Building services project2

BUILDING SERVICE (BLD 60903)
Project 2: Application of Building Services
Building Services Diary:
 Electrical Supply System
 Water Supply System
 Sewerage and Sanitary System
 Rainwater/ Surface Drainage System
Prepare By:
Chong Jia Yi
0320869
Tutor:
Mr. Azim

INDEX
A) INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
B) INFO AND DATA OF BUILDING SERVICES
1 Electrical Supply system
1.1 Introduction and function of electrical system
1.2 Components of electrical system
1.3 Operation of electrical system
1.4 Specific clauses from the Uniform Building By Law (UBBL) or other relevant Acts, Laws or
guidelines
2 Cold water and hot water supply system
2.1 Introduction and function of water supply system
2.2 Components of water supply system
2.3 Operation of water supply system
2.4 Specific clauses from the Uniform Building By Law (UBBL) or other relevant Acts, Laws
or guidelines
3 Sewerage and sanitary system
3.1 Introduction and function of sewerage system
3.2 Components of sewerage and sanitary system
3.3 Operation of sewerage and sanitary system
or guidelines
4 Rainwater /Surface water drainage system
4.1 Introduction and function of rainwater drainage system
4.2 Components of rainwater/ surface water drainage system
4.3 Operation of rainwater/ surface water drainage system
or guidelines
C) DRAWINGS
1. Site plan – access (1:200)
2. Ground floor plan – surface water drainage, sewerage layout (solid/waste water), sanitary
layout (1:100)
3. Roof plan – rainwater drainage system (1:100)
4. Reflected ceiling plan – electrical fittings, points layout, meter and DB layout (1:100)
5. Schematic diagram – Sewerage (solid/waste water) system (NTS)
6. Schematic diagram – Water supply system (NTS)
D) SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
E) REFERENCES
Introduction of project

This project is an individual assignment on application of basic building services. This is an individual
project to apply building services systems to a domestic sized building. This exercise requires us to
demonstrate our understanding on the application by producing technical drawings incorporating the
necessary building services.
The objectives of this project are to develop our understanding and knowledge of building services
systems in design and construction. This project also requires us to apply appropriate building services
system and solution for our Studio 4 design which is a specific design to demonstrate a comprehensive
understanding of applicability of specific building services systems in the design in response to practical
considerations. It also develops our ability to resolve issues related to specific building services systems.
1) Electrical Supply system
1.1 Introduction and function of electrical system
An electric power system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, and
use electric power. In Malaysia, the sole provider for electricity supply is TNB (Tenaga Nasional
Berhad). While coal, oil and gas as the main fuel used to generate the electrical power, renewable
energy plant such as hydropower (water) and biomass also introduced in Malaysia.
1.2 Elements of electrical system
A) LED Down light
A light fixture that is installed into a hollow opening in a ceiling. It concentrating the light in a downward direction,
appears to have light shining from a hole in the ceiling.
It is suitable for the school building as it provide ambient lighting in energy saving and economic way. It reduce
25% of power consumption compared to ordinary energy saving lamps, in addition, it have longer service life.
Therefore, the cost on electricity is reduced. Moreover, it contains no mercury and other harmful substances that
may lead to environmental pollution.
B) Ceiling fan
Diagram: Component of Downlight system Diagram: Installation of DownlightExample of downlight

A ceiling fan is a device suspended from the ceiling of a room, which employs hub- mounted rotating paddles to
circulate air.
C) Fluorescent Tube
A fluorescent light tubes are a low-pressure mercury-vapour gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce
light. It is more efficiently than incandescent lamps as the typical luminous efficacy of fluorescent lighting systems
is 50–100 Lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of incandescent bulbs with comparable light output, but less
than that of a typical LED bulb. It produced diffused light which is good for even lighting without harsh shadows.
D) One way and two way Switch
To control electrical devices by making and breaking the electrical circuit
Example of two gang one way switch
Diagram: guideline for ceiling fan installation
Diagram: Ceiling fan wiring diagram
Example of fluorescent tube Component of fluorescent tube

E) Single switched socket
To allow electrically operated equipment to be connected to the primary alternating current (AC) power supply in
a building.
F) Electrical meter
From the service fuses, the electricity is fed to the TNB meter to measure the
usages in terms of Kilowatt. The Incoming fuse and the meter are the property of
TNB and tampering with them is a criminal offence.
G) Distribution box
It distributes electricity to various spaces in the building
Example of socket
Figure 1. Electrical meter
Example of distribution box

1.3Operation of electrical system
From local utility company, electricity arrives at the building by a power line or underground though
a conduit. The building have three-wire service—two hot wires and one neutral. Throughout the
building, one hot wire and one neutral wire power conventional 120-volt lights and appliances; both
hot wires and the neutral wire make a 240-volt circuit for large appliances such as air conditioners
and electric furnaces. An electric meter is mounted where the electricity enters the building to
calculate the usage of electricity.
The main panel is usually right next to or under the meter. This is the central distribution point for
the electrical circuits that run to lights, receptacles, and appliances throughout the building.
A circuit consists of a hot (black) wire that goes from the main panel to a series of lights,
receptacles, or appliances, and a neutral (white) wire that returns to the main panel. A grounding
wire also returns to the main panel and, from there, to the earth. The purpose of the ground is to
divert electricity from any short-circuiting hot wires into the earth, preventing electric shock.
Subpanels in other area of the building, connected to the main panel, provide power to areas that
have a number of different circuits or large appliances, such as the kitchen and laundry room. They
also are equipped with a secondary set of circuit breakers for safety purpose.
1.4 Specific clauses from the Uniform Building By Law (UBBL) or other relevant
Acts, Laws or guidelines

ELECTRICAL REGULATION 1994
Regulation 15.
Apparatus, conductor, accessory, etc.
(1) Any apparatus, conductor or accessory for the purpose of connection to an installation shall
be sufficient in size, power and number to serve the purpose for which it is intended and
shall be constructed, installed, arranged, protected, worked and maintained in such a
manner as to prevent danger.
(2) A conductor shall be insulated and effectively protected or so placed or safeguarded in
such a manner as to prevent danger.
(3) A conductor which is neither protected by metallic sheath nor conveyed in a conduit shall
be protected by an insulating bush or tube, where is passes through a wall, partition, floor,
or the roof of a building or other structure.
(4) Every cable or metallic conduit in which cables are run can be buried in plaster provided
that the cable or conduit is of such material that corrosion of the cable or conduit will not
cause weakening of the insulation and consequent danger from leakage of current.
(5) A cable or metallic conduit in which cables are run may be buried in pure cement or
concrete.
(6) Any conductor or apparatus that is exposes to the weather, water, corrosion, undue heating
or used in inflammable surroundings or in an explosive atmosphere shall be constructed or
protected in such a manner as to prevent danger.
Regulation 16.
Switch, switchfuse, fuse switch, circuit breaker, contractor, fuse, etc.
(1) Any switch, switchfuse, fuse switch, circuit breaker or isolating link shall be—
(a) constructed, placed or protected in such a manner as to prevent danger;
(b) constructed and adjusted in such a manner as to and maintain efficient contact;
(c) provided with an efficient handle insulated from the system and arranged in such a manner
that the handle cannot inadvertently touch any live part;
(d) constructed or arranged in such a manner that it cannot accidentally come into contact with
any live conductor when left in the "off" position;
(e) constructed in such a manner that it cannot be left in partial contact with any live conductor;
and
(f) constructed in such a manner that an arc cannot be maintained when used for breaking a
circuit on load.

(2) Any circuit breaker or contactor used for changing a source of supply shall have poles which
include a pole for the neutral.
(3) Any fuse or circuit breaker shall be—
(a) constructed and arranged in such a manner so as to break the current when it exceeds a
given value for a sufficient time to prevent danger; and
(b) constructed, guarded or placed in such a manner as to prevent danger of overheating, arcing
or from the scattering of hot metal or other substance.
(4) A fuse in subregulation (3) shall be either of such construction or protected by a switch so
that the fusible portion shall be readily renewed without danger.
2) Cold water and hot water supply system

2.1 Introduction to water supply system
Water supply system provide water supply by a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic
components. Untreated raw water is collected from a surface water source such as an intake on a lake
or a river or from a groundwater source, for instance water well drawing from an underground aquifer
within the watershed that provides the water resource. It was then transferred to the water purification
facilities using uncovered aqueducts, covered tunnels or underground water pipes. The water is
distributed to buildings at various area after treatment at water treatment plant.
2.2 Elements of Water supply system
A) Water Meter
To measure the amount of the water that the building consume hence it affect the water billing
amount.
B) Gate Valve
It is a valve with a sliding part that controls the extent of the opening. Gate valves are designed for fully
open or fully closed service. They are installed in pipelines as isolating valves, and should not be used as
control or regulating valves.
Operation of a gate valve is performed doing an either clockwise to close (CTC) or clockwise to open
(CTO) rotating motion of the stem. When operating the valve stem, the gate moves up- or downwards
on the threaded part of the stem.
Water meter that located outside of the building
Example of gate valve
Diagram: Components of gate valve

C) Stop cock
D) Plastic polyethylene tanks
It used to store water that before it distribute water to various part of the
building. Plastic polyethylene tank is used as plastic is an inert material, it has
no chemical effect on the incoming water. The container is opaque to prevent
the exposure of stored water to sunlight, to eliminate the possibility of algal
growth.
E) Copper Pipe
Copper tubing is used for supply of hot tap water. It is joined using flare
connection, compression connection, or solder. Copper pipe is chosen
because it is non-toxic and does not corrode easily. The ductile quality of
copper pipes aid in to the integrity of the system as well as lowering
installation costs as it eliminate elbows and joints of the pipe
F)HDPE (High- Density Polyethylene) Pipe
HDPE pipes have long lifespan and service life about 50 years to
100 years, hence reduces investment costs in infrastructure
projects. It is flexible structure, although at the same time is
hard and highly resistant to abrasion. Moreover, fatigue
resistance of the HDPE is relatively high as instantaneous flow or
pressure differences does not cause fatigue. It is environmental
friendly as well as it does not make any degassing, which is
consistent with the nature contain harmful toxins.
A stopcock is a form of ball valve used to control the
flow of a water into the building. 22mm diameter
stop cock compression tap that made of brass is used
because of its durability.
Diagram: Example of brass stopcock
Example of plastic polyethylene tank
Example of copper pipe
Example of HDPE pipe

G)Water filter
It remove impurities from the water before it
distribute to different areas of the building.
2.3 Operation of water supply system
The water supply systems integrated use of 3 types of systems including the direct supply system,
indirect supply system and sump and pump supply system.
Fresh water is transmitted directly from the public water mains to households from the higher gradient
of slope to the building that at lower floors by means of hydraulic pressure inside the mains under the
direct supply system.
Under the indirect supply system, a water pump is used to draw water from the public water coming
from the ground level of the building, to the water tank located at the rooftop of the building and fresh
water drawn into the rooftop water tank is then transmitted to each of the spaces through a network of
sub-mains.
Under the sump and pump supply system, water is transmitted to the receiving end by fitting a
pressure pump to the supply water the area located at the higher part of building.
UBBL 84
1) Suitable measures shall be taken to prevent the dampness and moisture into a building
2) Damp proof courses where provided shall comply with BS 743 （material for Horizontal
D.P.C.）
UBBL 89
A chase made in a wall for pipes and other service facilities shall leave the wall at the back of the chase
not less than 100 mm thick in external wall and not less than 100mm thick in a party wall and shall not
wider than 200mm.
Example of water filter that located
outside of the building
Diagram: Installation of water filter

UBBL 123
1) Where ducts or enclosures are provided in any building to accommodate pipes, cables or to the
dimension of such ducts or enclosures shall be:
a) Adequate for the accommodation of the pipes, cables or conduits and for crossing of
branches and mains together with support and fixings; and
b) Sufficiently large permit access to cleaning eyes, stop cocks and other controls there to
enable repairs and extension and modifications to be made for each or all of the services
accommodated

3) Sewerage and sanitary system
3.1 Introduction sewerage and sanitary system
Sewerage system is the system of pipes, chambers, manholes, etc that aim to conveys sewage or
surface runoff such as stormwater, meltwater, rainwater to sewerage treatment plant. It comprise
components such as perimeter drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening
chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer. It ends at the entry to a sewage treatment
plant. It is the system of pipes, chambers, manholes, etc. that conveys the sewage or storm water.
3.2 Elements of sewerage and sanitary system
A) Manhole
Manholes is reinforced concrete chambers that constructed at suitable intervals along the
sewer lines for providing access into them. They are used to carry out inspection, cleaning and
removing obstruction in the sewer line. It allows joining of sewers or changing the direction of
sewer or alignment of sewer or both. It aid in ventilation of sewage as they allow the escape of
considerable gases through its perforated cover.
B) Septic Tank
Its’s main function is to receive all wastewater from the building, separate solids from the
wastewater flow to avoid reduction and decomposition of accumulated solids. Hence, it provide
storage for the separated solids including sludge and scum, then pass the clarified wastewater
(effluent) out to the drain field for final treatment and disposal.
Moreover, it provides a relatively dormant body of water where the wastewater is retained long
enough to let the solids separate by both settling and flotation. This process is often called
primary treatment and results in three products: scum, sludge, and effluent. Scum is the
substances lighter than water (oil, grease, fats) float to the top, where they form a scum layer.
Aerobic bacteria work at digesting floating solids. Sludge is solids such as soil, grit, bones,
unconsumed food particles settle to the bottom of the tank and form a sludge layer.
Effluent is the clarified wastewater left over after the scum has floated to the top and the
sludge has settled to the bottom. It flows through the septic tank outlet into the drain field.
Example of man hole
Diagram: Standard dimension of the manhole

C) Grease trap
Kitchen wastewater flows through grease trap before entering the sewer waste system. This
receptacle intercepts and captures grease in order to reduce the amount of fats, oils and
greases that enter sewers.
D) Vent pipe
Vent pipe is a pipe, attached to drainage pipes near one or more traps,
which leads to outside air to admit air or takes air away from the
drainage pipes and prevents the trap seals from being broken by air
pressure within the drainage
pipes.
Example of septic tank Diagram: the components of the septic tank
and the process of discharge wastewater
Diagram: The components of grease trap
Diagram: Location of vent pipe

E) Gully trap
F) P trap
P trap is installed under the sinks in the bathroom and kitchen
to traps debris that has drained from the sink and prevents it
from forming a clog deep within the plumbing system. It stops
sewer gases from passing into the home as well.
G) Floor trap
Floor trap is providing minimum 50 mm depth water seal to
prevent the foul gasses entering into the building. It usually
install inside the toilet and wet kitchen to collect wastewater
from the bathroom, wash area, wash basin, kitchen sinks.
H) Soil Pipe
A Soil Vent Pipe is a vertical pipe usually attached to the
exterior of a property.
It connect the underground drainage system to a point just
elevated from the roof guttering and carry waste from WCs,
showers, baths and sinks. It allows odours emanating from
the drainage system to escape into the air. It also serves the
additional purpose of allowing air into the internal drain
pipe system to prevent a siphoning affect from occurring.
Example of gully trap
Example of P-trap that made of steel
Example of floor trap
Diagram: Location of soil pipe
A gully trap is provided outside the
building before connecting to external
sewerage line. It also collects waste
water from the kitchen sink, wash
basins, baths and wash area.
It can prevent the foul gases entering
in to the building by providing water
seal has minimum 50 mm depth and it
also prevents entry of bugs and insects
from sewer line to waste water pipes.
Diagram: Detail of gully trap

Street, Drainage & Building Act 1974
Section 57
No water pipe, stack pipe or down spout used for conveying surface water from any preemies shall
be used or be permitted to serve or to act as ventilating shaft to any drain or sewer.
Sewerage services act, Act 508
An act to amend and consolidate the laws relating to sewerage systems and sewerage services
throughout Malaysia for the purpose of improving sanitation and the environment and promoting
public health: and to provide for matters connected there with and incidental there to.
Law of Malaysia Act 133
Section 56
No pipe used for the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for carrying off the soil or
drainage from any privy of water closet or any surface water.
Section 61
The local authority may erect or fix to any building such as pipes as are necessary for the ventilation
of the drains and sewer belonging to it
Water Service Industry Act 2006
Section 63
The government may direct the owner or management of any premise to install or construct a
private sewerage system or septic for the premises

4) Rainwater /Surface water drainage system
4.1 Introduction of Rainwater /Surface water drainage system
Surface water comprise of rainwater which runs off roofs and paved areas as well as the water that
drains to the public sewer from activities such as car washing.
It is a requirement in building law that adequate provision is made for rainwater to be carried from
the roof of buildings. For instance, roofs must be designed with a suitable fall, which is minimum
1:80, towards either a surface water collection channel or gutter that conveys surface water to
vertical rainwater pipes, which in turn connect the discharge to the drainage system.
4.2 Components of rainwater/ surface water drainage system
A) Sump
A sump is a large pit lined with concrete or a
purpose made liner to collect water to be
pumped away, essential in collecting water
for some land drainage systems where the
area being drained slopes away from the
house drains or is installed on clay.
B) Rainwater downpipe – 200mm zinc
Rainwaters flows down the roof, into the gutters and then is
channelled down and away from the building’s foundation.
Zinc downpipe is chosen for its durability and resistance to
corrosion.
C) Gutter- 200 mm
Gutters serve a purpose to prevent water ingress into the
fabric of the building by conveying the rainwater away from
the exterior of the walls and their foundations. Hence, it
avoid water running down the walls that lead to dampness
in the affected rooms and provides a favourable
environment for growth of mould, and wet rot in timber.
Box radius standard gutter are used to incorporate the curve
roof design of the school. Ease of installation also one of its
advantages.
Diagram: Structure of sump
Diagram: structure of rainwater downpipe
Example of box radius gutter

D) Perimeter drain
A perimeter drain is a plastic or PVC perforated pipe that installed underground, around the
perimeter of the building. The perforations consist of thousands of tiny slits that allow water to
perforate to the underground pipe, and be drained away from the foundation of the building. A
mesh permeable covering serve a purpose to prevent soil from getting into the pipe. It is then
covered by a layer of gravel, and backfilled with soil. The water then carries water toward the
main sewer system through the weeping tile that slopes away from the home.
I) Vent cowl- Weatherproof TAVC10 (50mm)
Vent Cowls serve a purpose to provide air circulation through tanks
where water is piped directly into the top or side of the tank. It
designed to fit the top of toilet vent pipes, to reduce pan
syphoning.
In this building, vent cowl with 0.955mm stainless steel screen is
used to improve water quality at the same time allows the tank
water to breathe.
4.3 Operation of rainwater/ surface water drainage system
The roof of building shall be constructed with gradient in order to receive and drain rainwater to the
gutter. Then the rainwater channel to the perimeter drain via the gutter. After the perimeter drain
receive the water, it convey it to the soakaway underground. The flooring of the building are
designed to be perforated to discharge the water directly to the local water course.
Diagram: Cross section of the perimeter drain Example of the mesh cover of perimeter drain

4.4 Specific clauses from the Uniform Building By Law (UBBL) or other
relevant Acts, Laws or guidelines
Department of irrigation and Drainage Malaysia(DID)
DID and local authority are responsible for the drainage. Local authority is responsible for the
construction and maintenance of the local drainage system while DID is responsible for the rivers
which flow within and outside of the boundary of local authority area. For instance, flooding caused
by choked drains and culverts fall under the responsibility of the local authority, while flooding
caused by over spilling of drain and rivers due to inadequate capacity is normally responsibility of
DID.
UBBL 115
Roof Drainage
All roof of building shall be constructed to drain effectively and sufficient channel shall be provided
in accordance with the requirement of these law for receiving and conveying all water which may
fall on and from the roof
Drainage system
Under law 115
All roofs of buildings shall be constructed as to drain effectually to suitable and sufficient channel,
gutter, chutes, or trough which shall be provided in accordance with the requirement of these By-
laws for receiving and conveying all water which may fall on and off from the roof
2) For buildings required to install SPAH, the design and construction of SPAH shall conform o the
following requirement:
a) Rainwater must not flow into the public water tank. Water from the public water tank can
flow into the rainwater tank subjected to it being equipped with one way non return valve
or the over flow pipe in the rainwater tank is located at least 225mm lower from the inlet
pipe to the rainwater tank
b) SPAH outlet /rainwater shall be clearly marked with ‘Not For Drinking or Bathing’
c) Gutters used shall have sufficient slop to prevent stagnant water
d) Rainwater pipe shall be in green colour.

Summary and conclusion
In this project, I had learned to identify relevant information related to water and electrical
supply, liquid waste disposal, sanitary and rainwater management system. Moreover, I had
deeper understanding to the planning of building services within the design and
construction peripheries. Last but not least, I am able to propose the most suitable systems
for a specific type of building upon finish this project.
Reference
1. Chudley, Roy. 1988. Building Finishes, Fittings and Domestic Services. 2nd Edition. Longman.
2. Greeno, R. 2000. Building Services Equipment. 5th Edition. Longman.
3. Hall, Frederick E. 1997. Building Services and Equipment. Volume 2. 2nd Edition.
4. Hall, Frederick E. 1999. Building Services, Technology and Design. 3rd Edition. Longman.
5. Stein, Benjamin & Reynolds, John S. 2000. Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings. New York,
John Wiley.
6. Surface water drainage. (n.d.). Retrieved July 04, 2017, from http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/households/your-
water-bill/surfacewaterdrainage/
7. Cold water storage tanks and how they work. (2017). Practicaldiy.com. Retrieved 4 July 2017, from
http://www.practicaldiy.com/plumbing/water-supply/cold-water-tank.php
8. Don Vandervort, H. (2017). How a Home Electrical System Works. Hometips.com. Retrieved 4 July 2017,
from https://www.hometips.com/how-it-works/electrical-panel-circuit-breakers.html
9. Home Affairs Department - Building Management - Daily Operation of Building Management. (2017).
Buildingmgt.gov.hk. Retrieved 4 July 2017, from
http://www.buildingmgt.gov.hk/en/daily_operation_of_building_management/6_3_15_1.htm
10. November | 2014 | Majestic 40 at Gardener's Ridge. (2017). Majestic40atgardenersridge.wordpress.com.
Retrieved 4 July 2017, from https://majestic40atgardenersridge.wordpress.com/2014/11/
11. Perimeter drain, segment drain or interceptor drain Indiana septic system design, consulting Meade Septic
Design Inc.. (2017). Septicdesign.com. Retrieved 4 July 2017, from http://www.septicdesign.com/septic-
lingo/perimeter-drain/
12. Rongey, D., & Rongey, D. (2017). Ceiling Fan Wiring Diagram #1. Ask-the-electrician.com. Retrieved 4 July
2017, from http://ask-the-electrician.com/ceiling-fan-wiring-diagram-1.html
13. What is a Grease Trap?. (2017). Thermaco.com. Retrieved 4 July 2017, from
https://thermaco.com/resources/what-is-a-grease-trap

Building services project2

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Building services project2

More from Jy Chong

Recently uploaded

Building services project2