This document appears to be a student project report on integrating daylighting and artificial lighting strategies for two spaces - an Arts and Music Library and a Cultural Collection space. For each space, the student analyzes the daylight factors through simulations and calculations to determine the adequacy of natural light. They also perform lighting calculations using the lumen method to determine the artificial lighting needs. The key findings are that the Library space is not well-lit by daylight alone and needs artificial lights, while the Collection space has excessive daylight and may benefit from shading devices to control glare.

1. BUILDING SCIENCE II
[BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]
PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION PROJECT
NAME : NICOLE FOO SHULI
STUDENT ID: 0325517
TUTOR: MR EDWIN

2.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
1.1 SITE PLAN
1.2 CLIMATIC STUDIES
2. DRAWINGS
2.1 FLOOR PLANS
2.2 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
3. DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES
3.1 REQUIRED FORMULA
3.2 SPACE A : ARTS AND MUSIC LIBRARY
3.2.1 Floor Plan
3.2.2 Sectional Perspective
3.2.3 Daylight Contour
3.2.4 Average Daylight Factor
3.2.5 Conclusion
3.3 SPACE B: CULTURAL COLLECTION 2
3.3.1 Floor Plan
3.3.2 Sectional Perspective
3.3.3 Daylight Contour
3.3.4 Average Daylight Factor
3.3.5 Conclusion
4. ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING STRATEGIES
4.1 REQUIRED FORMULA
4.2 LIGHT FIXTURES PROPERTIES
4.3 SPACE A: ARTS AND MUSIC LIBRARY
4.3.1 Room Index Calculations
4.3.2 Lumen Method Calculation
4.3.3 Reflected Ceiling Plan & Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis
4.3.4 PSALI Intergration
4.4 SPACE B: CULTURAL COLLECTION 2
4.4.1 Room Index Calculations
4.4.2 Lumen Method Calculation
4.4.3 Reflected Ceiling Plan & Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis
4.4.4 PSALI Intergration

3.
1 .INTRODUCTION TO SITE
1.1 SITE PLAN
The site is located along Jalan Hang Kasturi, Kuala Lumpur. The library has the coordinates of Latitude = 3.146792,
Longitude = 101.696084, with the back façade receiving eastern sunlight and the front façade receiving western
sunlight.
Figure 1 Site plan showing location and orientation of site.

4. 1.2 SUNPATH STUDIES
Figure 2 Shadow simulation diagram of site on 22​nd​
December at 9am.
Figure 3 Shadow simulation diagram of site on 22​nd​
December at 1pm.

5.
Figure 4 Shadow simulation diagram of site on 22​nd​
December at 4pm.
Both front and back facades are covered with horizontal timber batten screenings. At 9am, the top half of the back
facade receives eastern sunlight, while the lower half of the building is shaded by the block of buildings behind it. At
1pm, the sun penetrates the building from the glass roof directly below it, lighting up majoirity of the spaces within the
building. At 4pm, the front façade is fully exposed to the western sun without being blocked by any buildings, causing
the spaces you be lit with light that diffuses through the screening.

9. 3. DAYLIGHT STRATEGIES
3.1 REQUIRED FORMULA
The average daylight factor is used to assess the adequacy of daylight in a building /space.
verage DF ×A = A
W Tθ
(1−R)
W is the area of the windows (m2)
A is the total area of the internal surfaces (m2)
T is the glass transmittance corrected for dirt
θ is visible sky angle in degrees from the center of the window
R is the average reflectance of area A.
3.2 SPACE A: ARTS AND MUSIC LIBRARY
3.2.1 Floor Plan
Figure 11 Isolated floor plan of The Arts and Music Library.

10. 3.2.2 Sectional Perspective (Short Section)
Figure 12 The Arts and Music Library receives little natural daylight at 9am.
Figure 13 The Arts and Music Library receives close to no natural daylight at 4pm
.
Located on the 1​st
Floor of the building, the Arts and Music Library receives natural daylight very poorly as it is mostly
shaded the the 2​nd
Floor. This space has a concrete wall on one side and wooden screenings as wall on the other. The
openings of this space is made of rotatable floor to ceiling glass panels as door.
3.2.3 Daylight Contour
The front of this room is directly coupled with the front
façade, the back of the space is shaded by the fire staircase.
As seen in the daylight simulation diagram, the glass doors
are the main places where natural light can travel into the
space, other than that the space is rather dark.
Figure 14 Daylight simulation of the Arts & Music Library.

11.
3.2.4 Average Daylight Factor
DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION
Area of the windows (W, m2) Dimensions of window:
(L) 6.15m , (H) 4m
6.15 X 4 = 24.6m​2
Total area of the internal surfaces (A, m2)
Dimensions of space:
(L) 22.1m, (W) 9.5m, (H) 4m, (void on floor) 8.28mx4.9m
(22.1 X 9.5) + ( (22.1 X 9.5) – (8.28 X 4.9)) + 2 (22.1 X 4) + 2 (9.5 X
4) = 632.13m​2
Glass transmittance corrected for dirt (T) 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean environment)
Visible sky angle in degrees from the center of the
window (θ)
54​o
Average reflectance of area A (R)
0.4 (not all light is reflected back onto space)
Average Daylight Factor (DF)
verage DF ×A = A
W Tθ
(1−R)
verage DF ×A = 24.6
632.13 (1−0.4)
(0.6)(54)
verage DF .0389… ×54A = 0
verage DF .10%A = 2
3.2.5 Conclusion
According to the average daylight factor, this space is not well lit. The sole dependence on natural daylight to lit this
space is not ideal and not sufficient. For users to use the space comfortably, artificial lighting is very much needed.
Artificial lighting system should be designed according to to PSALI.

12. 3.3 SPACE B : CULTURAL COLLECTION 2
3.3.1 Floor Plan
Figure 15 Isolated floor plan of Cultural Collection 2.
Located on the 3​rd
Floor of the building, the Cultural Collection 2 space wooden screenings as wall on 3 sides and a
concrete wall with a glass window on the other. The pair of glass doors, glass walls and windows are the openings in
this space which natural daylight is introduced into the space.

13. 3.3.2 Sectional Perspective
Figure 16 The Cultural Collection 2 receives a lot of natural daylight at 9am.
Figure 17 the space is still lit up by natural daylight at 4pm, but not by direct
sunlight as sunlight has been blocked by the roof.
3.3.3 Daylight Contour
The front and back of this room is directly coupled with the front and
back timber screening façades. As seen in the daylight simulation
diagram, this space is well lit with natural daylight.
Figure 18 Daylight simulation of the Cultural Collection 2 space.

14. 3.3.4 Average Daylight Factor
DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION
Area of the windows (W, m2) Dimensions of window:
(L) 19.24m , (H) 1.75m
(L) 4.4m , (H) 4m
(L) 7m , (H) 4m
(19.24 X 1.75) + (4.4 X 4) + (7 X 4) = 79.27m​2
Total area of the internal surfaces (A, m2)
Dimensions of space:
(L)19.89m, (W) 6.5m, (H) 4m
2 (19.89 X 6.5) + 2 (19.89 X 4) + 2 (6.5 X 4) = 469.69m​2
Glass transmittance corrected for dirt (T) 0.5 (for double glazed window corrected for dirt)
Visible sky angle in degrees from the center of the
window (θ)
85​o​
(no obstruction)
Average reflectance of area A (R)
0.4 (not all light is reflected back onto space)
Average Daylight Factor (DF)
verage DF ×A = A
W Tθ
(1−R)
verage DF ×A = 79.27
469.69 (1−0.4)
(0.5)(85)
verage DF .1687… ×70.8333…A = 0
verage DF 1.95%A = 1
3.2.5 Conclusion
According to the average daylight factor value, this space has too much natural light. Glare would be a major problem
in this space, causing discomfort to the users. Hene the openings require proper shading from the roof and also proper
shading devices such as screenings, and louvers. That being said, artificial lighting is still required for the usage of
space during the evening.

15. 4.ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING STRATEGIES
4.1 REQUIRED FORMULA
Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and luminaire planes.
IR = L×W
(L+W)(H )
m
RI = room index
L = length
W = width
H​m​
= mounted height of fitting above the working plane
The Lumen Method
N = E×A
F×MF×UF
where,
N = number of lamps required.
E = illuminance level required (lux)
A = area at working plane height (m2)
F = average luminous flux from each lamp (lm)
UF = utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces.
MF = maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt
For filament lamps (bulbs) in direct luminaries:
.0×HSmax = 1
m
Where,
= maximum horizontal spacing between fittingsSmax
H​m ​
= mounted height of fitting above the working plane

16. 4.2 LIGHTING PROPERTIES
Type of Light Dimmable Recessed LED Downlight
Type of Light Bulb LED light bulb
Product Brand Maxxima Style
Lighting Distribution Direct distribution
Material Fixture Aluminum housing
Nominal Life (hours) 50,000
Wattage Range (W) 60
Luminous Flux (lm) 2000
Colour Temperature (k) 3000
Colour Designation Warm white
4.3 SPACE A : ARTS AND MUSIC LIBRARY
4.3.1 ROOM INDEX CLACULATION
Room dimensions L = 22.1m
W = 9.5m
Ceiling height 4.0m
Height of working plane 0.8m
Mounted height of fitting above the working plane
(H​m​
)
4 – 0.8 = 3.2m
Room Index, RI
IR = 22.1×9.5
(22.1+9.5)(3.2)
IR = 101.12
209.95
I .08R = 2

17. 4.3.2 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
Illuminance level required (E, lux)
IES Standard Illumination Level for reading space in library
= 300lux
Area at working plane height (A, m​2​
)
22.1 X 9.5 = 209.95m​2
Average luminous flux from each lamp (F, lm)
2000
Utilization Factor (UF) 0.6 (based on UF table)
Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)
Number of Lamps Required (N)
N = 300×209.95
2000×0.6×0.8
N = 960
62985
5.6N = 6
∴ ​Total number of lamps required = 66 lamps
Maximum horizontal spacing between fittings ( )Smax
.0×3.2Smax = 1
.2 mSmax = 3
∴ ​Distance between lights should not be greater than 3.2m

18. 4.3.3 Reflected Ceiling Plan & Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis
Figure 19 & 20 Light fixtures arrangement according to calculations ; Lighting simulation contour during day time,
showing a mixture of natural lighting and artificial lighting used in the space.

19. PSALI Intergration
Figure 21 Separation of lighting systems.
Since the areas directly next to the glass doors are the areas that receive more natural light, lighting that are above
those areas should be grouped to one switch (highlighted in red in Figure 21). And the remaining lights should be
grouped as another switch (highlighted in blue in Figure 21). This gives the users an option to control the surrounding
lights and center lights separately.
During the day, this space is mainly dependent on artificial lighting. But it is important to separate and group the blue
lighting systems according to the function of space directly below it.
During the night, this space will be fully dependent on artificial lighting.

20. 4.4 SPACE B : CULTURAL COLLECTION 2
4.4.1 ROOM INDEX CLACULATION
Room dimensions L = 19.89m
W = 6.5m
Ceiling height 4.0m
Height of working plane 0.8m
Mounted height of fitting above the working plane
(H​m​
)
4 – 0.8 = 3.2m
Room Index, RI IR = 19.89×6.5
(19.89+6.5)(3.2)
IR = 84.448
129.285
I .53R = 1
4.4.2 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
Illuminance level required (E, lux)
IES Standard Illumination Level for reading space in library
= 300lux
Area at working plane height (A, m​2​
)
19.89 X 6.5 = 129.285m​2
Average luminous flux from each lamp (F, lm)
2000
Utilization Factor (UF) 0.6 (based on UF table)
Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)
Number of Lamps Required (N) N = 300×129.285
2000×0.6×0.8
N = 960
38785.5
0.4N = 4
∴ ​Total number of lamps required = 40 lamps
Maximum horizontal spacing between fittings ( )Smax
.0×3.2Smax = 1
.2 mSmax = 3
∴ ​Distance between lights should not be greater than 3.2m
4.4.3. Reflected Ceiling Plan & Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis

21.
Figure 22 & 23 Light fixtures arrangement according to calculations ; Lighting simulation contour during an evening
setting with the space being fully dependent on artificial lighting.
4.4.4. PSALI Intergration

22.
Proper shading and screening devices are added onto openings
to overcome the issue of glare providing users with a much
more visually comfortable space. Ideally this space should be
fully dependent on natural daylight and independent of artificial
lighting during the day.
Since the areas directly next to the openings and façade
screenings are the areas that receive more natural light, lighting
that are above those areas should be grouped to one switch
(highlighted in red in Figure 24). And the remaining lights that
are in the center should be grouped as another switch
(highlighted in blue in Figure 24). This gives the users an option
to control the surrounding lights and center lights separately.
During the night, this space will be fully dependent on artificial
lighting.
Figure 24 Separation of lighting system.