Building Services Project 2 Diary

CONTENT
No. Table of Content Page
1.0 Introduction 3-6
2.0 Info & Data 7
2.1 Electric Supply System 8-11
2.2 Cold Water & Hot Water Supply System 12-16
2.3 Sewerage & Sanitary System 17-19
2.4 Rainwater / Surface Drainage Management 20-22
3.0 Drawings 23-31
4.0 Summary 32-33
5.0 Appendix 34
6.0 References 35

1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction to Project
1.2. Introduction to Building

1.0. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction to Project
This is an individual project to apply building services systems to a domestic sized building. This
exercise requires us to demonstrate our understanding on the application by producing technical
drawings incorporating the necessary building services.
By so, we need to have a public building for each of us, it must have site plan, building plans and
roof plan of the building. In this case, we will use our Design Studio IV final project for this
assignment, which is a school for alternative education programme.
We have to provide a proposal for the most appropriate systems for the building, which include
the following systems to demonstrate our understanding in this module:
i) Electrical Supply System
ii) Cold Water and hot Water Supply System
iii) Sewerage and Sanitary System
iv) Rainwater/ Surface Water Drainage System
These systems form part the plans for Building Plan Approval to Local Authorities. Hence, it is
essential for an architect to understand the systems well.
The purpose of this exercise is to familiarize us with the application of the systems and apply
them in the design proposals. It will also demonstrate our understanding in applying what we have
learnt from the module.
4

The building I use in this project is my own building from the Design Studio IV, which is an AEP
(Alternative Education Program) school. As it is a school, it consists of several cluster. The part that I
choose for this proposal is the Student Piazza.
Since the AEP that acts as my concept is the Reggio Emilia Approaches, the students of the school
require no formal classrooms, instead, they learn in a broad open space together with the other
classmates and also with the teachers.
The purpose of the Student Piazza is the main indoor learning area in the school, serve as a drawing
room, a sculpture room, a drama room and also a students’ works gallery. For convenience and
safety purposes, the pantry and the washroom is located at the end of the Student Piazza block, just
beside the piazza.
1.0. INTRODUCTION
5
Roof Plan
Scale NTS

1.0. INTRODUCTION
Student Piazza Block Ground Floor Plan (Spatial Organization)
6

2.0
INFO & DATA
2.1. Electrical Supply System
2.2. Cold Water & Hot Water Supply System
2.3. Sewerage & Sanitary Systemm
2.4. Rainwater / Surface Drainage Management

2.0. INFO & DATA
（i）Overview
All electrical power supplied to buildings is in the form of alternating current (AC) but the voltage
differs. Malaysia follows the British standard of 230 VAC, range +10%, -6%. Frequency is 50Hz +
1%. In the three phase TNB meter, the Live wires are colour coded as red, yellow, and blue. The
black wire is neutral and green is the earth/ground wire.
It important that the electrical system have all the following element in this sequence to protect the
building’s wiring, appliances and the users from dangers caused by over current, earth leakage
current, short circuit, and lightning.
(ii) Laws
1. MS 1979: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS OF BUILDINGS - CODE OF PRACTICE COP 05:
Earthing of equipment
All metal enclosures of electrical equipment shall be earthed (connected to a protective conductor).
In addition, water and gas pipes, structural metal parts of the building and the ducting of the air
conditioning system shall also be connected to the main equipotential bonding.
2. MS 1979: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS OF BUILDINGS - CODE OF PRACTICE COP 28:
Cables installed behind walls
Where cables are installed buried behind walls, they shall be installed horizontally or vertically i.e.
parallel to the edges of the room. Subject to the dimensions of the columns and beams, they shall be
within 150 mm from the top of the walls and 150 mm from the edge of the wall.
8

2.0. INFO & DATA
(iii) Equipment
1. 3 phase kilowatt-hour meter
A kilowatt-hour meter (kWh) is the electric meter that measures the amount
of electrical energy in kWh that was consumed in the building. It has a
counter display that counts units of kilowatt-hour (kWh). The energy
consumption is calculated by calculating the difference of the counter’s
reading in the specified period.
2. 3 phase distribution board
A distribution board, also known as panelboard, breaker panel, or electric
panel) is a component of an electricity supply system that divides an
electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse
or circuit breaker for each circuit in a common enclosure.
3. Earth-leakage circuit breaker
An Earth-leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is a safety device used in electrical
installations with high Earth impedance to prevent shock. It detects small
stray voltages on the metal enclosures of electrical equipment, and interrupts
the circuit if a dangerous voltage is detected. The main purpose of Earth
leakage protectors is to prevent injury to humans and animals due to electric
shock.
9

2.0. INFO & DATA
(iii) Equipment
4. Closed-circuit Television (CCTV)
Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance, is the
use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited
set of monitors. It is used at areas where security is needed, such as a
school.
5.Exhaust fan
The exhaust fan is placed inside the washroom, for ventilating the interior
by drawing air from the interior and expelling it outside. It remove steam,
smoke, or unpleasant smells from a room or building.
6.High-volume -low-speed ceiling fan
A high-volume low-speed (HVLS) fan is generally ceiling fans although
some are pole mounted. HVLS fans move slowly and distribute large
amounts of air at low rotational speed– hence the name "high volume, low
speed." HVLS fans are used in spaces, where air conditioning is more
common, but increased air movement from ceiling fans can cost-effectively
augment occupant comfort or prevent stratification. Typical commercial
applications include shopping malls, churches, office buildings, fitness
centers and schools.
10

2.0. INFO & DATA
(iii) Equipment
7. 2-light white ceiling strip fluorescent light (T8 40 watt 4’
longtubes)
A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light
much more efficiently than incandescent lamps. The lower
energy cost typically offsets the higher initial cost. Hence it is
used as an energy-saving alternative in buildings.
8. Ceiling mounted emergency light
An emergency light is a battery-backed lighting device that
switches on automatically when a building experiences a power
outage. Emergency lights are standard in most buildings which
has high occupancy, such as residential buildings or school.
11

(i) Overview
A hot and cold water supply system supplies the hot and cold water to the water outlets; water
faucets, shower, water closet WC & ect. A hot and cold water supply system comprises the heating
mechanism, the water pumping mechanism, and the piping network that transports the hot and cold
water throughout the building including the valves and fittings used in the process.
(ii) Laws
1. UBBL Section 84: Prevention of Dampness
(I) Suitable measures shall be taken to prevent the penetration of dampness and moisture into a
building.
2. UBBL Section 89: Chase
A chase made in a wall for pipes and other service facilities shall leave the wall at the back of the
chase not less than 100 millimetres thick in external walls and not less than 100 millimetres thick in a
party wall and shall be not wider than 200 millimetres.
3. UBBL Section 123: Pipes & Service Ducts
(1) Where ducts or enclosures are provided in any building to accommodate pipes, cables or
conduits the dimensions of such ducts or enclosures shall be
(a) adequate for the accommodation of the pipes, cables or conduits and for crossings of branches
and mains together with supports and fixing; and
(b) sufficiently large to permit access to cleaning eyes. stop cocks and other controls there 10
enable repairs, extensions and modifications to be made to each or all of the services
accommodated.
2.0. INFO & DATA
12

2.0. INFO & DATA
13
(iii) Equipment
1. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) water tank
A water tank is a container for storing water. Water tanks are used to
provide storage of water for use in many applications, drinking water,
irrigation agriculture, fire suppression, agricultural farming, both for
plants and livestock, chemical manufacturing, food preparation as well
as many other uses. Water tank parameters include the general design
of the tank, and choice of construction materials, linings. High-density
polyethylene (HDPE) is a polyethylene thermoplastic made from
petroleum. With a high strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the
production of plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping,
geomembranes, and plastic lumber. HDPE is commonly recycled.
2. Gate valve
A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve which opens by
lifting a round or rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid.
Gate valves are primarily used to permit or prevent the flow of liquids,
but typical gate valves shouldn't be used for regulating flow, unless
they are specifically designed for that purpose.
3. Stop cock
A stopcock is a form of ball valve used to control the flow of a liquid or
gas. Compared to the progressive control provided by a gate valve, the
stopcock is coarse, confining use principally to on-off
applications.Stopcocks are used to grossly regulate the flow of tap
water in building services.

2.0. INFO & DATA
14
(iii) Equipment
4. Water meter
Water meters are used to measure the volume of water used by
residential and commercial buildings that are supplied with water by a
public water supply system. Water meters measure the amount of
water your household or business uses. This measurement is used to
accurately charge for the water you use. It is also very useful in gauge
how much water are in use, and also occurrences of water leaks.
5. Float valve
Ballcocks also known as float valves, are found in water tanks and are
used to control the flow of water into the tank. They work by rising with
the water level in the tank which in turn activates a lever which then
shuts the valve.
6. Hot water boiler
Heater uses an energy source to heat water above its initial
temperature. Typical uses of hot water include cooking, cleaning,
bathing, and space heating. In school, hot water is provided for the
students to washes specified apparatus and also aid them on building
sculpture or other project model.

2.0. INFO & DATA
15
(iii) Equipment
7. Toilet
A toilet is a sanitation fixture used for the storing or disposal of human
urine and feces. These are connected to a sewer system in most
urban areas and to septic tanks in less built-up areas.
8. Urinal
A urinal is a sanitary plumbing fixture for urination only, predominantly
used by males. It can take the form of a container or simply a wall,
with drainage and automatic or manual flushing, or without flush water
as is the case for waterless urinals.
9. Basin & sink
Basin is a bowl-shaped plumbing fixture used for washing hands,
dishwashing, and other purposes. Sinks have taps (faucets) that
supply hot and cold water and may include a spray feature to be used
for faster rinsing. They also include a drain to remove used water; this
drain may itself include a strainer and/or shut-off device and an
overflow-prevention device.

2.0. INFO & DATA
16
(iii) Equipment
10. uPVC pipe (class D)
uPVC pipe (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride) is used for the majority of
plastic pipes, as it is incredibly resistant to chemical erosion and has
smoother inner walls that help to encourage water flow. It also
functions well in a wide range of temperatures and operating
pressures. It is incredibly strong, stiff and cost-effective, and so is
often used for sewage lines and exterior drainage pipes.
11. Copper pipe
Copper pipe is commonly used to transport hot and cold tap water in
buildings as it can withstand high temperature better than PVC pipe.
These copper pipes are also more durable, non-acidic and are
corrosion resistant.

2.0. INFO & DATA
2.3. Sewerage & Sanitary System
(i) Overview
A sanitary sewer or "foul sewer" is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting
sewage from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment facilities or disposal.
Sanitary sewers are part of an overall system called a sewerage or sewage system.
Sewage may be treated to control water pollution before discharge to surface waters. Sanitary
sewers serving industrial areas also carry industrial wastewater.
Separate sanitary sewer systems are designed to transport sewage alone. In municipalities served
by sanitary sewers, separate storm drains may convey surface runoff directly to surface waters.
Sanitary sewers are distinguished from combined sewers, which combine sewage with stormwater
runoff in one pipe. Sanitary sewer systems are beneficial because they avoid combined sewer
overflows.
(ii) Laws
1. Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 Section 56: Rainwater pipes not to be used as soil
pipes
(1) No pipe used for the carrying off of rainwater from any roof shall be used for the purpose of
carrying off the soil or drainage from any privy or water-closet or any sullage water.
(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding
five hundred ringgit and shall also be liable to a further fine not exceeding one hundred ringgit for
every day during which the offence is continued after conviction.
2. Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 Section 57: Water pipes, etc., not to be used as ventilating
shafts
(1) No water pipe, stack pipe or downspout used for conveying surface water from any premises
shall be used or be permitted to serve or to act as a ventilating shaft to any drain or sewer.
(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding
five hundred ringgit and shall also be liable to a further fine not exceeding one hundred ringgit for
every day during which the offence is continued after conviction.
17

2.0. INFO & DATA
(iii) Equipment
1. Vent Cowl
Venting cowls are an indispensable element for the proper functioning of
each gravitational sewage system.
2. Floor trap
Traps prevent ingress of foul air, insects and vermin from the sewers into
the building and resist the spread of disease. Traps acts as a water seal.
Nahni Trap is provided to prevent the foul gasses entering into the
building by providing the water seal. Minimum 50 mm depth of water seal
should be provided. Whether waste water is flowing or not, floor trap
prevents the foul gases / bad smell to enter the building.
3. Gully trap
A gully trap is provided outside the building before connecting to external
sewerage line. It also collects used water from the kitchen sink, wash
basins, baths and wash area. Gully Trap is provided to prevent the foul
gases entering the building by providing water seal. It has deep water
seal of minimum 50 mm depth and it also prevents entry of bugs and
insects from sewer line to waste water pipes.
4. P-trap
A P-trap is a plumbing fixture that has several purposes. It traps debris
that has drained from the sink and prevents it from forming a clog deep
within the plumbing system, and to stops sewer gases from passing into
the building.
18

2.0. INFO & DATA
(iii) Equipment
5. Manhole
A manhole is the top opening to an underground utility vault used to
house an access point for making connections, inspection, valve
adjustments or performing maintenance on underground and buried
public utility and other services including water, sewers, telephone,
electricity, storm drains, district heating and gas.
smoother inner walls that help to encourage water flow. It also
functions well in a wide range of temperatures and operating
pressures. It is incredibly strong, stiff and cost-effective, and so is
often used for sewage lines and exterior drainage pipes.
7. VCP
Vitrified clay pipe (VCP) is pipe made from a blend of clay and shale
that has been subjected to high temperature to achieve vitrification, a
process which results in a hard, inert ceramic. VCP is commonly used
in gravity sewer collection mains because of its long life and
resistance to almost all domestic and industrial sewage, particularly
the sulfuric acid that is generated by hydrogen sulfide, a common
component of sewage. Only hydrofluoric acid and highly concentrated
caustic wastes are known to attack VCP. Such wastes would not be
permitted to be discharged into a municipal sewage collection system
without adequate pretreatment.
19

(i) Overview
A roof must be designed with a suitable fall to allow the rainwater to discharge. The water drains into
a gutter that is fed into a downpipe. Water falls towards a parapet gutter, a valley gutter or an eaves
gutter. When two pitched roofs meet at an angle, they also form a pitched valley gutter: the join is
sealed with valley flashing. Parapet gutters and valley gutters discharge into internal rainwater pipes
or directly into external downpipes at the end of the run. Gutters prevent water ingress into the fabric
of the building by channelling the rainwater away from the exterior of the walls and their foundations.
Water running down the walls causes dampness in the affected rooms and provides a favourable
environment for growth of mould, and wet rot in timber.
The regular surface drainage systems, which start functioning as soon as there is an excess of
rainfall or irrigation applied, operate entirely by gravity.
(ii) Laws
1. UBBL Clauses 115: Roof coverings and drainage
All roofs of buildings shall be so constructed as to drain effectually to suitable and sufficient
channels, gutters, chutes or troughs which shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of
these By-Laws for receiving and conveying all water which may fall on and from the roof.
2. Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 Section 55: Penalty
(1) Any person who without the prior written permission of the local authority--
(a) makes or causes to be made any drain into any of the drains or into any canal or stream under
the control of the local authority;
(b) closes up stops or deviates any drains;
shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand ringgit, and a Magistrate's Court on
the application of the local authority, shall make a mandatory order requiring the owner to demolish,
alter, re-make or otherwise deal with such drain as the Court thinks fit.
2.0. INFO & DATA
20

2.0. INFO & DATA
(iii) Equipment
1. Rainwater downpipe & gutter
A downpipe is a pipe for carrying rainwater from a roof gutter to the
ground or to a drain; A gutter is a long, hollow device that is attached
to the edges of a roof to catch rain and carry it away from a building.
It’s a component of water discharge system for a building. Water from
a pitched roof flows down into a valley gutter, a parapet gutter or an
eaves gutter.Gutters prevent water ingress into the fabric of the
building by channelling the rainwater away from the exterior of the
walls and their foundations. [4]
Water running down the walls causes
dampness in the affected rooms and provides a favourable
environment for growth of mould, and wet rot in timber.
2. Darin sump
A sump is a low space that collects often undesirable liquids such as
water or chemicals. A sump can also be an infiltration basin used to
manage surface runoff water and recharge underground aquifers.
Sump can also refer to an area in a cave where an underground flow
of water exits the cave into the earth.
21

2.0. INFO & DATA
(iii) Equipment
3. Monsoon drain
Monsoon drains or canals are harsh environments. Flowing through
urban areas, they are subjected to urban runoff, pollution, and also
frequent, severe flash flooding during heavy rainfall, which results in
sudden and rapid increase in depth, volume and flow of water. Most of
these drains discharge into the sea with a few exceptions.
smoother inner walls that help to encourage water flow. It also functions
well in a wide range of temperatures and operating pressures. It is
incredibly strong, stiff and cost-effective, and so is often used for
sewage lines and exterior drainage pipes.
5. Concrete Apron
Concrete typically between the asphalt and curb; a concrete apron is an
extension of a slab either in front of the dock doors, or around the
perimeter of the building.
22

3.0. DRAWINGS
A1 Drawings Table of Content:
1. Site Plan 1:250
2. Ground Plan 1:100 & Electrical Supply System
3. Reflected Ceiling Plan 1:100 & Cold Water & Hot Water Supply System
4. Ground Plan 1:100 & Sewerage & Sanitary System Supply System
5. Roof Plan 1:100 & Rainwater / Surface Drainage Management
6. Cold Water & Hot Water Supply System 1:75
7. Sewerage & Sanitary System Schematic Diagram 1:75
24

4.0
SUMMARY
Summary & Conclusion

4.0. SUMMARY
In conclusion, it is very important for an architect to understand and design the systems properly in
order to make the house livable and also functional, and not cause serious problem that could affect
the user seriously. And hence the user could use the building and live in the building more
comfortably if the architect understands the function and design the building effectively.
As an architecture student, I learned a lot from this project, which include how the systems function
in a building, such as the electrical system, cold water and hot water supply system, sewerage and
sanitary system and rainwater, surface drainage management. Besides, I also learn about the
equipments that build up the system and their function, such as the gully trap and manhole in the
sewerage and sanitary system, the ELCB in the electrical supply system, the UPVC and PCV pipes
in most of the system, the downpipe and the gutter in the roof drainage system.
In conclusion, all of the equipment is very important respectively in order to build up a functional
system. The system must be build up properly to avoid serious damages to the building or the user.
I hope that the knowledge I gain here could be used one day as a professional architect to design
and build functional and nice building for the people to use or live in.
33

5.0
APPENDIX
PROGRESSION COMPILE

6.0
REFERENCES
Credits & Citations

6.0. REFERENCES
Understanding Malaysian Residential Electrical Systems. (n.d.). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from
http://www.renorepairs.my/library/electrical/home-electrical-systems/what-is-3-phase-and-single-pha
se/
What is kilowatt-hour (kWh)? (n.d.). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from
http://www.rapidtables.com/electric/kWh.htm
Edwards, M. (n.d.). 1 and 2 Gang Switches | 1 Gang 2 Way | Difference Between Gang Switches.
Retrieved July 05, 2017, from http://www.diydoctor.org.uk/projects/what-is-a-gang-switch.htm
(n.d.). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from
https://www.watercare.co.nz/common-content/water-meters/Pages/default.aspx
PVC vs uPVC. (n.d.). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from http://www.diffen.com/difference/PVC_vs_uPVC
Norleeza Follow. (2016, March 06). Cold and hot water supply system. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/norleeza/cold-and-hot-water-supply-system
What is a Floor Trap (Nahni Trap)? (2016, November 10). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from
https://gharpedia.com/floor-trap-nahni-trap/
What is a Gully Trap? (2016, November 18). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from
https://gharpedia.com/gully-trap/
(n.d.). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from
http://www.st.gov.my/index.php/en/policies/acts/electricity-supply-act-1990
MS 1979: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS OF BUILDINGS - CODE OF PRACTICE : Standards
Malaysia : Free Download & Streaming. (n.d.). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from
https://archive.org/details/ms.1979.2007
36

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