Limited
(NCL) and South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL).
•
• At present CIL has eight subsidiaries viz. BCCL, CCL, ECL, WCL, SECL, NCL,
MCL and CMPDIL . The CIL and its subsidiaries come under the ambit of
Companies Act (1956). CIL adds around 85% of coal production in the nation
which makes coal India the largest producer of coal in India.

5. COAL DEPOSITS IN CHHATTISGARH:-
• The state has 16% of the total coal deposits of India
• 44483 million tonnes coal has been estimated in 12 coalfields of the State located
in Raigarh, Surguja, Koriya and Korba districts.
• The state ranks 2nd in coal production by contributing over 18% to the total
national production.
• Most of the coal deposits are of power grade coal. NTPC & CSEB in Korba are the
major producer of thermal power and new a plant of NTPC has been started in
Seepat, Bilaspur.
• Potential for more power generation units exist in the State. New capacities of
10,000 MW are expected to materialize by 2011.

6. LOCATION & ACCESSIBILITY
• Bishrampur Coalfield falls in the Surguja districts of Chhatisgarah.
Bishrampur is easily accessible from all the other cities and town of
Chhattisgarh by well maintained roads and railways.
• The nearest airports for Bishrampur are Bhilai, Raipur and Bilaspur. The
nearest city is Ambikapur (20 Km) lies in the southern part of the coalfield.
NationalHighway 78 passes through the south west part of the Bishrampur
coalfield. The study area is bounded between North Latitudes 230 00’00” to
23 0 30’00” and East longitudes 820 45’00” to 830 30’00”

7. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF COAL MINES
• The history of coal mining goes back thousands of years, with early mines
documented in ancient China, the Roman Empire and other early historical
economies.
• It became important in the Industrial Revolution of the 19th and 20th
centuries, when it was primarily used to power steam engines, heat
buildings and generate electricity.
• Coal mining continues as an important economic activity today, but has
begun to decline due to the strong contribution coal plays in global
warming and environmental issues, which result in decreasing demand and
Since 1890, coal mining has also been a political and social issue.
• Coal miners’ labour and trade unions became powerful in many countries in
the 20th century, and often, the miners were leaders of
the Left or Socialist movements (as in Britain, Germany, Poland, Japan, Chile,
Canada and the U.S.) Since 1970, environmental issues have been
increasingly important, including the health of miners, destruction of the

8. COAL MINING IN INDIA: THE PAST
• India has a long history of commercial coal mining covering nearly 220 years
starting from 1774 by M/s Sumner and Heatly of East India Company in the
Raniganj Coalfield along the Western bank of river Damodar.
• However, for about a century the growth of Indian coal mining remained
sluggish for want of demand but the introduction of steam locomotives in
1853 gave a fillip to it. Within a short span, production rose to an annual
average of 1 million tonne (mt) and India could produce 6.12 mts. Per year
by 1900 and 18 mts per year by 1920.
• Setting up of the National Coal Development Corporation (NCDC), a
Government of India Undertaking in 1956 with the collieries owned by the
railways as its nucleus was the first major step towards planned
development of Indian Coal Industry. Along with the Singareni Collieries
Company Ltd.
• (SCCL) which was already in operation since 1945 and which became a
Government company under the control of Government of Andhra Pradesh

10. TYPES OF COAL:-
Coal is classified into four main types anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous and lignite
1. Anthracite:- contains 86%–97% carbon and generally has the highest heating value
of all ranks of coal.anthracite is mainly used by the metals industry. Some semi-
anthracites are dense, but softer than anthracite, shiny gray, and somewhat granular
in structure.
2. Bituminous:- coal contains 45%–86% carbon. Bituminous coal in the United States is
between 100 million and 300 million years old. Bituminous coal is used to generate
electricity and is an important fuel and raw material for making coking coal or use in
the iron and steel industry
3. Subbituminous:- coal typically contains 35%–45% carbon, and it has a lower heating
value than bituminous coal.They are non-coking coals. They burn readily and can be
used for household heating as well as for industrial plants.
4. Lignite:- Lignites are brown and of a laminar structure. They are comprised of
remnants of woody fibers. Lignite gets its name from the Latin word lignum, which
means woodUnconsolidated lignites, also known as “brown coals,” are generally

11. USES OF COAL
• Electricity Generation.
• Metal Production
• Cement Production
• Gasification and Liquefaction
• Chemical Production
• Other Industries
• Cooking and Heating

12. EXTRACTION:-
COAL EXTRACTION METHODS VARY DEPENDING ON WHETHER THE MINE IS AN UNDERGROUND MINE OR A
SURFACE (ALSO CALLED OPEN CAST) MINE. ADDITIONALLY, COAL SEAM THICKNESS AND GEOLOGY ARE
FACTORS IN THE SELECTION OF A MINING METHOD. THE MOST ECONOMICAL METHOD OF COAL EXTRACTION
FOR SURFACE MINES IS THE ELECTRIC SHOVEL OR DRAG LINE. THE MOST ECONOMICAL FORM OF
UNDERGROUND MINING IS THE LONG WALL, WHICH INVOLVES USING TWO SPINNING DRUMS WITH CARBIDE BITS
THAT RUNS ALONG SECTIONS OF THE COAL SEAM. MANY COALS EXTRACTED FROM BOTH SURFACE AND
UNDERGROUND MINES REQUIRE WASHING IN A COAL PREPARATION PLANT.
1.Surface Mining:- When coal seams are near the surface, it may be economical to
extract the coal using open-cut (also referred to as open-cast, open-pit, mountaintop
removal or strip) mining methods. Opencast coal mining recovers a greater proportion
of the coal deposit than underground methods, as more of the coal seams in
the strata may be exploited.
2.Strip mining:- Strip mining exposes coal by removing earth above each coal seam.
This earth to be removed is referred to as ‘overburden’ and is removed in long strips.
3.Contour mining:-The contour mining method consists of removing overburden from
the seam in a pattern following the contours along a ridge or around the hillside. This
method is most commonly used in areas with rolling to steep terrain.

13. • 4 . Mountaintop removal mining :- Mountaintop coal mining is a surface mining
practice involving removal of mountaintops to expose coal seams, and disposing of
associated mining overburden in adjacent “valley fills.” Valley fills occur in steep
terrain where there are limited disposal alternatives.
• 5 . Underground mining:-Most coal seams are too deep underground for opencast
mining and require underground mining, a method that currently accounts for
about 60 percent of world coal production. In deep mining, the room and pillar or
bord and pillar method progresses along the seam, while pillars and timber are left
standing to support the mine roof. Once room and pillar mines have been
developed to a stopping poin
• Longwall mining:- accounts for about 50 percent of underground production. The
longwall shearer has a face of 1,000 feet (300 m) or more
• Continuous mining:- utilizes a Continuous Miner Machine with a large rotating
steel drum equipped with tungsten carbide picks that scrape coal from the seam.
Operating in a “room and pillar” .
• Room and pillar mining:- consists of coal deposits that are mined by cutting a

14. IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
• Environment and Health are inter-related. The harmful impact of coal mining degrades
the environment in particular, and the human being is well surrounded by the
environment; so any damage cost to the environment will result in health degradation of
the people. The mining companies are not serious in terms of the problems related to air
pollution. MCL lauds itself to the fact that they use blast-less technology which prevents
dust generation but it seemed that either the technology is a complete failure or MCL is
not serious about it. During the field study it was also found out that the mitigation
measure is not taken by the mining company in a regular fashion. For instance, water
sprinkling, manual sweeping is not done regularly etc.
• Water Pollution
• Villagers are very much concerned with the pollution of water bodies in their areas.
Villagers claimed that the dirty water which consists of coal sludge and coal waste are left
out in the water bodies which not only makes water unfit for drinking but also makes
water unfit for any domestic work such as cleansing, bathing etc.
• Noise Pollution
• Exploration of minerals includes number of process. In the context of coal, the major
activities includes blasting, drilling. Blasting and drilling works which takes place at the

15. CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE :-
• In the present study, land use/ vegetation cover mapping has been carried out based
on Resources at LISS III satellite data of January, 2013 in order to generate the
database on land use/vegetation cover in Bishrampur Coalfield for monitoring the
impact of coal mining on land environment. The land use/cover data will be helpful in
assessing the impact of coal mining on land environment and in formulating the
mitigation measures required, if any. Study reveals that the total area of settlements
which includes urban, rural and industrial settlements is very scanty in the Bishrampur
and covers only 13.80 km2 (1.30%) area.. Vegetation cover which includes dense
forests, open forests, scrubs, avenue plantation & plantation on over-burden dumps,
covers an area of 245.97 km2 (23.20%). The analysis further indicates that total
agricultural land which includes both crop and fallow land covers an area of 751.24
km2 (70.85%). The mining area which includes coal quarry, advance quarry site, barren
OB dump covers 7.31 km2 (0.69%) and sand body covers 0.16 km2 (.02%). Surface
water bodies covered area of 14.15km2 (1.33%) of total coverage of 1060.29 km2
(100%) area.
• Koyala Darpan / Coal Dashboard”. Retrieved 17 February 2022.

16. *THANK
YOU.*