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School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture
Building Services BLD 60903/ARC 2423
Project 2: Building Services Diary
-Electrical Supply System
-Water Supply System
-Sewerage and Sanitary System
-Rainwater/Surface Drainage System
Prepared by:
Teh Chie Yang
0324947
Tutor: Ar. Hjh. Sateerah Hj. Hassan

CONTENT
1 Introduction to Project 2
2
Electrical Supply System
1.1. Introduction & Function
1.2. Operation of System
1.3. Materials, fitting, equipment, components
3
Water Supply System
2.4. UBBL requirement or related regulations
4
Sewerage and Sanitary System
5
Rainwater/ Surface Drainage System
6 Summary / Conclusion
7 References

INTRODUCTION
Project 2 is an individual assignment on application of basic building services. This is
an individual project to apply building services systems to a domestic sized building.
This exercise requires students to demonstrate their understanding on the application
by producing technical drawings incorporating the necessary building services.
we will use our Design Studio final project for this assignment. The purpose of this
exercise is to familiarize the students with the application of the systems and apply
them in the design proposals. It will also demonstrate the students’ understanding in
applying what we have learnt from the module.
Students will demonstrate their understanding of building services by providing the
most appropriate systems for the building, which include:
i) electrical supply system
ii) ii) cold water and hot water supply system
iii) iii) sewerage and sanitary system
iv) iv) rainwater/ surface water drainage system
These systems form part the plans for Building Plan Approval to Local Authorities.
Hence, it is essential for an architect to understand the systems well. The drawings
must be reproduced into a computer aided drawing with annotations which describe
the planning and installation of all building services required. Students may also
include specific clauses from the Uniform Building ByLaw (UBBL) or other relevant
Acts, Laws or guidelines that narrate to the proposed systems into their presentation
drawings

1. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Electricity is a form of energy that occurs naturally only in unusable forms such as
lightning and other static discharges or in natural galvanic cells (which cause
corrosion). The primary problem in the utilization of electric energy is that, unlike fuels
or even heat, it cannot be readily stored and therefore must be generated and utilized
in the same instant. This requires an entirely different concept of utilization than, for
example, a heating system with its fuel source, burner, piping, and associated
equipment.
The conveyance of electric power from a power station to consumers’ premises is
known as electric supply system. An electric supply system consists of three principal
components viz., the power station, the transmission lines and the distribution system.
This chapter is concerned with the electrical systems and equipment used for buildings.
One of the important element in electrical supply system, lightning, presents the
fundamental concepts of illumination. Some lightning systems are primarily functional.
While others are primarily aesthetic. The challenge is to achieve both and at low
energy usage levels.
The normal power supply systems have a minimal impact on the architecture of a
building, but space must be provided for them. The impact can become major when
alternative on-site generation facilities are included. By contrast signal and conveying
systems require a great deal of thought on the part of the architect and are important
to the safe and proper operation of the building.

1.2 OPERATION OF SYSTEM
The major components of a building’s electrical power system are shown in the above
figure. They can be classified into three major categories:
(1) Service entrance equipment
(2) Interior distribution equipment
(3) Loads
The first category includes transformers, service disconnect, fuses, circuit breakers,
and meters. The second includes conductors, raceways, subpanels, and submeters.
In the third is actual utilization equipment, such as lighting, motors and miscellaneous
outlet devices.
Referring to the figure, notice that the power system proceeds from the service
entrance to the utilization points in a series of descending steps. At each branching
point, the distribution capacity decreases.

1.3. MATERIALS, FITTING, EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
1.3.1 Distribution board
Distribution board is a component of an electricity supply system
that divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits,
while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each
circuit in a common enclosure.
1.3.2 Electrical meter
It is a device that is used to measure the amount of electricity
consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered
device. It gives exact number of electricity used instead of
estimating like the electricity supplier.
1.3.3 Fluorescent lamp
Fluorescent lamps are also commonly referred to as "neon light"
or fluorescent light. The fluorescent lamp is based on the principle
of a low-pressure gas discharge lamp. A noble gas (neon / argon)
together with some mercury vapor is ionized by means of an
ignition voltage.
1.3.4 26W PLC Downlight
Provided a great source of light that can shine through the
whole room. It is also relatively cheap and energy conservative.

1.3.5 Switch
Location where electrical devices are plugged in to function.
It provides current to inserted electrical appliances. It is
needed in the building so we won’t waste a lot of energy when
we don’t have to use it.
1.3.6 Exhaust fan
The primary purpose for having an exhaust fan is to remove
the moisture out of the bathroom. These fans help to control
and eliminate bathroom odors. Additionally, they add to the
safety of the home and its residents by reducing fumes from
cleaning agents that could potentially cause health related
issues.
1.3.7 Ceiling fan
It is an apparatus with rotating blades that creates a current
of air for cooling ventilation. Ceiling fan is a mechanical fan,
usually electrically powered, suspended from the ceiling of a
room, that uses hub-mounted rotating paddles to circulate air.
1.3.8 Air conditioner
It is mainly to produce cool ventilation inside the building in
which the heat is taken out from a certain location to give a
chilled air effect.

2.4. UBBL REQUIREMENT OR RELATED REGULATIONS
Tenaga Nasional Berhad
It serves over 8.4 million customers throughout Peninsular Malaysia and also the
eastern state of Sabah through Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd. TNB’s core activities are
in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity.
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990 (ACT 447)
P.U.(A) 38/94
ELECTRICITY REGULATIONS 1994
Regulation 15: Apparatus, conductor, accessory, etc.
Any apparatus, conductor or accessory for the purpose of connection to an installation
shall be sufficient in size, power and number to serve the purpose for which it is
intended and shall be constructed, installed, arranged, protected, worked and
maintained in such a manner as to prevent dangers.
Regulation 16: Switch, switchfuse, fuse switch, circuit breaker, contractor, fuse, etc.
Any switch, switchfuse, fuse switch, circuit breaker or isolating link shall be constructed,
placed or protected in such a manner as to prevent danger: constructed and adjusted
in such a manner as to end maintain efficient contact; provided with an efficient handle
insulated from the system and arranged in such a manner that the handle cannot
inadvertently touch any live part; constructed or arranged in such a manner that it
cannot accidentally come into contact with any live conductor when left in the “off
position” ; constructed in such a manner that it cannot be left in partial contact with
any live conductor’ and constructed in such a manner that an arc cannot be maintained
when used for breaking a circuit on load.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
2.1INTRODUCTION
The source of water for most developed areas is either a lake or river. Since most of
the waterways in industrialized areas are polluted, the water must be treated before it
is supplied to buildings.
When building is planned for locations remote from public water services, a private
water supply is necessary. Water coming straight from the ground is usually purer than
water from a stream or pond as they may have been exposed to pollution.
The convenience of piped water systems is likely to be taken for granted by those who
have not been camping or caravanning. The provision of safe and hygienic water
supplies is of paramount importance, and a considerable amount of engineering is
involved in such provision.
The basics of water treatment are outlined, and then the ways in which water is
distributed throughout buildings are discussed. The flow of water to sanitary
appliances depend upon their frequency of use. The concept of pipe sizing with
demand units leads to design calculations of water networks.

2.2OPERATION
Water supply system is a system that carry the water from the water source, street
main or to the building and to various points in the building at which water is used.
There are 2 kinds of water supply system:
(1) Cold water system
(2) Hot water system
(1) Cold water system
A water supplier will provide water to a home, through a water main, then branch off.
At this point, older systems may have one branch that connects up to four homes.
New properties will have an installation similar to that shown in the diagram below. It
is vital that people living in a property know where and how to turn off the water supply
to their home, in the event of a leak or for maintenance.
(2) Hot water system
There are two kinds of hot water system. The system that is used in the building used
is indirect system. Indirect system enables water to circulate between boiler and coil
without being drawn off, therefore the same water circulates persistently, transferring
its heat energy into the coil in the surrounding water.

2.3MATERIALS, FITTING, EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
2.3.1 Water tank
Assist in overcome persistent corrosion problems and stores water
before distribute to their appliances.
2.3.2 Stop valve
A valve that can be closed or opened at will, as by hand, for preventing
or regulating flow, as of a liquid in a pipe; - in distinction from a valve
which is operated by the action of the fluid it restrains.
2.3.3 Water meter
Measures the volume of water we used that are supplied with water by
public water.
2.3.4 Gate valve
A valve that is with a sliding part that controls the extent of the aperture.
It permits the flow of water which saves energy and reduce total cost
ownership.

2.3.5 Hot water boiler
It is used to boil and convert the cold water into hot water that is above
its initial temperature.
2.3.6 UPVC pipe
It is a common, strong but lightweight plastic used in construction that
deliver water to appliances.
2.3.7 Copper tube
Copper tube is most commonly used for supply hot and cold tap water
and as refrigerant line in HVAC system. There are two types of copper
tube, soft copper and rigid copper.

2.4UBBL REQUIREMENT OR RELATED REGULATIONS
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM LAW 84
Dampness sustainable measure shall be taken to prevent the penetration of
dampness and moisture into the building.
A chase made in a wall for the pipes and other service facilities shall leave the wall at
the back of the chase not less than 100mm thick in a party wall and shall not be wider
than 200mm.
Where ducts or enclosures are provided in any building to accommodate pipes, cabies
or condults the dimensions of such ducts or enclosures shall be:
(a) Sufficiently large permit access to cleaning system stop cocks, and other
controls there to enables extensions and modifications to be made to each or
all of the services accommodated.

3 SEWERAGE AND SANITARY SYSTEM
3.1INTRODUCTION
Sewerage is infrastructure that convey sewage or surface runoff. It encompasses
components such as receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows,
and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer. Sewerage ends at
the entry to a sewage treatment plant or at the point of discharge into the environment.
It is the system of pipes, chambers, manholes, etc. that conveys the sewage or storm
water.
While sanitary discharge services operate by gravity flow and require no energy input.
Parts of buildings or sites that are below the sewer invert require a pump to raise the
fluid. These operate intermittently to minimize electrical power consumption.
Drains are laid to fall at an even gradient, which produces a self-cleaning water velocity
so that potential deposits are accelerated and floated downstream. Large drops in
drain level are accommodated in a back-drop manhole.

3.2OPERATION OF SYSTEM
All sanitary fitments discharging into a system of drainage must be fitted with a water
seal device or trap to prevent the ingress of foul air from the drain and sewer. the figure
above shows a conventional tubular ‘S’ or ‘P’ trap with the more compact bottle trap
variation. For most applications, depth of water seal is 75mm but where waste
discharges are open to a gully or hopper trailing off will occur and 40mm depth of seal
traps may be used.
In addition to preventing foul air entering a building, a trap will also retain debris could
otherwise block the discharge pipe. For this purpose, a cleaning eye or detachable
access must be incorporated in the design. If the trap is integral such as that on a WC
pan, the appliance should be removable.

3.3.1 Floor trap
They prevent ingress of foul air, insects and vermin from the sewers
into the building and resist the spread of disease. Traps are
constructed, so that they retain a body of water which acts as
a water seal.
3.3.2 Gully trap
A gully trap is a basin in the ground which receives piped wastewater
from your kitchen, bathroom and laundry before it is emptied into the
sewer. The basin has a water seal to prevent foul odours of the
sewer reaching the surface.
3.3.3 Septic tank
a tank, typically underground, in which sewage is collected and
allowed to decompose through bacterial activity before draining
by means of a leaching field.
3.3.4 UPVC tube
It is a common, strong but lightweight plastic used in construction that
deliver water to appliances.

3.3.5 Vent cowl
Covering of vent pipe and it allows foul air from pipe to escape. Cowl to
be turned upward to easy maintenance and inspection.
3.3.6 Manhole
It is the top opening to an underground utility vault used to house an
access point an access point for making connections, inspection,
valve adjustments or performing maintenance on underground.

INDAH WATER KONSORTIUM (IWK)
It responsible to developing, regulate and maintaining a modern and efficient
sewerage system for West Malaysia.
Street, Drainage Building Act 1864
Section 56
No pipe used for the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for the purpose
of carrying off the soil or drainage from any privy or water closet.
Section 57
No water pipe, stack pipe, or down spout used for conveying surface water from any
premises shall be used or be permitted to served or to act as a ventilating shaft for
any drain or sewer.
Section 61
The local authority may erect or fix to any building such as pipes as are necessary for
the proper ventilation of the drains and sewers belonging to it.

4 RAINWATER/ SURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
4.1INTRODUCTION
Surface drainage is the removal of water that collects on the land surface. A surface
drainage system consists of shallow ditches and should include land smoothing or
land grading. This type of system is suitable for all slowly permeable soils.
The rate at which water is removed by surface drainage depends on several
interrelated factors, including rainfall, soil properties, and cropping patterns. For most
row crops, a surface drainage system should remove excess water within 24 to 48
hours. More rapid removal may be necessary for higher value truck crops.
The control and disposal of stormwater is important for building integrity. As
precipitation collects on rooftops, it must be diverted so it will not run down the walls
and cause leaks at windows or other penetrations in the wall membrane, drip on
people at entrances, cause the building to settle by washing soil away from
foundations, subject basement walls to groundwater pressure and possible leakage.
Flat roofs must be well drained or else water accumulating in dished areas could add
enough weight to overload the structure.
Areas that need to be drained of water include roofs, pavements, balconies and
terraces. These areas are served by a storm drainage system that must be separated
from the sanitary system. Occasionally, storm drainage is permitted into the sanitary
sewer and the connection is made at one trapped point but it is better to be drained
into a separate storm sewer. If that is not available, drainage may sometimes be
disposed in the street gutters.

4.2OPERATION
A surface drainage system consists of an outlet channel, lateral ditches, and field
ditches. Water is carried to the outlet channel by lateral ditches, which receive water
from field ditches or sometimes from the surface of the field.
Plan a minimum number of field ditches located, where possible, at right angles to the
lateral ditch and crop rows. It is essential that lateral ditches be deep enough to drain
the field ditches completely enough to permit crossing by farm machinery. The
minimum depth of lateral ditches is 1.0 foot. At points where lateral ditches enter the
outlet channel, grade back small overfalls on a nonerosive grade. If the outlet is too
deep or some other problem makes it difficult to grade the overfall, install a chute, drop
spillway, or pipe.
Two common types of field ditches are the single ditch and the W ditch (also called
the twin or double ditch). The single ditch is used where spoil can be moved and
spread in low areas of the field without obstructing flow into the ditch. The double or
W ditch is used where the land drains towards the ditch from both directions, where
the land is very flat and row drainage will enter from each side, and where the
excavated material is not needed to fill depressions.

4.3.1 Gutter
It is used to collect stormwater flowed following steepness of roof
and subsequently channel to few pipes.
4.3.2 Perimeter drain
To collect stormwater from drain sump and surface run-offs,
placing of steel grating allows car to drive through safely.
4.3.3 Rainwater downpipe
It is a pipe for carrying rainwater. They are usually vertical and
usually extend to the ground level.
4.3.4 Sump
A depression in the floor of a mine or basement in which
water collects.

Street, Drainage Building Act 1864
Section 56
(1) No pipe used for the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for the
purpose of carrying off the soil or drainage from any privy or water closet.
(2) Any person who contravenes subsection shall be liable on conviction to a fine
not exceeding five hundred ringgit and shall also be liable to a further fine not
exceeding one hundred ringgit for every day during which the offence is
continued after conviction.

SUMMARY/ CONCLUSION
To summarize this project, it helps me to learn a lot of knowledge about the system
that are required to be used in building. We are not simply build a building without any
acknowledgement.
For the electrical supply system alone, electricity is the most prevalent form of energy
in a modern building. It not only supplies electric outlets and electric lighting, but also
provides the motive power for HVAC equipment, traction power for elevators and
material transport, and power for all signal and communications equipment. An electric
power failure can paralyze a facility. Such power failures often occur at a district or
regional scale, beyond the control of a building designer. A properly designed facility
can, however, quickly return to partial operation through the action of emergency
equipment that can furnish part of the facility’s electricity needs for a limited time.
As for the water supply system, A water supply system is a system for the collection,
transmission, treatment, storage and distribution of water from source to consumers,
for example, homes, commercial establishments, industry, irrigation facilities and
public agencies for water—related activities (firefighting, street flushing and so forth).
The sewerage and sanitary system is also quite important for a building. It is is an
underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and
commercial buildings through pipes to treatment facilities or disposal. Sanitary sewers
are part of an overall system called a sewerage or sewage system.
As for rainwater/surface water drainage system, Sewerage is infrastructure that
convey sewage or surface runoff. It encompasses components such as
receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening
chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer. Sewerage ends at the entry to
a sewage treatment plant or at the point of discharge into the environment. It is the
system of pipes, chambers, manholes, etc. that conveys the sewage or storm water.

REFERENCE
Surface Drainage (n.d.). Retrieved July 7, 2017, from
http://www.wq.illinois.edu/dg/surface.html
HALL, FRED. BUILDING SERVICES HANDBOOK. S.l.: TAYLOR & FRANCIS,
2017. Print.
Building services technology. (2005).
Pender, Robyn, Brian Ridout, and Tobit Curteis. Building environment: practical
building conservation. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Pub. Co.
Water supply system (n.d.). Retrieved July 07, 2017, from
https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2913

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