The document discusses the design of the Bialong Elevator in China, which at 326 meters is the world's tallest outdoor elevator. It summarizes the components of an elevator system and presents the known data for the Bialong Elevator. Calculations are shown to determine the required diameter and type of wire rope based on load capacity, depth, and safety factors. Stresses on the rope during normal operation, starting, and acceleration are also calculated. The car is designed to accommodate 16 passengers with interior dimensions of 2.2m high, 2.0m wide, and 1.4m deep.
Report on Tall Buildings
Project: High Rise Buildings
Level 3: Term 2
Year: 2018
Department Of Architecture, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology
The Report is done by : Ayan Barua Kanchan (1406013) ; Sakibul Hasan (1406018), Nusrat Nova (1406028); Mejbah Sakib (1406027); Asif Mohammad Tanvir ( 1306028)
Report on Tall Buildings
Project: High Rise Buildings
Level 3: Term 2
Year: 2018
Department Of Architecture, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology
The Report is done by : Ayan Barua Kanchan (1406013) ; Sakibul Hasan (1406018), Nusrat Nova (1406028); Mejbah Sakib (1406027); Asif Mohammad Tanvir ( 1306028)
It is an Powerpoint on Hydraulic Scissor Lift used for material handling in industries. PPT consist of design procedure, design consideration and calculation of lift.
It is an Powerpoint on Hydraulic Scissor Lift used for material handling in industries. PPT consist of design procedure, design consideration and calculation of lift.
introduction, types of scissor lift, advantages and disadvantages design of different components and calculation based of selected material. generated 3d model in solidworks.
Bending test | MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Laboratory | U.O.B |Saif al-din ali
SAIF A-LDIN ALI
سيف الدين علي ماضي
s96aif@gmail.com
@s96aif
Bending test | MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Laboratory | U.O.B |
The main purpose of the Bend testing is to determine
the ductility, bend strength, fracture strength and
resistance to fracture of the specimen i.e. the
characteristics used to determine whether a material
will fail under pressure and are especially important in
any construction process involving ductile materials
loaded with bending forces.
If a material begins to fracture or completely fractures
during a three or four point bend test it is valid to
assume that the material will fail under a similar in any
application, which may lead to catastrophic failure
To find the values of deflections and bending stresses of the
beam (steel) supported and carrying a concentrated load at
the center in the case of simply or fixed supported and at free
end in cantilever supported case
1 - Cantilever beam
2 - Simply Supported Beam
3. Fixed Beam,
Design manually operated pedal powered pump to demonstrate a functional reciprocating pump in rural people of Ethiopia. To facilitate the local people by providing water for various purposes and to optimize the use of natural resources.
Gantry girder
Gantry girder or crane girder hand operated or electrically operated overhead cranes in industrial building such as factories, workshops, steel works, etc. to lift heavy materials, equipment etc. and carry them from one location to other , within the building
The GANTRY GIRDER spans between brackets attached to columns, which may either be of steel or reinforced concrete. Thus the span of gantry girder is equal to centre to centre spacing of columns. The rails are mounted on gantry girders.
Loads acting on gantry girder
Gantry girder, having no lateral support in its length (laterally unsupported) has to withstand the following loads:
1. Vertical loads from crane :
Self weight of crane girder
Hook load
Weight of crab (trolley)
2. Impact load from crane :
As the load is lifted using the crane hook and moved from one place to another, and released at the required place, an impact is felt on the gantry girder.
3. Longitudinal horizontal force (Drag force) :
This is caused due to the starting and stopping of the crane girder moving over the crane rails, as the crane girder moves longitudinally, i.e. in the direction of gantry girder.
This force is also known as braking force, or drag force.
This force is taken equal to 5% of the static wheel loads for EOT or hand operated cranes.
4. Lateral load (Surge load) :
Lateral forces are caused due to sudden starting or stopping of the crab when moving over the crane girder.
Lateral forces are also caused when the crane is dragging weights across the' floor of the shop.
Types of gantry girders
Depending upon the span and crane capacity, there can be many forms of gantry girders. Some commonly used forms are shows in fig .
Rolled steel beams with or without plates, channels or angles are normally used for spans up to 8m and for cranes up to 50kN capacity.
Plate girder are suitable up to span 6 to 10 m.
Plate girder with channels, angles, etc. can be used for spans more than 10m
Box girder are used foe spans more than 12m.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
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R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
1. CASE STUDY ON
DESIGN OF BIALONG ELEVATOR
By – Sumit Salunke
- Neha Shah
- Madhura Mali
- Malhar Sure
- Sneha Ramkrishnan
Guided by – Prof. Venugopal
2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
COMPONENTS OF ELEVATOR
KNOWN DATA’S
STANDARD CHARTS
CALCULATION OF DIAMETER OF THE WIRE ROPE
CALCULATION OF STRESSES INVOLVED
DESIGN OF CAR(ELEVATOR)
3. INTRODUCTION
• The Bailong Elevator (literally Hundred Dragons
Elevator) is a glass elevator built onto the side of a
huge cliff in the Wulingyuan area
of Zhangjiajie, People's Republic of China that is
326 m (1,070 ft) high.
• It is claimed to be the highest and heaviest outdoor
elevator in the world.
• On 16 July 2015, the elevator was officially
recognised by Guinness World Records as the
world’s tallest outdoor lift
4. • An electric lift of the kind we are examining is basically a
passenger car in a sling, to the top of which is attached a set of
wire ropes.
• The ropes pass up the lift well and over a driving pulley called a
'sheave’ on the shaft of a motor and brake unit, then down the well
again to a counterweight, which balances the weight of the car
and sling, together with some &50% of the full rated load.
• Sometimes, the ropes are not fastened directly to the sling or
counterweight, but pass around pulleys attached to them, and are
then fastened at the head of the well.
COMPONENTS OF ELEVATOR
6. Designation of Wire Ropes
The wire ropes are designated by the number of strands and the number of wires in each
strand.
For example, a wire rope having six strands and seven wires in each strand is designated
× 7
rope.
12. CALCULATION OF DIAMETER OF THE WIRE ROPE
From table 20.7, for elevator we can take type 6 x 19 or 8 x 19
Considering 6 x 19 rope type
FOS for elevator is generally 11
Therefore, design load for wire rope = 11 x 48069
= 528759 N
From 20.7 table, tensile strength of 6 x 19 with 1250-1400Mpa is 435d2 (in N) where, d is
rope diameter in mm
Equating tensile strength to design load ,
435d2 = 528759 N
d = 34.86mm = 35mm
From 20.10 for 6 x 19 ,
Wire diameter (dw) = 0.063d
Area of wire rope(A) = 0.38d2
.`. dw = 0.063 x 35 = 2.205mm
And A = 0.38 X 352 = 465.5mm2
13. Various loads on ropes –
• From 20.7 , weight of rope
W = 0.0383d2
= 0.383(35)2
= 46.91 N/m
= 46.91 x 335 N …..(depth = 335m)
= 15717.36 N
• From 20.12 , sheave diameter for wire rope for elevators
Min sheave dia = 20d
Max sheave dia = 30d
But, as it is for large distance and heavy load,
we will take D = 100d
= 100 x 35
= 3500mm
Bending stress, σb = (Er x dw) / D
= ( 84000 x 2.2 ) / 3500
= 52.8 N/mm2
Er = Modulus of elasticity
Dw = Dia of wire
D = Dia of sheave drum
Equivalent bending load on rope Wb = σb x A = 52.8 x 465.5
= 24578.4 N
14. • Acceleration of rope and load a = v / t = 5/120
= 0.046 m/s2
Additional load due to acceleration Wa = (W+w)a / g
= (48069+15717.36)0.046 / 9.81
= 300 N
• Impact load during starting
Wst = 2(W+w) = 2(48069+15717.36)
= 127572.72 N
15. Effective load on rope during normal working = W + w + Wb
= 48069+15717.36+24578.4
= 88364.76N
FoS during normal working = 528759 / 88364.76
= 6
Effective load on rope during starting = Wst + Wb
= 127572.72+24578.4
= 152151.12 N
FoS During starting = 528759 / 152151.12
= 3.7
Effective load on rope during acceleration of load
= W + w + Wb + Wa
= 48069 + 15717.36 + 24578.4 + 300
= 88664.76
FoS during acceleration = 528759 / 88664.76
= 6
Since above FoS as calculated are safe,
.`. wire rope of dia 35mm and 6 x 19 type is satisfactory.
16. STRESSES INVOLVED
1. Direct stress due to axial load lifted and weight of the rope
.
W = Load lifted,
w = Weight of the rope, and
A = Net cross-sectional area of the rope.
direct stress = (W+w) / A
= (48069 + 15717.36 ) / 465.5
= 137.02 N/mm2
17. 2. Bending stress when the rope winds round the sheave or drum.
σb = (Er x dw) / D
= ( 84000 x 2.2 ) / 3500
= 52.8 N/mm2
The bending stress induced depends upon many factors
such as construction of rope, size of wire, type of centre and the amount of restraint in the
grooves.
The approximate value of the bending stress in the wire as proposed by Reuleaux, is
Er = Modulus of elasticity of the wire rope,
dw = Diameter of the wire,
D = Diameter of the sheave or drum
18. 3. Stresses during starting and stopping.
σst = 2(W+w) / A= 2(48069+15717.36) / 465.5
= 274.055 N / mm2
During starting and stopping, the rope and the
supported load are to be accelerated. This induces additional load in the rope
19. 4. Stress due to change in speed.
σa = (W+w)a / gA
= (48069+15717.36)0.046 / (9.81 x 465.5 )
= 0.642 N / mm2
20. 5. Effective stress
• Effective stress in the rope during normal working
= σd + σb = 137.02 + 52.8 = 189.82 N/mm2
• Effective stress in the rope during starting
= σst + σb = 274.055 + 52.8 = 326.855 N/mm2
• and effective stress in the rope during acceleration of the load
= σd + σb + σa =137.02 + 52.8 + 0.642 = 190.462 N/mm2
21. DESIGN OF CAR OF THE ELEVATOR
• The sizes of human occupants fix the car size, in that the car interior must be
at least 2 m high to provide headroom.
• The maximum number of passengers (i.e. the safe number) is sixteen, so the car
floor is not permitted to exceed 2.8 m' and we envisage the car as a box, whose
inside dimensions are 2.2 m high, 2.0 m wide and 1.4 m from front to back.
22. CONCLUSION
• Could successfully calculate the rope diameter required
• Successfully found the type of stresses involved and their magnitude
• Could predict the size of the car required in the elevator
23. REFERENCES
• A Textbook of Machine Design by R.S.Khurmi & J.K. Gupta
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailong_Elevator
• https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-attractions/bailong-elevator.htm
• http://www.industrytap.com/highest-outdoor-elevator-in-the-world-hundred-dragons-elevator/328
