BCON PJT 1

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION ECOSANCTUARY
SIEW HUI
DAVID TAN
NEVILLE
CHOMUN
RAINNIE
ZOE LOW
SARA WEE

Introduction to group members
The following report consists of a group of 7 students, included in the list are the names, student
identification numbers and the assigned sections for the assignment.
1. Sara Wee (03224669) – Introduction
2. Tung Siew Hui (0323823) – Site and Safety
3. Tan Ke Weh (0323799) – Preliminary Work
4. Wong Cho Mun (0322723) - Foundation
5. Zoe Low Li Mien (0319444) - Super-structure
6. Vun Tze Lin (0323301) - Doors and Windows
7. Neville Geoffrey(0317780) - Roof

Index
No. Section Page
1.0 Introduction and Group Members’ Details 2
1.1 Introduction to Site 4-5
2.0 Site and Safety 6-9
2.1 Plants and Machinery 10-11
3.0 Preliminaries Work 12
3.1 Site Layout, Setting Out and Earth Work 13-18
4.0 Foundation 19
4.1 Foundation type and construction process (Site
Visit)
20-23
4.2 Foundation type and construction process (
Reference)
24-27
5.0 Superstructure (Site Visit and Reference) 28-29
5.1 Beam and Column 30-34, 39-41
5.2 Slab 35-38
5.3 Wall 42-44
5.4 Staircase 45
6.0 Door and Windows 46-52
7.0 Roof 53
7.1 Roof type and Construction Process (Site Visit) 54-64
7.2 Roof type and Construction Process
(Reference)
65
8.0 Summary 66
8.1 References 67-68

Introduction to site
This module is the first and most basic part of building
construction modules. It intends to develop the
understanding of the foundation of principles and
practices in the construction technology field in relation
to the site, plants, building components which are below
ground, the foundation, on ground, floor and staircase,
beams and columns, walls and openings, and above
ground, as well as the roof and ceiling.
With that, we are tasked as a group to fulfil the following
requirements of the following project which is to learn
and produce a full report regarding various construction
elements. Through this, we further understand the
principles as well as the sequence of construction
activities, importance of basic detailing, material
application through a selected real life project.
As a group, we have followed the brief and outlines of
this assignment and compiled all the information
necessary for the following report; by visiting Eco
Sanctuary which is based in Selangor. (Eco Sanctuary,
Lot 41296, Persiaran Eco Sanctuary, 42500 Telok
Panglima Garang, Selangor D.E.)

Eco Sanctuary is a gated and guarded community.
With a wide array of houses to pick from, we as a
group specifically focused on the Regio Villa; which is
in the Monterey residences, running though types A,
A1, A2 and A3. The Type A and A1 semi-detatched
houses span from 8m x 17.7m. Each house consists of
3 bedrooms of various sizes together with en suite
bathrooms and a personal balcony. A spacious car
porch is followed by a grand living room and dining
area. The house also accommodates a guest on its
ground floor. Types A2 and A3 span about 3m wider
then Types A and A1, but still accommodating to the
same features. All 4 types of villas range from 2718 sq.
ft. to 3017 sq. ft. All four villa types are surrounded by
a 1200mm high fencing or 1500mm brick wall,
depending on where the villas are situated.

REGULATION BOARD OF
SAFETY SIGN
To ensure workers are in proper
attire to prevent accidents
from happening in
construction site
SITE SAFETY
SAFETY HELMET
● Safety helmet must be worn all times to
protect the head from injury.
● To prevent head contact with sharp objects
or hazard situation which might cause
direct injuries to the head.
SAFETY VEST
● High visibility vest must be worn to
ensure you are visible.
● Able to reflect light to be able to be
seen in dark areas.
SAFETY BOOTS
● High visibility must be worn to
protect foot from injury.
SAFETY GOGGLES
● Safety goggles are worn to protect
the eyes from dust and dangerous
objects.
PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Safety Equipment
achieved by site
workers

SAFETY TAGS
Usually hung on
scaffolding to be seen
by site workers.
Red Tag
- Restricted area, not
allowed enter the building
without supervision.
Green Tag
- Safe to enter, safety of the
site is checked beforehand.
SAFETY DEBRIS NET
Debris netting wraps the building in
safety, protecting workers,
pedestrians, and nearby structures
from harm.

ARRANGEMENT OF
MATERIALS
PLANTS AND
MACHINERIES
There is a specific way of arranging materials in
construction site. As you can see in the diagram the
stacking method of the metal bars and concrete
blocks is arranged in order to prevent any accidents
from happening.
Rebar bending
Machine
- Used to bend steel bars
for construction
purpose.
- Bends Reinforcing bars
Reinforcing
Bars
JKKP (JABATAN KESELAMATAN
DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJA)
- JKKP officers will come to survey the site to ensure
the workers health and safety is being taken care
of within the site.
- They are able to close the site down if the site did
not follow their rules.

PLANTS AND MACHINERY
DUMP TRUCK
Transport sand, soil or dirt.
Open-box bed which is hinged at the rear, have a
hydraulic piston to lift up the bed to dump the load
behind the back.
THE EXCAVATOR
Heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom,stick,
bucket and cab on a rotating platform which known
as ‘house’.
Used for digging trenches, holes, foundation for landscape
work
Used for digging up sewage pipes or
Dump Truck Excavator

PORTABLE CONCRETE MIXER
A machinery that mixes cement,
aggregate such as sand and
gravel and water to form
concrete.
For smaller scale works such as
stairs or forming of walls.
MOBILE CRANE
operate a boom from the end of
which a hook is suspended by
wire rope and sheaves.
Lift and lower materials from one
place to another
Transfer heavy loads to a full 360
radius.
FORKLIFTER
A forklift (also called a lift
truck, a fork truck, or a
forklift truck) is a
powered industrial
truck used to lift and
move materials short
distances.
Carries materials like
cement, concrete
blocks, wood and many
more in construction
site

PRELIMINARY WORKS
UNDER MOST FORMS OF BUILDING CONTRACT, IT IS THE BUILDER’S RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE SURE THE SETTING IS
PRECISE.THUS,THE TASK OF PREPARING FOR THE SETTING OUT THE BUILDINGS CAN BE COMMENCED. GOOD
PRELIMINARY WORKS ARE ESSENTIAL NOT JUST TO MAKE SURE THE BUILD PROCESS GOES ALONG SMOOTHLY,BUT ALSO
TO ENSURE THAT THE BUILDING IS WELL BUILT,STABLE AND SECURE. THESE OPERATIONS CAN BE CATEGORIZED UNDER
FOUR HEADING AS BELOW.
SETTING OUT EARTHWORK DRAINAGE TEMPORARY FACILITIES

SETTING OUT
1. SITE CLEARING
In this process, vegetation,
stumps, roots and obstacles that
will affect the construction are
removed.
3. SOIL TESTING
The sample of the soil
from the site is collected
and identified
2. LAND SURVEYING
The primary property boundaries
is accurately measured and
marked out with theodolite and
preliminary markers are
produced to set out.
4.) SETTING OUT
All the boundaries of the
building from the
preliminary works are
marked out.

7.) PEGGING OUT
The building corners are set up as a
temporary benchmark using wooden
pegs in the ground with a nail on top
to determine the walls using
pythagoras theorem.
6.)SETTING OUT CORNER PROFILES
AND MARK BUILDER’S LINE
The positions and widths of the wall ,foundations
and excavation are marked using wooden blocks.
5.)LEVELING AND GRADING
A leveled base foundation is important.
Thus, leveling the ground using builder’s
auto leveler to measure the height of two
points on a horizontal plane, to ensure
the ground is level.

EARTHWORK
Removing, moving and adding large quantities of soil, rocks from an
existing land to another area is a process Earthwork. This is done to
achieve a suitable level or height for a construction purpose.
Specific type of earthwork done is determined based on the
condition of the site and soil and to prepare the sire for other
construction works such as making roadways, works on bridges and
underground tunnels.
Types of Excavation
Topsoil Excavation- the removal of top soil as a Building Regulation
Requirement Depth varies from different sites but usually 150 to
300mm range. Top soil contains living things and decaying matter
which makes the soil compressible and unsuitable to support the
building structures.
Reduce Level/ Grading Surfaces - the cut and fill method

Temporary drainage to discharge
water from site.
DrainageEarth Work- Cut & Fills
Cut and Fill method is where the existing slopes are
measured and levelled. This is a common and most
used method as it can help save on the labour work of
landfilling and also time consumed on transport. The
quantity of soil that has been removed will be the same
amount to be filled.

TEMPORARY FACILITIES
Preparing the essential facilities and setting up which are required for the trades
people’s conveniences at the site and to work effectively to construct the
buildings. The temporary facilities within the construction site includes the site
office, canteen, storage area, hutments and water storage area.
Site Office
Water storage areaHutments For WorkmenStorage area for
materials

1.What is foundation?
The foundation is the lowest division of a building. It constructed partly or wholly below the surface
of the ground. The function of foundation is to support and anchor the superstructure above and
transmit it’s loads safely into the earth.
2. Foundation system must be designed to :
- Accommodate the form and layout of the superstructure.
- Respond to the varying conditions of soil, rock and water table.
- Must anchor the superstructure above against wind-induced sliding, overturning,
uplifting, ground movements due to earthquake.
3. Good foundation should be :
- A good foundation should have the STRENGTH to bear the self-weight and loads.
- A good foundation should provide STABILITY depends on the particular soil conditions.
- A good foundation should be DURABLE to harsh conditions: chloride and sulphate attack,
termite etc.

4.1 FOUNDATION TYPE
AND CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS
In our site, shallow foundation are used because it
is for small or light building. It is using the basic
kind of foundation which is pad footing.

Pad Footing
Usually each column will have its own footing and the load
of the building is carried by columns. The footing is just a
square or rectangular pad of concrete on which the column
sits. It take the total load on the column and divide it by the
safe bearing capacity (SBC) of the soil. Individual footings
are usually connected by a plinth beam, a horizontal beam
that is built at ground or below ground level.
Reinforcement
The base of a column to a steel frame is
secured using captive bolts that are set
loosely into the pad foundation. Height is
adjusted by packing with shims, whilst
horizontal adjustment is allowed by the
loose fixing of the bolts they are later
secured using a dry mortar mix.

Construction process
1. Fix the position of the foundation
2. Excavate the soil
3. Make the footing form work and
place rebars at the bottom
4. Pour concrete into form work
5. Compacting
6. Leave to cure for five days.
Compacting is used to ensure that a pour
is even and free of air bubbles so that the
concrete will remain strong and have a
smooth finish even after the formwork is
removed.
2.
5.
6.

4.2 FOUNDATION TYPE AND CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS
There are two type of foundation one is shallow foundation and another one is deep
foundation

Shallow foundation
Shallow foundation are used for small or light building. There are three basic kinds of
shallow foundation: 1. Pad footing 2. Strip footing 3. Raft footing
2. Strip footing
A strip of concrete that continuous below load
bearing wall in building to spread the load and
placed centrally under walls and used in majority of
building up to 4 stories in height.
3. Raft footing
A reinforced concrete slab that covers the whole
area of a building and usually extends beyond it.
Best suited for use on soft natural ground or fill or
on ground that is liable to subsidence as in mining
areas thus eliminating differential settlement.

Deep Foundation
Deep foundations are employed when the soil underlying a foundation is unstable or
of inadequate bearing capacity. They extend down through unsuitable soil to transfer
building loads to a more appropriate bearing stratum of rock or dense sands and
gravels well below the super structure. There are two type of deep foundation 1. End
bearing pile and 2. Friction pile.
1. End bearing pile
The shafts of the piles act as columns carrying the loads
through the overlaying weak subsoils to firm strata into
which the pile toe has penetrated. This can be rock strata
or a layer of firm sand or gravel which has been compacted
by the displacement and vibration encountered during the
driving.

2. Friction pile
Any foundation imposes on the ground a pressure which
spreads out to form a pressure bulb. If a suitable load
bearing strata cannot be found at an acceptable level,
particularly in stiff clay soils, it is possible to use a pile to
carry this pressure bulb to a lower level where a higher
bearing capacity is found. The friction or floating pile is
mainly supported by adhesion or friction action of the soil
around the perimeter of the pile shaft.

- Superstructure is a vertical extension
of the structure above the ground.
- A superstructure consist of elements
such as beams, slabs, columns, walls
and stairs that creates the structure
of the house.
- They support the building,
transferring the load of the building
through the structure to the ground.
- They are constructed after the
foundation work is finished
extending from the stump onwards.
SUPERSTRUCTURE
= Load
Structure of the house

After the foundation has been constructed, they create the ground beam. They place the conventional
formwork [timber] in the shape of the ground beam, the formwork consist of plywood nailed to a frame
supported by the studs and brace.
Plywood Frame: Timber was used as it’s cheaper and easier to
cut and form the shape for work.
STUDS BRACES
GROUND BEAM

Next, the steel reinforcement bar [rebar] is added to the formwork. The bar bender will use the rebar
bending machine to bend the rebar into a required shape and length. Then they will tie the stirrups
onto the reinforcement bars with wire and form a reinforcement cage. Once this is done, they will lower
the reinforcement bar into the formwork after that the concrete is poured into the formwork and
vibrate.
The Formwork of the Ground Beam FORMWORK
RC BAR
WIRE
STIRRUPS

As they pour, they vibrate the concrete to as prevent it from having air bubbles and to form a
honeycomb. Once the concrete is cured, which usually takes 7-14 days, they remove the formwork. This
completes the construction of the ground beam itself, which acts like frames.
RC BARS OF COLUMNS
CONCRETE FRAMES
RC BARS OF GROUND BEAM

1ST FLOOR BEAM
After the columns have finished constructing, they erect the scaffolding to hold the formwork for the 1st
floor beam in place. They position the timber formwork to the shape and size specified by the engineer.
They fabricate the reinforcement cage for the beam and lower it in the formwork.
SCAFFOLDING
ERECTED TO HOLD
FORMWORK
Formwork completed

The Ground slabs are made out of reinforced concrete. They place the formwork surrounding the ground
beam, which creates the edges of the slab. They lay in the hardcore. Then they put in the damp proof
membrane [DPM], which prevents the ground moisture from going up.
GROUND SLAB
The Concrete Slab
RC BEAM
CONCRETE
SLAB RC MESH
DPM
HARDCORE

They insert in the BRC mesh with a concrete spacer. This sets a distance for the rebar to the surface of
the concrete, preventing the steel bar from corroding. Then they pour and vibrate the concrete again.
They lay wet sacks on top of the concrete in order to cure it, which they will remove the formwork once it
is cured.
CONCRETE
SPACER
MESH LIFTED
BRC MESH

After the 1st floor beam has finished constructing, then they lay the reinforcement bars for the slab. They are placed onto
the spacer which must be at least 25mm away from the surface. This prevents the reinforcement from coming contact
with the water and air. Then they pour in the concrete and vibrate it.
Formwork removed after concrete is
cured
1ST FLOOR SLAB
Scaffolding erected to hold formwork for both
the slab and beam
Formwork and BRC Mesh inserted.

Construction of the columns initiated after the ground beam and slab are built. They first fabricate the
reinforcement bars and tie the bars and stirrups to form a cage. Then they insert the reinforcement
cage to overlap the bars from the stumps onto a vertical position. They check the verticality by using
surveying equipment.
STUMPS
RC BARS
Concrete Columns
RC BARS
WIRES
STIRRUPS

Then they place the formwork for all sides of the column. Then they pour in the concrete and vibrate it,
once the column is cured, they remove the formwork.

There are two types of walls. Loadbearing and non loadbearing walls. In this site, non load bearing and
non precast walls are used as the concrete structure of the house has already been constructed and the
load is carried by the RC structure. The walls are made out of clay bricks.
WALLS
NON LOAD BEARING BRICK
WALLS
CONCRETE STRUCTURE
CLAY
BRICKS

Between the concrete structure are infilled with bricks to construct walls. Dowel bars have been planted
and extended out of the column. The Brick are constructed with the Dowel bar in the mortar and they
are at every four course of the brickwork. As well as the Exmet, which are also laid at every four course
in the mortar. This help to bond the brick wall to the structure and the Exmet helps to improve the
rigidity of the brick wall. They are constructed in a stretcher bond bonded the mortar. Stretcher bond
are commonly used in Malaysia as most brick wall are plastered. They put in the damp proof course to
prevent moisture from rising from the ground to the wall. This prevents mould and damp from forming.
DOWEL BAR EXMET
DOWEL BAR
DPC
Strecher Bond

Once the mortar is cured, then they put in the plastering to finish up the brick wall. They do so
by not only do they plaster the interior walls but also erect scaffolding for the exterior walls as
well.
The Finished house Scaffolding erected

STAIRS
The stairs are half winding, also known as a dog leg stair. They are
cast in situ. They are made out of concrete. They are constructed
using scaffolding to place the formwork in correct RC
measurements for its riser and treads as specified by the architect.
They insert in the reinforcement bars, they pour in the concrete,
vibrating it.
The Starter Bar for the staircase Formwork of the staircase Mesh lowered into the formwork
THREAD MIN; 255
RISER
MAX 180

DOOR FRAME DOOR COMPONENTS
sill
Trim
Hinge Stile
Jamb
Lockset
Threshold
Side Casing
Head
Jamb
Side Jamb
Lug
Sill

Installation of door and door frame
1. VERIFY THE ROUGH OPENING
-Measure the rough opening and the door to determine that the size is correct.
-Ensure that the rough opening is plumb, level and square, and that the walls in the opening are not twisted.
2. WRB IS INSTALLED
- Create a temporary flap at the head of the opening by cutting the WRB on a 45 degree angle. Temporarily
tape the flap
up out of the way to allow for door installation and head flashings
- Cut back and expose the sheathing at the side jambs by removing approximately 1 1/2" of WRB. This will
create
direct-contact seal to the sheathing.

3. APPLYING SILL PAN
-Pan flashing is used at the base of openings and designed to collect and drain water directly to
the exterior or
onto the weather resistive barries.
-Before fastening the sill pan, apply three heavy 3/8” rounded bead of OSI Teq Seal onto the
construction plate,
one
outboard, inboard and at the exterior down turned leg.
-Set the pan into the sealant and check for level.
-Secure the end dams with fasteners as required. Seal the end dams, tool the end dams to the
framing.
4. INSTALL AND FASTEN THE DOOR
-Flash the opening jambs before the door is installed.
-Shim the unit at the jambs, ensuring that it is square, and that the jambs, head and sill must be
level and
straight.
-After verification, proceed to secure the unit by applying screws.

WINDOWS
A window is an opening in a wall, door, or
roof that allows the passage of light and, if
not closed or sealed, air and sound. windows
are usually glazed or covered in some other
transparent or translucent material.
Windows are held in place by frames. Many
glazed windows may be opened, to allow
ventilation, or closed, to exclude inclement
weather
Jamb
Frame
Sash
Stile

Aluminium windows must not be installed in any moist environment which is in contact with bricks or
mortar. This includes brickwork or concrete block construction.The moist environment may be caused by
constant damp brickwork or even garden sprinklers constantly wetting the aluminium frame and the
adjoining brick wall. Also aluminium doors located close to swimming pools may risk potential corrosion
problems
INSTALLATION OF WINDOW FRAME
1.-Concrete should be sealed to maintain a dry perimeter around the window frame.
-A flashing membrane could be used to isolate the aluminium frame from the brickwork.
-Use of a bitumen based coating around the opening would be sufficient to keep the aluminium from
remaining
damp.
-Use sealants to fill gaps, and to reduce the exposure of the aluminium metal to moisture. Take
measures to reduce reduce the amount of chlorine available in the environment.

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS
1.-Ensure that the aluminium frame is insulated from contact with other metals to avoid potential
future corrosion of the aluminium. This could be by bitumen coating of any steelwork around the
window or application of flashing membranes
-Aluminium windows and doors are non-load bearing, ensure adequate clearance above head of
window.
-Sill must be straight and level. Plumb jambs in both directions. Pack frame at sill and jambs only.
Frame must be square and out of twist (essential for smooth operation of sashes). Check that diagonal
measurements are equal.

Reinforced Concrete Roof Deck
Is a solid slab of concrete capping
the top of the house. The exact
specifications vary, but most concrete
roofs are several inches thick.
ROOF

How to build a Reinforced Concrete
Roof?
Things needed (materials)
· Steel joints
· Reinforcing bars
· Cement
· Concrete slab
· Sand
· W1.7 wire
Building a flat concrete roof requires proper planning. Before you begin the job, you will need to get
proper building specifications from a professional, these are the steps on building the concrete
roof,

Deciding on the Size
· One of the most crucial step in
building a flat concrete roof is to figure
out the size of the concrete block you will
need.
Placing the Steel Joints
· The steel joints will provide a strong
foundation for the flat concrete roofing.
Placing the Concrete Slabs
· Next, is placing the concrete slab
on its face.
Inserting Reinforcing Bars
· The bars should be inserted through the
space between the joint and the slab end.
Preparing the Grout
· A grout will hold the flat concrete roof in
place.
Pouring the Grout
· Pour the grout into the space between the
rows of concrete slabs, covering the joints
completely.

DIAGRAMS ON CONCRETE SLAB ROOF
A

Roof membrane system.
Liquid Applied Membrane
Step 1
In order to waterproof a concrete roof, you first need to start with a clean surface. Use the
push broom and dust pan to remove any dirt or debris from the roof. Remove as much of the
debris as possible and take your time so you can do this correctly.
Step 2
Concrete can crack and produce leaks just like any other roofing material. But the concrete
roof is easier to repair and protect. First you need to find any crack, breaks or holes in the
concrete roof. These areas are a prime spot for water to erode the concrete further.
Use the silicone caulk and caulking gun to fill all of the cracks and holes. Use the putty knife to
smooth out the silicone as well as to push it further into the crack or hole.

Step 3
Priming helps in the waterproofing process. First use the seam tape to cover any seams in the
concrete. Cover the entire seam with one piece of seam tape and then cut it with the scissors.
Make sure the seams are centered. Walk the seams to press them down further. Next apply a
coat of concrete primer to the roof. Start at one end and paint yourself into a corner; then use a
paintbrush to finish the corner. Wait for the primer coat to dry and determine if you would like to
add a second coat.
Step 4
Pour the vapor barrier into the paint sprayer and liberally spray on an even coat to the concrete
roof. Try to apply the waterproofing as evenly as possible. You will also overlap with the last spray
you placed.Allow the vapor barrier to dry before you add a second coat. After your final coat
dries, you can paint or prime it a different color.

1:Outdoor Film
2:Exterior waterproofing
membrane.
3:150mm Concrete Slab.
4:Reflective Insulation Material.
5:Indoor air-film(reflective surface)
6:Suitable fixing system.
CONCRETE SLAB DIAGRAM

Without Liquid Membrane
With Liquid membrane

Concrete weighs a lot, and the outside
walls have to be capable of supporting the
giant slab. Interior support beams can help,
but the construction works best when
concrete walls, floor and roof form a solid
shell.
A concrete roof also cuts down the risk
of damage from fire, termites, fungi and
water damage, while floodwaters might
deform or float a wooden home, a well-
built concrete home will stand solid.

Other types of roof
● Pitch roof/sloping roof
● Folded plate
● Roof shell
● Space frame
Pitch roof are Classified into
● Single roof
● Doubled or purlin roof
● Trussed roof
Other types of roofing membrane
● Synthetic Rubber (Thermoset) –
This type of membrane roof is made of large, flat
pieces of synthetic rubber or similar materials.
● Thermoplastic Membrane – This is
similar to synthetic rubber, but the seams are
typically heat-fused (welded) to form a
continuous membrane.
● Modified Bitumen – This type of roofing
is an evolution of asphalt roofing. It is made
from asphalt and a variety of rubber modifiers
and solvents.

SUMMARY
Through this report, as a gathering we go into profundity of the development
periods of the estates to facilitate comprehend what is thought about of how a
manor is constructed. This task has driven us through numerous lessons-some
being experiential realizing (where we were acquainted with the standards and
techniques), learning and comprehension the arrangements and co-
appointments required for a structure nearby, and a superior understanding
and intensive information of material and innovation that is significant in the
development business. We’ve learnt about the site and safety, preliminaries
work, foundation, superstructure, doors and windows and also the roofing of a
structure within the construction site.

REFERENCE
Ching, Francis D.K. 1991. Building Construction Illustrated.
New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Bielefeld, B. 2015. Basics Building Construction. German
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roofs1.htm
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(n.d.). EcoWorld - Creating Tomorrow & Beyond.
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(n.d.). EcoWorld - Creating Tomorrow & Beyond. Eco
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REFERENCE
Installation Details - Capral. (2016). Capral.com.au.
Retrieved 19 October 2016, from
http://www.capral.com.au/Installation-Details
How to Install an Exterior Door. (2016). wikiHow. Retrieved
19 October 2016, from
http://www.wikihow.com/Install-an-Exterior-Door
Membrane roofing. (2016). En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 19
October 2016, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_roofing#cite_
note-rooftype-2

BCON PJT 1

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BCON PJT 1