Building Service (Project 2: Diary)

Building Services BLD 60903/ ARC 2423
March 2017

PROJECT 2: BUILDING SERVICES DIARY
‐ Electrical Supply System
‐ Water Supply System
‐ Sewerage and Sanitary System
‐ Rainwater/ Surface Drainage System

Name: Alexandra Go
Student ID: 0325342
Tutor: Mr. Azim Sulaiman

TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Systems
2.1 Electrical Supply System 2
             2.1.1 Introduction
             2.1.2 Fittings and Equipment
             2.1.3 Operation of System
             2.1.4 Related Rules and Regulations
2.2 Water Supply System   5
             2.2.1 Introduction
             2.2.4 UBBL Requirements
2.3 Sewerage and Sanitary System 8
             2.3.1 Introduction
2.4 Rainwater / Surface Drainage System 11
             2.4.1 Introduction
3.0 Drawings 14
4.0. Conclusion 21
5.0 References 22

1 | P a g e

1.0 INTRODUCTION
For this project, we are to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding on the application
by producing technical drawings incorporating the necessary building services that we have
learnt throughout the module.

We are to use our Architecture Design Studio 4’s final project for this assignment. The purpose
of this exercise is to familiarize the students with the application of the systems and apply
them in the design proposals.

In this particular project, we are to incorporate site plan, building plans and roof plan. We
need to demonstrate our understanding of building services by providing the most
appropriate systems for the building, which include:

i. Electrical supply system
ii. Cold water and hot water supply system
iii. Sewerage and sanitary system
iv. Rainwater / surface water drainage system

As these systems form part the plans for Building Plan Approval to Local Authorities, it is
essential for an architect to understand the system well. These drawings must be reproduced
into a computer aided drawings with annotations which describe the planning and installation
of all building services required.

We are also to include specific clauses from the Uniform Building By‐Law (UBBL) or other
relevant Acts, Laws or guidelines that narrate to the proposed systems into our presentation
drawings.

2 | P a g e

2.0 SYSTEMS
Building systems such as electrical supply system, cold water and hot water supply system,
sewerage and sanitary system and rainwater / surface water drainage systems can be easily
found in all buildings and are very important in our daily lives. These systems are the basic
fundamentals that allows buildings to perform efficiently.

2.1 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM
2.1.1 INTRODUCTION
Electrical supply system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer
and use electric power. In Malaysia, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is the sole provider for
electricity supply. It mainly uses coal, oil and gas to generate electrical power. Some power
plants also uses hydropower and biomass to generate electricity.

2.1.2 FITTINGS AND EQUIPMENT
Many different fittings and equipment are needed to form a complete electrical supply
system to provide a comfortable environment for a space in a building. Below are the fittings
and equipment for the electrical supply system in my Design Studio final project.

1. Meter Box

2. Distribution Board (3 phase)

Electricity is fed to the meter box from the service
fuses to measure the electrical usage in terms of
kilowatt hour (kWh). The incoming fuse and the
meter box are the property of TNB. Tampering with
them is a criminal offence.
A distribution board is found in domestic houses and
smaller premises, it distributes electricity to other
areas in the building. To prevent total power loss,
most buildings which has high demand for electricity
uses the three phase system.
The distribution board contains a main isolating
switch that switches off everything. A fuse or
miniature circuit breaker (MCB) is used in each circuit.
It cuts the power to an individual circuit in an event of
high fault current. Different circuits may have
different rated MCB to protect the individual circuit.

3 | P a g e

3. One‐way switches

4. 13 amp power sockets

5. Lights

6. Ceiling Fans

2.1.3 OPERATION OF SYSTEM
1. Incoming Fuses
The main cables that carries the electricity are terminated at the incoming service fuses,
preventing a major fault in a building from affecting the rest of the neighbourhood.

2. TNB Meter
From the service fuses (also known as incoming fuses), the electricity is fed to the TNB meter
to measure the usage of electricity in Kilowatt.

3. Consumer box
The consumer box contains a main isolating switch that switches off everything. It has at least
one Residual Current Device (RCD). It also has an earth connection blocks which connects
earth to the various circuits. A single or double neutral connection blocks which supplies the
neutral connection to the neutral wires of the various circuits. A fuse or miniature circuit
A one‐way switch operates as a make or break switch.
When turned on, two terminals connect, allowing
electricity to flow to the electrical equipment in a
room. The contact between two terminals is cut off
when the switch is turned off.
Power sockets connects electrical operated
equipment to the alternating current (AC) power
supply in a building. This allows the electrical
equipment to work.
Lights provides artificial lightings in a room when
necessary.
Fans help ventilate a space when natural ventilation
is lacking.

4 | P a g e

breaker (MCB) is used in each circuit. It cuts the power to the individual circuit in the event of
high fault current. To protect an individual circuit, there are different rated MCB for different
circuits.

4. Wiring
The electrical wirings in a building links the light and power sockets to the main consumer box.
The usage of correct wire diameter/rating is very important based on the load requirements.

2.1.4 RELATED RULES AND REGULATIONS

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY ACT 1997 ACT‐477
REGULATION 15 ‐ Apparatus, Conductor, Accessory, etc.
Any conductor that is exposed to weather, water corrosion, under heating or used in
inflammable surroundings or in an explosive atmosphere shall be constructed or
protected in such a manner to prevent danger.
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY ACT 1997 ACT‐477
REGULATION 16 ‐ Switch, Switch Fuse, Circuit Breaker, Conductor, Fuse, etc.
a) Fuse and circuit breakers are arranged in such a manner as to break the current
when it exceeds a given value of sufficient time to prevent danger.
b) Constructed, guarded, or placed in a manner to prevent danger of overheating and
arching from the scattering of hot metals or other substances.

5 | P a g e

2.2 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of a water supply system is to deliver water to consumers with appropriate
quality, quantity and pressure. Besides delivering water, the water supply system also
provides water storage, as well as provides flow and pressure adequate for fire protection.
The water quality must not deteriorate in the distribution pipes and the pipes must be water‐
tight to prevent water loss. Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor (SYABAS) is responsible to regulate
the service for the existing water supply system in Selangor.

Different fittings and equipment required in a water supply system to provide a comfortable
toilet or kitchen in a building. Below are the fittings and equipment for the water supply
system in my Design Studio final project.

1. Gate Valve

2. Water Meter

3. Stop Cock

The gate valve is used to control the pressure and
flow of the incoming water from the service pipes to
the water storage tank.
The water meter measures the amount of water used
by a residential or commercial buildings that are
supplied with water by a public water supply. It is
usually installed right outside a building.
The stop cock is used to control the water flow in a
distribution pipe. It is usually only used when
maintenance of the pipes are required. Its
progressive control is coarse compared to a gate
valve, confining their use principally to on & off
applications.

6 | P a g e

4. PVC Pipe

5. Water Storage Tank

6. Hot Water Tank

7. Copper Distribution Pipe

Used as:
Scour pipes, Overflow pipes, Supply pipes, Vent pipes,
Distribution pipes

PVC pipes has great weight advantage compared to
other piping materials. They are light, has high
flexibility and are relatively safer to use (non‐toxic
and flame resistant).
Water storage tanks stores clean water. The water in
this tank is usually used to provide water in
bathrooms. It prevents a building from lacking water
during water shortages.
A hot water tank uses electricity to heat up incoming
water from the storage tank before distributing the
hot water to the targeted fittings and equipment. It
can store a certain amount of hot water for a certain
period.
Copper pipes are only used to distribute the hot water
from the hot water tank to the water taps. The pipes
are durable and are good at handling heat without
losing strength or shape. It is also resistant to
corrosion and high water pressure.

7 | P a g e

8. Sinks

9. Toilet Bowl

Water from the public main pipes will pass through the sub main pipes and the
communication pipes, then the water meter before entering the premises of a building. The
water pressure of the public main supply must be high in order to transfer the water up into
the water storage tank at the roof level. Stop cocks are installed between the distribution
pipes to ease the maintenance process.

Water in the kitchen is directly supplied from the service pipes. The water for the toilets are
distributed from the water storage tanks through the distribution pipes. Hot water is
distributed through the copper pipes. A water storage tank contains stop cock, ball valve,
overflow pipe and scour pipe to ensure the water level and for the ease of maintenance.

2.2.4 UBBL REQUIREMENTS
There are toilet sinks and kitchen sinks. They allow
people to wash their hands or other things by
dispensing water from the taps. Dirty water is then
removed through the drain. It can also hold a certain
volume of water.
The toilet bowls flush away human wastes, keeping
the toilet clean from the sewage and smell.
UBBL SECTION 89 ‐ CHASE
A chase made in a wall for pipes and other service facilities shall leave the wall at the
back of the chase not less than 100mm thick in external wall and party walls and not
wider than 200mm.
UBBL SECTION 123 ‐ PIPES AND SERVICE DUCTS
a) Adequate for the accommodation of pipes, cables and conduits and for crossing
of branches and mains.
b) Sufficiently large to permit access to clearing eyes, stop cocks and other controls
to enable repairs and modifications.

8 | P a g e

2.3 SEWERAGE AND SANITARY SYSTEM
2.3.1 INTRODUCTION
Sewerage and sanitary system carries sewage from bathrooms and kitchens to a wastewater
treatment plant where the sewage is filtered, treated and discharged into nearby rivers.

The main wastewater treatment plant in Malaysia is Indah Water Konsortium (IWK). IWK is
responsible for operating and maintaining the public sewage treatment plants and a network
of underground sewerage pipelines.

Different fittings and equipment required in a sewerage and sanitary system to provide a
comfortable environment in a building. Below are the fittings and equipment for the
sewerage and sanitary system in my Design Studio final project.

1. UPVC Pipes

2. Floor Traps

3. Manholes

Used as:
Waste pipe, Sewer pipe

UPVC pipes offers a tremendous weight advantage
over alternative piping materials. They are light in
weight, high flexibility and flame resistant.
Floor traps are used to trap bigger substances from
entering the drain pipes to prevent blockage. Some
floor traps acts as a seal that prevents sewer gases
from passing from the drain pipes back into a space
of a building.
The manholes are the top openings to the
underground utility vault. These manhole openings
allow an access point for making connections,
inspections, valve adjustments and performing
maintenance underground.

9 | P a g e

4. Gully Trap

5. Septic Tank

6. Vent Pipe

Wastewater and sewage from the bathroom and kitchen will flow through the main drainage
pipe and to the inspection chamber or manholes. The inspection chambers allows authorities
to access the sanitary or storm sewers without having to dig underground to inspect the pipes.
The sewage will flow into the septic tank after passing through the inspection chambers
through a sewer pipe at 1:80 gradient.

The septic tanks removes solids from the wastewater and at the same time, provides a
clarified effluent for disposal to the drain field. Although septic tanks are cheaper to install, it
has high risk of overflowing when not emptied regularly. It can only store sludge that is
approximately one third of its total volume. Regular desludging or removal of the
accumulated sludge in the tank is critical to prevent water pollution.

LAWS OF MALAYSIA ACT 133
SECTION 56
No pipe used for the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for carrying off
the soil or drainage from any privy or water closet or any sulphate water.
Gully traps receives the piped wastewater from
kitchen and bathroom before it is emptied into the
sewers. The basin of the gully trap has a water seal
which prevents foul odour from reaching the surface
or a building.
Septic tanks are underground tanks where sewage is
collected and allowed to decompose through
bacterial activity before draining by means of a
leaching field.
Vent pipe is a pipe which is placed on top of the roof.
It is connected to the sanitary system in a building. A
vent pipe allows the gas and foul odour produced by
the sewage to be released away from ground level.

10 | P a g e

SECTION 57
No water pipe, stack pipe or downspout used for the conveying of surface water from
any premises shall be used to serve or to act as a ventilating shaft to any drain or sewer.
SECTION 61
The local authority may erect or fix to any building such as pipes as are necessary for the
ventilation of the drains and sewers belonging to it.
WATER SERVICES INDUSTRY ACT 2006
SECTION 59
Requiring all premises is at all times properly drained for sewage in accordance to the
Act by a sufficient private connection pipe communicating with a public sewer or public
sewerage system.
WATER SERVICES INDUSTRY ACT 2006
SECTION 63
The government may direct the owner or management of any premises to install or
construct a private sewerage system or septic for the premises.
SEWERAGE SERVICES ACT 508
An act to demand and consolidate the laws relation to sewerage systems and sewerage
services throughout Malaysia for the sole purpose of improving sanitation and the
environment and promoting public health and to provide for matters connected there
with and incidental there.

11 | P a g e

2.4 RAINWATER / SURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
2.4.1 INTRODUCTION
The rainwater or surface water drainage system is a system which drains the storm water
from the roof or the surface of a building to a rainwater downpipe. These water are then sent
to the water treatment plant to be treated into usable or consumable water.

The department responsible for the construction and maintenance of the local drainage
system (trunk drains and secondary drains) is the Department of Irrigation and Drainage
Malaysia (DID). DID is also responsible for the rivers which may flow within and outside the
local authorities areas.

Many different fittings and equipment are needed to form a complete rainwater / surface
drainage system to provide a comfortable environment around a building. Below are the
fittings and equipment for the rainwater / surface drainage system in my Design Studio final
project.

1. Rainwater Downpipe

2. Gutter

3. Perimeter Drainage

Rainwater downpipes collects run‐off water from the
roof gutters. The water then flows into the rainwater
downpipe and is channelled to the perimeter drain.
This protects the foundation of a building from water
damage.
Gutters are narrow trough or duct installed beneath
the edge of a roof. It is used to collect rainwater that
flows down from the roof of a building. The collected
rainwater is then disposed through the rainwater
downpipe.
Perimeter drains are installed around the perimeter
of a building to collect the surface water around the
building and rainwater from rainwater downpipes. It
prevents surface water from penetrating or damaging
the foundations of a building.

12 | P a g e

4. Drain Sump

5. UPVC Pipe

6. Monsoon Drain

Rainwater will run‐off from the sloped roof to the gutter. From the gutter, collected rainwater
will flow to the rainwater downpipe and into the perimeter drain. In every few meters of the
perimeter drain, a drain sump is installed to collect surplus water to prevent flooding around
the compound.

The perimeter drain also collects the surface water around the building, preventing any water
damage to the foundation of the building. The rainwater and the surface water will finally
flow into the monsoon drain which will then flow into a river or treated at a water treatment
plant.


Drain sumps are used to manage surface runoff water
and can be permanently plumbed into the effluent
collection or treatment system.
UPVC pipes offers a tremendous weight advantage
over alternative piping materials. They are light in
weight, high flexibility and flame resistant.
Monsoon drains are where the rainwater and surface
water will eventually gather before reaching the river
or water treatment plant.
SECTION 56
No pipe used for the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for carrying off
the soil or drainage from any privy or water closet or any sulphate water.

13 | P a g e

SECTION 57
No water pipe, stack pipe or downspout used for the conveying of surface water from
any premises shall be used to serve or to act as a ventilating shaft to any drain or sewer.
UBBL SECTION 115 ‐ ROOF DRAINAGE
All roof of building shall be constructed to drain effectively and sufficient channel shall
be provided in accordance with the requirement of these laws for receiving and
conveying all water which may fall on or from the roof.

14 | P a g e

3.0 DRAWINGS

1. Site Plan
2. Electrical Supply System (Ground floor plan)
3. Water Supply System (Ground floor plan)
4. Water Supply System (Schematic diagram)
5. Sewerage and Sanitary System (Ground floor plan)
6. Sewerage and Sanitary System (Schematic diagram)
7. Rainwater / Surface Drainage System (Roof Plan)

REFLECTED CEILING PLAN (ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM)
SCALE 1:100
M
AC
F
A.C. OUTDOOR UNIT
RECESSED CEILING LIGHT
EXHAUST FAN
ONE GANG SWITCH
TWO GANG SWITCH
CEILING FAN
AIR CONDITIONER
DISTRIBUTION BOARD
METER BOX
SYMBOL NAME
LEGENDS
M
AC
AC
F
F
F
F
FLUORESCENT LIGHT
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
M
M
DOUBLE SWITCHED SOCKET

C.W.T.
M
METER
PUBLIC MAIN PIPE
GATE VALVE
STOP COCK
WATER STORAGE TANK
WATER FLOW
TOILET SINK
WATER CLOSET
KITCHEN SINK
M
C.W.T.
SYMBOL NAME
LEGENDS
GROUND FLOOR PLAN (WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM)
SCALE 1:100

ROOF LEVEL
GROUND FLOOR LEVEL
GROUND LEVEL
FROM PUBLIC
MAIN
WC WC WC WC WC WC WC WC WC WC
TAP TAP TAP TAP TAP TAP TAP TAP TAP TAP
M
SCSC
STOP COCK
METER
SC
1 1/2" DIA. G.I MAIN PIPE
SC
SC
3/4" DIA. OVER FLOW PIPE
SC
1" DIA. PVC. DISTRIBUTION PIPE
SC
3/4" DIA. PVC. VENT PIPE
SC SC
3/4" DIA. PVC PIPE
SC SC
3/4" DIA. SUPPLY PIPE
SC SC SCSC SC
WHB
SC
WHB
SCSC SC
WHBWHB
SC SC
SC
250 GALL CAPACITY WATER STORAGE TANK COMPLETE WITH STOP COCK,
BALL VALVE, OVER FLOW AND SCOUR PIPE
TOILET CUBICLES
1 1/2" DIA. SCOUR PIPE WITH STOP COCK KITCHEN
WHBWHB
SINK
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
SCALE: NTS

G.T.
G.T.
I.C.
FLOOR TRAP
GULLY TRAP
MAN HOLE
SEWERAGE PIPE
SEPTIC TANK
INSPECTION CHAMBER
DRAINAGE
TOILET SINK
WATER CLOSET
KITCHEN SINK
SYMBOL NAME
LEGENDS
GROUND FLOOR PLAN (SEWERAGE AND SANITARY SYSTEM)
SCALE 1:100

ROOF LEVEL
GROUND FLOOR LEVEL
GROUND LEVEL
KITCHENTOILET
G.T.
MANHOLE 2
I.C.
DRAINAGE
F.T. F.T.
G.T.
VENT COWL
2" DIA UPV WASTE PIPE AT 1:80 GRADIENT
4" DIA UPV SEWER PIPE AT 1:80 GRADIENT
SEPTIC TANK MF2 TO DETAIL
F.T. F.T. F.T. F.T. F.T. F.T. F.T. F.T. F.T.
MANHOLE 1
VENT COWL
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM
SCALE: NTS

ROOF PLAN (RAINWATER / SURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM)
SCALE 1:100
PITCHED ROOF
PITCHED ROOF
PITCHED ROOF
SUMPMD
MONSOON DRAIN
DRAIN SUMP
SYMBOL NAME
LEGENDS
SUMP
MD
DISCHARGE TO PUBLIC
MONSOON DRAIN
UPVC SURFACE WATER DRAIN
DIA. 300MM
PERIMETER DRAIN
DIA. 300MM
UPVC RAINWATER DOWNPIPE
DIA. 100MM
ALUMINUM GUTTER
WATER FLOW

22 | P a g e

4.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, I had learnt that it is very important for all of the systems above to be
incorporated into a building. No designs can stand by itself without these systems supporting
it. These systems allow a building to function well and provide a comfortable environment for
people to stay in.

Through this project, I was able to gain a newfound appreciation of the building service
systems. I was also able to learn in depth of the different components of the different building
systems and the regulations that are to be met for the safety of the users of a building.

23 | P a g e

5.0 REFERENCES

1. Bibhabasu Mohanty, Asst. Prof. at "SAL Institute of Engineering and research" Follow.
(2012, April 11). Water distribution system. Retrieved June 22, 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/bibhabasumohanty/water‐distribution‐system

2. Drainage features and compliance when building. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.level.org.nz/water/wastewater/drainage‐systems/

3. Drainage system interceptor traps. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.draindomain.com/interceptor%20traps.html

4. Drain Sump. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2017, from
https://www.hughes‐safety.com/drain‐sump.html

5. Figuring Out Your Drain‐Waste‐Vent Lines ‐ For Dummies. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.dummies.com/how‐to/content/figuring‐out‐your‐drainwastevent‐
lines.html

6. Introduction to Water Distribution Systems [PDF]. (n.d.).

7. Queensland Department of Energy and Water Supply. (2016, February 11). Electricity
supply. Retrieved June 22, 2017, from
https://www.dews.qld.gov.au/electricity/regulation/supply

8. Septic System Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/health/ehoss/septic_basics.html

9. Siddharth Khanna, Director Follow. (2013, September 26). Building services. Retrieved
June 22, 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/SiddharthKhanna11/history‐lecture‐1

10. Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor Sdn Bhd (SYABAS): History of Water Supply Services in
Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Putrajaya

11. The Septic Tank. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/health/ehoss/tank.html

24 | P a g e

12. TNB Electricity System | Tenaga Nasional Berhad (200866‐W). (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.tnb.com.my/business/for‐housing‐developers‐electrical‐
contractors/tnb‐electricitysystem.html

13. Uniform Building By‐laws 1984 all amendments up to August 1996 : Act 133 [7th ed.].
compiled by MDC Legal Advisers. Published 1996 by Published & printed by MDC
Publishers Printers in Kuala Lumpur .

14. What is an Inspection Chamber? | Drainage Sales. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.drainagepipe.co.uk/help‐centre/tips‐guides/what‐is‐an‐inspection‐
chamber‐/

Building Service (Project 2: Diary)

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Building Service (Project 2: Diary)

Similar to Building Service (Project 2: Diary) (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Building Service (Project 2: Diary)