This document outlines a student project to design and construct a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on the design process, drawings and 3D model, materials used, structural joints and connections, construction progress, structural analysis, and test results. The group's design is inspired by Wang Shu's bus stop design and emphasizes the structural components. Key elements include a cuboid base, triangular roof sections made of timber and clear acrylic sheeting, and a one-way floor system to transfer loads. Construction involved forming concrete stumps, assembling the floor frame, adding seating, and completing the roof structure. Testing showed the floor could withstand typical live loads.

1. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 (BLD 60703)
Project 1: Skeletal Construction (Temporary Bus Shelter)
Zoe Low Li Mien 0319444
Bakht Jalal Khan 0326850
Ngu Xian Le 0323898
Clare Tsisika Ayisi 0325787
Tutor: Mr Rizal

2. CONTENTS PAGES
1. Introduction 1
2. Design Process 2
3. Drawings and 3D Model 7
4. Materials 10
5. Joints and Connections 11
6. Construction Process 14
7. Analysis 18
8. Test Results 19
9. References 20

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
The objectives of this project are as following:
● To create an understanding of skeletal structures and its relevant structural components.
● To understand how a skeletal structure works under various loads.
● To demonstrate a convincing understanding of how skeletal structure works.
● To be able to manipulate skeletal construction to solve an oblique design problem.
In a group of four, we are to research and generate a design of a structure that is to adhere the
principles of skeletal structure. Identified under the name of “Bus Stand”, our building is required to
withstand the various forces of nature, and at the same time being a simple to construct and easy to
excess.
Using the construction methods common to building with wood, we managed to construct our Bus
stand, within the parameters of the project.
1

4. 2. DESIGN PROCESS
Title: Anatomy
As we are required to emphasis greater on the principles of structural components, this inspired us to base
our design on the “structure” itself. In other words, the research on the various systems, i.e, the foundation,
the floor, and the roof are responsible for our end design.
Similar to a medical student when performing anatomy on a specimen, the student cuts open and extracts
the various organs to study them in connection with the whole organism.
At the end of his study, the student then sows the organism back again as best as he can, of course, ending
up deforming the original.
This is the concept behind our design, and hence the name “anatomy”.
2

5. INSPIRATION
Wang Shu’s Bus Stop.
Inspired by its Triangular
Roof.
3

6. Furthermore, conforming to the
guidelines and limitations provided in
the brief:
A Cuboid to serve as the base of the
structure.
The skeleton of the cuboid provides the
most basic structure and enables easy
access to and fro.
Triangular prisms slide across each
other forming the roof of our design.
Characteristics of triangles are similar to
a “pitched roof”. A pitched roof being the
most suitable for the present site
conditions and environment i.e. Rain
Discharge.
SHAPES CHOSEN
4

7. The dimensions of our design are a result of the various characteristics on the materials and
components used.
6 Inch Thick Timber Planks can take up a load for a maximum 5m.
SIZE
5

8. ONE WAY SYSTEM The floor system transfers the loads in
one direction only.
6

9. FLOOR PLAN
3. DRAWINGS AND 3D MODEL
7

10. WEST ELEVATION VIEWFRONT ELEVATION VIEW 8

11. 3D VIEW 9

12. 4. MATERIALS CLEAR ACRYLIC SHEET
Timber has a higher durability and
strength, enabling to support heavy loads
as the main structure. It is applied onto
the Floor System, Columns, Seating and
the Roof Frames.
Concrete is implemented on the stumps
and footing as the structure’s Foundation.
It has high compressive strength and
durability, enabling to hold the columns in
a fixed position.
Clear Acrylic Sheet is constructed for the
roofing to shelter the interior. It’s
weather resistant suitable for rain. It has
high resistant impact. It’s lightweight.
TIMBER
CONCRETE
10

13. 5. JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
FOUNDATION
Floor Beams attached to
the columns using bolts
and nuts.
The floor beams rest upon
cleats that are connected
using nails.
FLOOR SYSTEM
The Joists are connected
to rim joists using Corner
Brackets, Joist Hangers
and Nails.
Decking connected using
nails.
ROOF SYSTEM
1. Ridge board
connected to
columns using bolts
and nuts.
11

14. ROOF SYSTEM
3. The Rafters connected
to the Ridgeboard using
Corner Brackets.
ROOF SYSTEM
2. The Rafters connected
to the Roof Beams using
notching technique.
12

15. CONNECTING COMPONENTS
L BRACKETS SCREWS BOLTS NAILS
13

16. FOUNDATION
Concrete Stumps using
polystyrene formwork
Added nails to ensure the
columns remains in
position in the stumps.
Mixed Concrete in a ratio
with sand and aggregates
and fill in the formwork.
The end of result of the
Concrete Stumps formed.
6. CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS
14

17. FLOORING
Constructed a floor frame. Added L brackets to
ensure its connections.
Timber panels nailed onto
the floor frame.
Timber Floor Beams are
measured..
Floor beams are attached
to the end of the columns.
Floor frames are
connected with the
columns with L Brackets.
The middle columns are
also attached with the L
Brackets.
The rest of the timber
planks are added in
conjunction to the column. 15

18. SEATING
20cm x 6cm Timber
Seating is sawed and
nailed.
Timber Seating is nailed
to the middle columns as
support.
16

19. ROOFING AND FINISHES
Timber Columns sawed
for notching connections.
The Ridge Board is
screwed with the columns.
The rafters are screwed
with the ridge board.
Rafters are screwed with
L Brackets.
The Roof frame is
completed.
The Timber Structure is
painted.
Clear Acrylic Sheet is cut
into Triangular Shapes.
The Clear Acrylic Sheet is
screwed onto the Roof
frame. 17

20. 7. ANALYSIS
THE WIND LOAD
In horizontal action
THE LIVE LOAD
The weight of the
person, in a vertical
action. The Structure
transfers this load to
the Foundation.
THE DEAD LOAD
The deadv load is
the building’s load,
transfered along the
roof to the
Foundation.
18

21. 8. TEST RESULTS
The floor structure proved to be
stable and can overcome the live load
that weighs roughly 70kg in 1:5 scale.
19

22. Building a shed, Retrieved on April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ke0R1eMm1g4.
Pole foundation system, Retrived on April 2017, from http://raisedfloorlivingpro.com/construction-process/footings-
foundations/
Floor system, Retrieved on April 2017, from http://www.steelconstruction.info/Floor_systems
Ching, Francis D.K. 1991. Building Construction Illustrated. New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Foster, J.S. and Greeno, R. (2006). Mitchell's Structure & Fabric Part 1. Routledge.
Deplazes, A. (2008). Constructing Architecture Materials Processes Structures A Handbook. Birkhauser.
9. REFERENCES
20