This document provides an overview of bubble deck slabs. It describes bubble deck slabs as a method that virtually eliminates concrete from the middle of floor slabs, replacing it with hollow plastic spheres to reduce weight by 30-50%. This makes construction faster and reduces loads on foundations. Three main types - filigree elements, reinforcement modules, and finished planks - are described. Experimental results show bubble deck slabs have 80% of solid slab shear strength and 5% more deflection, but are 40% lighter. Advantages include reduced material needs, costs, and CO2 emissions. Future uses could include tall buildings, large spans, and parking areas.
This seminar presentation discusses bubble deck slabs. Bubble deck slabs are a type of reinforced concrete slab that uses hollow plastic spheres instead of solid concrete in the center portion. This reduces weight by 50% compared to solid slabs while maintaining 90% of the strength. Other advantages include reduced concrete usage by 10-25%, larger spans, and lower construction costs. The presentation reviews several research papers that studied the load capacity and behavior of bubble deck slabs through experiments and finite element analysis. Most concluded that bubble deck slabs have lower punching shear capacity but similar overall performance to solid slabs.
This is a presentation on the future technology called bubble deck technology. The weight of slab is reduced by large amount albeit it serves nearly same purpose for load and deflection.
introduction
types of hollow slab systems
bubble deck slab??
materials used
types of bubble deck slab
schematic design
structural properties
production and carryout
advantages,disadvantages
applications
The document discusses bubble deck slabs, which are hollow concrete slabs that use plastic spheres to replace ineffective concrete. There are three main types - filigree elements, reinforcement modules, and finished planks. Bubble deck slabs are lighter than traditional slabs, stronger, allow for larger spans, and use less material. They also provide benefits like reduced construction time and costs as well as being more environmentally friendly through lower CO2 emissions.
This document discusses bubble deck slabs, which are reinforced concrete slabs that replace inactive concrete in the center with hollow plastic spheres. Bubble deck slabs offer several advantages over traditional slabs and hollow core slabs, including reduced weight, increased strength, ability to span longer distances, faster construction time, and reduced material usage. Experimental studies showed bubble deck slabs have 80% of the shear strength and the same deflections as solid deck slabs, but weigh 40% less. The slabs also offer benefits for construction, engineering, the environment, and economics. The first high-rise building to use bubble deck slabs was the 131m tall Millennium Tower in Rotterdam.
This document discusses bubble deck slabs, which are biaxial voided concrete slabs that use hollow plastic spheres to replace inactive concrete in the center. Bubble deck slabs provide structural advantages like less weight, increased strength, and the ability to span longer distances without needing beams. Experimental studies show bubble deck slabs have similar shear strength and deflections to solid slabs but are 40% lighter. They provide construction, engineering, environmental, and economic benefits. The first high-rise building constructed with bubble deck slabs was the 131m tall Millennium Tower in Rotterdam. Bubble deck slabs may become more widely used for constructing skyscrapers and other structures in the future.
This document provides an overview of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC). It discusses what concrete and fiber reinforced concrete are, as well as the history and types of fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fiber concrete is described as a composite material made of sand, cement, polymer, water, glass fibers and other admixtures. The document outlines the properties, applications, advantages and structural characteristics of GFRC. It concludes that GFRC provides benefits like high strength, crack resistance, impact resistance and durability compared to conventional concrete.
This seminar presentation discusses bubble deck slabs. Bubble deck slabs are a type of reinforced concrete slab that uses hollow plastic spheres instead of solid concrete in the center portion. This reduces weight by 50% compared to solid slabs while maintaining 90% of the strength. Other advantages include reduced concrete usage by 10-25%, larger spans, and lower construction costs. The presentation reviews several research papers that studied the load capacity and behavior of bubble deck slabs through experiments and finite element analysis. Most concluded that bubble deck slabs have lower punching shear capacity but similar overall performance to solid slabs.
This is a presentation on the future technology called bubble deck technology. The weight of slab is reduced by large amount albeit it serves nearly same purpose for load and deflection.
introduction
types of hollow slab systems
bubble deck slab??
materials used
types of bubble deck slab
schematic design
structural properties
production and carryout
advantages,disadvantages
applications
The document discusses bubble deck slabs, which are hollow concrete slabs that use plastic spheres to replace ineffective concrete. There are three main types - filigree elements, reinforcement modules, and finished planks. Bubble deck slabs are lighter than traditional slabs, stronger, allow for larger spans, and use less material. They also provide benefits like reduced construction time and costs as well as being more environmentally friendly through lower CO2 emissions.
This document discusses bubble deck slabs, which are reinforced concrete slabs that replace inactive concrete in the center with hollow plastic spheres. Bubble deck slabs offer several advantages over traditional slabs and hollow core slabs, including reduced weight, increased strength, ability to span longer distances, faster construction time, and reduced material usage. Experimental studies showed bubble deck slabs have 80% of the shear strength and the same deflections as solid deck slabs, but weigh 40% less. The slabs also offer benefits for construction, engineering, the environment, and economics. The first high-rise building to use bubble deck slabs was the 131m tall Millennium Tower in Rotterdam.
This document discusses bubble deck slabs, which are biaxial voided concrete slabs that use hollow plastic spheres to replace inactive concrete in the center. Bubble deck slabs provide structural advantages like less weight, increased strength, and the ability to span longer distances without needing beams. Experimental studies show bubble deck slabs have similar shear strength and deflections to solid slabs but are 40% lighter. They provide construction, engineering, environmental, and economic benefits. The first high-rise building constructed with bubble deck slabs was the 131m tall Millennium Tower in Rotterdam. Bubble deck slabs may become more widely used for constructing skyscrapers and other structures in the future.
This document provides an overview of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC). It discusses what concrete and fiber reinforced concrete are, as well as the history and types of fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fiber concrete is described as a composite material made of sand, cement, polymer, water, glass fibers and other admixtures. The document outlines the properties, applications, advantages and structural characteristics of GFRC. It concludes that GFRC provides benefits like high strength, crack resistance, impact resistance and durability compared to conventional concrete.
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings. Horizontal slabs of steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving. Sometimes these thinner slabs, ranging from 2 inches (51 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm) thick, are called mud slabs, particularly when used under the main floor slabs[1] or in crawl spaces.[2]
In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or directly on the subsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. These can either be "ground-bearing" or "suspended" slabs. The slab is "ground-bearing" if it rests directly on the foundation, otherwise the slab is "suspended".[3] For double-storey or multi-storey buildings, the use of a few common types of concrete suspended slabs are used (for more types refer to the Concrete Slab#Design section below):
Beam and block also referred to as Rib and Block, are mostly used in residential and industrial applications. This slab type is made up of pre-stressed beams and hollow blocks and are temporarily propped until set, typically after 21 days.
A Hollow core slab which are precast and installed on site with a crane.
In high rise buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung between the steel frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level. Cast in-situ slabs are used in high rise buildings and huge shopping complexes as well as houses. These in-situ slabs are cast on site using shutters and reinforced steel.
This document discusses quality control and durability factors in concrete. It defines quality as conformance to requirements and durability as a concrete's ability to resist deterioration when exposed to the environment. Several factors influence concrete durability, including the materials used, water-cement ratio, compaction, curing and the physical and chemical conditions of the service environment. Common durability issues include corrosion, cracking from sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, and carbonation reducing alkalinity. Proper quality control of materials and construction processes is needed to produce durable concrete.
Lightweight concrete has a lower density than normal concrete, ranging from 300-1850 kg/m3. There are three main types: lightweight aggregate concrete uses expanded aggregates; aerated concrete is produced by incorporating air bubbles; and no-fines concrete omits fine aggregates. Lightweight concrete provides benefits like improved thermal insulation, soundproofing, and fire resistance compared to normal concrete.
This document provides an overview of bubble deck slabs. It begins by defining a bubble deck slab as a method of reducing the weight of floor slabs by replacing concrete in the middle with hollow plastic spheres. This reduces the slab's weight by 30-50%. Bubble deck slabs have three main benefits - reduced material costs, faster construction times, and lower environmental impact from reduced concrete usage. The document then discusses the different types of bubble deck slabs, examples of projects using them, and their structural properties like strength, deflection, vibration resistance and fire resistance. It concludes that bubble deck slabs provide weight reduction and environmental benefits compared to conventional slabs.
This document presents information on bubble deck slabs. It discusses the materials used, construction process, effects, advantages, experimental studies that have been done, the scope of future uses, and concludes that bubble deck slabs may become the future of slab construction as they contribute significantly to sustainable development. The key advantages are that bubble deck slabs are lighter in weight, stronger, allow for longer spans with fewer columns or beams needed, use less material and energy in construction, and can be prefabricated or cast on site.
This document provides an overview of bendable concrete, also known as engineered cementitious composite (ECC). It discusses the development, composition, types, properties, applications, and conclusions regarding ECC. ECC is a mortar-based composite reinforced with short polymer fibers that provides much higher ductility than ordinary Portland cement, with a strain capacity of 3-7% compared to 0.01% for OPC. It uses a low volume of polyvinyl alcohol fibers and has proven to be 50 times more flexible and 40 times lighter than traditional concrete. Applications of ECC include repair of dams and use in seismic-resistant structures like bridges and skyscrapers due to its excellent energy absorption.
This document is a study on recycled aggregate concrete conducted by Neelanjan Sarkar from Murshidabad College of Engineering & Technology. It discusses what recycled aggregate concrete is, its characteristics, classification, production process, uses, applications, and benefits. Recycled aggregate concrete is produced using crushed waste concrete as a substitute for natural aggregates. It has properties like lower strength, density and higher water absorption compared to normal concrete. However, using recycled materials reduces waste and saves on costs and natural resource usage, making it a more sustainable construction material.
The document discusses geopolymer concrete as an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. It defines geopolymer concrete as a material made through a chemical reaction of aluminosilicate materials like fly ash or slag with an alkaline solution. This reaction forms a three-dimensional polymeric chain and network. In contrast to Portland cement, water is not involved in the chemical reaction and curing of geopolymer concrete. The document outlines the constituents, properties, applications and limitations of geopolymer concrete. It notes the potential for geopolymer concrete to provide environmental benefits over traditional concrete.
This seminar presentation discussed bubble deck slabs, which are hollow core slabs invented in Denmark that reduce structural dead weight by replacing ineffective concrete in the slab center with hollow spheres. The presentation covered the principle, materials, types, methodology, literature review analyzing load capacity and weight reduction, applications, advantages like reduced material usage and longer spans, and disadvantages like limited thickness and lower punching capacity. Finite element analysis using ANSYS showed bubble deck slabs experience similar deflection and cracks as solid slabs while removing up to 30% of the weight.
The document discusses various types of chemical admixtures used for concrete, including plasticizers, superplasticizers, retarders, accelerators, and air-entraining admixtures. It explains that admixtures can modify the properties of fresh and hardened concrete by altering workability, strength development, permeability, and durability. Superplasticizers in particular are highlighted as they can significantly reduce water content and increase workability and strength. The document concludes that superplasticizers and air-entraining admixtures are most commonly used, and that superplasticizers allow for reduced cement and increased construction of large structures.
Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called Strain Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) or more popularly as bendable concrete, is an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random fibers, usually polymer fibers. Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a strain capacity in the range of 3–7%, compared to 0.01% for ordinary portland cement (OPC ...
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Concrete is a composite material used widely in construction that consists of cement, water, aggregates, and chemical or mineral admixtures. Recent advances in concrete technology include high-performance concrete, ultra-high performance concrete, geopolymer concrete, and green concrete. Green concrete aims to reduce the environmental impact of concrete by using less energy and recycled materials like fly ash and slag, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production by up to 30% while maintaining or improving concrete properties.
This document discusses column jacketing, which is a method of retrofitting and strengthening existing columns. It involves adding reinforced concrete, steel, or fiber-reinforced polymer around the column. The key steps are preparing the column surface, adding shear keys and reinforcement, applying a bonding agent, and casting the new concrete or installing the jacket. Column jacketing increases the strength and seismic capacity of the column. It improves confinement and increases axial, shear, and foundation load capacity without significant weight addition.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on nano concrete. It introduces nanotechnology and how it can improve concrete properties when nano particles are added. Specific nano materials discussed that are used in concrete include carbon nanotubes, nano-silica, and polycarboxylates. The results shown include increased compression strength up to 90MPa in 28 days. The advantages listed are higher strength concrete that uses less additives and cement. Disadvantages include limited availability and means to produce nano materials currently. In conclusion, well dispersed nano particles can increase concrete viscosity, strength, and bond between cement and aggregates.
This document discusses structural lightweight concrete. It begins by defining lightweight concrete and noting its lighter weight compared to conventional concrete. It then discusses properties like compressive strength and water absorption tested at different densities, foam percentages, and water-cement ratios. Applications include construction, vessels, and roof decks. Advantages include reduced weight and transportation costs, while disadvantages include sensitivity to water and difficulty in placement. A case study examines the Wellington Stadium project in New Zealand, where lightweight concrete allowed rapid construction in a seismic area with poor foundation conditions.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
High density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete.shebina a
Â
The document discusses high density concrete, its components, types of aggregates used, admixtures, applications, advantages and disadvantages. High density concrete has a density over 2600 kg/m3 and offers greater strength than regular concrete. Its main components are cement, water, aggregates and admixtures. Natural aggregates come from iron ores while man-made aggregates include iron shots, chilcon and synthetic aggregates. Admixtures like water reducers are used to increase workability and reduce cement and water requirements. High density concrete has applications in radiation shielding, precast blocks, bridges and more due to its high strength and durability.
Corrosion Assessment – Half-Cell Potential Method for reinforced concreteYash Shah
Â
This document discusses the half-cell potential method for assessing corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. It covers the passive layer on steel reinforcement, how the half-cell potential apparatus works, factors that influence readings, and how to interpret results. A case study examines measurements on a prestressed concrete bridge near the coast and finds that while some readings were above corrosion thresholds, the overall gradient indicated low corrosion risk when considering multiple factors. Precise measurement location and accounting for temperature and moisture are important.
The document discusses various topics related to concrete structures including:
- Concrete is the second most used construction material after water due to its durability and ability to be molded into different shapes. Reinforcement is added to concrete to improve tensile strength.
- Types of cement used in concrete structures including Type K and Type M cement.
- Reinforced concrete uses steel reinforcement bars to improve tensile strength. Prestressed concrete applies stress before external loads to increase load capacity.
- Advantages of concrete structures include availability/cost of materials and ability to take compressive/bending forces. Disadvantages include cracking from shrinkage and weakness in tension.
- Concrete creep is a permanent deformation over time under load. Cre
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings. Horizontal slabs of steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving. Sometimes these thinner slabs, ranging from 2 inches (51 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm) thick, are called mud slabs, particularly when used under the main floor slabs[1] or in crawl spaces.[2]
In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or directly on the subsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. These can either be "ground-bearing" or "suspended" slabs. The slab is "ground-bearing" if it rests directly on the foundation, otherwise the slab is "suspended".[3] For double-storey or multi-storey buildings, the use of a few common types of concrete suspended slabs are used (for more types refer to the Concrete Slab#Design section below):
Beam and block also referred to as Rib and Block, are mostly used in residential and industrial applications. This slab type is made up of pre-stressed beams and hollow blocks and are temporarily propped until set, typically after 21 days.
A Hollow core slab which are precast and installed on site with a crane.
In high rise buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung between the steel frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level. Cast in-situ slabs are used in high rise buildings and huge shopping complexes as well as houses. These in-situ slabs are cast on site using shutters and reinforced steel.
This document discusses quality control and durability factors in concrete. It defines quality as conformance to requirements and durability as a concrete's ability to resist deterioration when exposed to the environment. Several factors influence concrete durability, including the materials used, water-cement ratio, compaction, curing and the physical and chemical conditions of the service environment. Common durability issues include corrosion, cracking from sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, and carbonation reducing alkalinity. Proper quality control of materials and construction processes is needed to produce durable concrete.
Lightweight concrete has a lower density than normal concrete, ranging from 300-1850 kg/m3. There are three main types: lightweight aggregate concrete uses expanded aggregates; aerated concrete is produced by incorporating air bubbles; and no-fines concrete omits fine aggregates. Lightweight concrete provides benefits like improved thermal insulation, soundproofing, and fire resistance compared to normal concrete.
This document provides an overview of bubble deck slabs. It begins by defining a bubble deck slab as a method of reducing the weight of floor slabs by replacing concrete in the middle with hollow plastic spheres. This reduces the slab's weight by 30-50%. Bubble deck slabs have three main benefits - reduced material costs, faster construction times, and lower environmental impact from reduced concrete usage. The document then discusses the different types of bubble deck slabs, examples of projects using them, and their structural properties like strength, deflection, vibration resistance and fire resistance. It concludes that bubble deck slabs provide weight reduction and environmental benefits compared to conventional slabs.
This document presents information on bubble deck slabs. It discusses the materials used, construction process, effects, advantages, experimental studies that have been done, the scope of future uses, and concludes that bubble deck slabs may become the future of slab construction as they contribute significantly to sustainable development. The key advantages are that bubble deck slabs are lighter in weight, stronger, allow for longer spans with fewer columns or beams needed, use less material and energy in construction, and can be prefabricated or cast on site.
This document provides an overview of bendable concrete, also known as engineered cementitious composite (ECC). It discusses the development, composition, types, properties, applications, and conclusions regarding ECC. ECC is a mortar-based composite reinforced with short polymer fibers that provides much higher ductility than ordinary Portland cement, with a strain capacity of 3-7% compared to 0.01% for OPC. It uses a low volume of polyvinyl alcohol fibers and has proven to be 50 times more flexible and 40 times lighter than traditional concrete. Applications of ECC include repair of dams and use in seismic-resistant structures like bridges and skyscrapers due to its excellent energy absorption.
This document is a study on recycled aggregate concrete conducted by Neelanjan Sarkar from Murshidabad College of Engineering & Technology. It discusses what recycled aggregate concrete is, its characteristics, classification, production process, uses, applications, and benefits. Recycled aggregate concrete is produced using crushed waste concrete as a substitute for natural aggregates. It has properties like lower strength, density and higher water absorption compared to normal concrete. However, using recycled materials reduces waste and saves on costs and natural resource usage, making it a more sustainable construction material.
The document discusses geopolymer concrete as an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. It defines geopolymer concrete as a material made through a chemical reaction of aluminosilicate materials like fly ash or slag with an alkaline solution. This reaction forms a three-dimensional polymeric chain and network. In contrast to Portland cement, water is not involved in the chemical reaction and curing of geopolymer concrete. The document outlines the constituents, properties, applications and limitations of geopolymer concrete. It notes the potential for geopolymer concrete to provide environmental benefits over traditional concrete.
This seminar presentation discussed bubble deck slabs, which are hollow core slabs invented in Denmark that reduce structural dead weight by replacing ineffective concrete in the slab center with hollow spheres. The presentation covered the principle, materials, types, methodology, literature review analyzing load capacity and weight reduction, applications, advantages like reduced material usage and longer spans, and disadvantages like limited thickness and lower punching capacity. Finite element analysis using ANSYS showed bubble deck slabs experience similar deflection and cracks as solid slabs while removing up to 30% of the weight.
The document discusses various types of chemical admixtures used for concrete, including plasticizers, superplasticizers, retarders, accelerators, and air-entraining admixtures. It explains that admixtures can modify the properties of fresh and hardened concrete by altering workability, strength development, permeability, and durability. Superplasticizers in particular are highlighted as they can significantly reduce water content and increase workability and strength. The document concludes that superplasticizers and air-entraining admixtures are most commonly used, and that superplasticizers allow for reduced cement and increased construction of large structures.
Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called Strain Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) or more popularly as bendable concrete, is an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random fibers, usually polymer fibers. Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a strain capacity in the range of 3–7%, compared to 0.01% for ordinary portland cement (OPC ...
bendable concrete pdf
bendable concrete ppt
flexible bendable material
flexible concrete mix
engineered cementitious composites
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bendable construction materials
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
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Concrete is a composite material used widely in construction that consists of cement, water, aggregates, and chemical or mineral admixtures. Recent advances in concrete technology include high-performance concrete, ultra-high performance concrete, geopolymer concrete, and green concrete. Green concrete aims to reduce the environmental impact of concrete by using less energy and recycled materials like fly ash and slag, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production by up to 30% while maintaining or improving concrete properties.
This document discusses column jacketing, which is a method of retrofitting and strengthening existing columns. It involves adding reinforced concrete, steel, or fiber-reinforced polymer around the column. The key steps are preparing the column surface, adding shear keys and reinforcement, applying a bonding agent, and casting the new concrete or installing the jacket. Column jacketing increases the strength and seismic capacity of the column. It improves confinement and increases axial, shear, and foundation load capacity without significant weight addition.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on nano concrete. It introduces nanotechnology and how it can improve concrete properties when nano particles are added. Specific nano materials discussed that are used in concrete include carbon nanotubes, nano-silica, and polycarboxylates. The results shown include increased compression strength up to 90MPa in 28 days. The advantages listed are higher strength concrete that uses less additives and cement. Disadvantages include limited availability and means to produce nano materials currently. In conclusion, well dispersed nano particles can increase concrete viscosity, strength, and bond between cement and aggregates.
This document discusses structural lightweight concrete. It begins by defining lightweight concrete and noting its lighter weight compared to conventional concrete. It then discusses properties like compressive strength and water absorption tested at different densities, foam percentages, and water-cement ratios. Applications include construction, vessels, and roof decks. Advantages include reduced weight and transportation costs, while disadvantages include sensitivity to water and difficulty in placement. A case study examines the Wellington Stadium project in New Zealand, where lightweight concrete allowed rapid construction in a seismic area with poor foundation conditions.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
High density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete.shebina a
Â
The document discusses high density concrete, its components, types of aggregates used, admixtures, applications, advantages and disadvantages. High density concrete has a density over 2600 kg/m3 and offers greater strength than regular concrete. Its main components are cement, water, aggregates and admixtures. Natural aggregates come from iron ores while man-made aggregates include iron shots, chilcon and synthetic aggregates. Admixtures like water reducers are used to increase workability and reduce cement and water requirements. High density concrete has applications in radiation shielding, precast blocks, bridges and more due to its high strength and durability.
Corrosion Assessment – Half-Cell Potential Method for reinforced concreteYash Shah
Â
This document discusses the half-cell potential method for assessing corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. It covers the passive layer on steel reinforcement, how the half-cell potential apparatus works, factors that influence readings, and how to interpret results. A case study examines measurements on a prestressed concrete bridge near the coast and finds that while some readings were above corrosion thresholds, the overall gradient indicated low corrosion risk when considering multiple factors. Precise measurement location and accounting for temperature and moisture are important.
The document discusses various topics related to concrete structures including:
- Concrete is the second most used construction material after water due to its durability and ability to be molded into different shapes. Reinforcement is added to concrete to improve tensile strength.
- Types of cement used in concrete structures including Type K and Type M cement.
- Reinforced concrete uses steel reinforcement bars to improve tensile strength. Prestressed concrete applies stress before external loads to increase load capacity.
- Advantages of concrete structures include availability/cost of materials and ability to take compressive/bending forces. Disadvantages include cracking from shrinkage and weakness in tension.
- Concrete creep is a permanent deformation over time under load. Cre
Here is the table explaining the types of materials available for formwork:
Material | Suitability | Advantages | Disadvantages | Cost
-|-|-|-|-
Timber | Suitable for all types of formwork including beams, columns, slabs and foundations. Commonly used material. | Readily available. Easy to work with using basic carpentry tools. Can be reused multiple times if properly maintained. | Requires more maintenance between uses. Subject to damage. Absorbs water reducing quality of concrete surface. More combustible. | Low cost.
Plywood | Suitable for slab formwork and walls. | Strong and durable. Provides smooth concrete finish. Water resistant. | Heavier than timber. Requires proper support
The document summarizes Bubble Deck slab, a biaxial voided concrete slab that replaces inactive concrete in the center with high density plastic spheres. This reduces the slab weight by 30-50% compared to a solid slab while maintaining equal stiffness. Bubble Deck slabs allow for longer spans between columns and reduced foundation loads. Key benefits include material savings, faster construction, reduced CO2 emissions, and increased structural strength and flexibility. The document outlines the materials, advantages, experimental studies, and future applications of Bubble Deck slabs.
This document discusses the behavior of composite slabs with profiled steel decking. It presents information on:
1) Composite slabs that use profiled steel sheets as permanent formwork and tensile reinforcement, allowing for 30% reduced concrete and lower structural weight.
2) The profiled steel decking used which is thin-walled, cold-formed sheets meeting ASTM and IS standards with a galvanized coating.
3) Three slabs - plain concrete, bar reinforced, and steel fiber reinforced - were tested for negative bending capacity, with the fiber reinforced slab showing over a 2.5x increase in load capacity compared to plain concrete.
Formwork Presentation for Construction TechnologyI'mMiss Lily
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1. Formwork refers to the temporary structure used to support wet concrete until it is cured and can support itself. Common materials used include wood, steel, aluminum, plastic and plywood.
2. A good formwork must be water tight, strong, and reusable while also considering factors like quality, safety, and economy. It must be able to withstand loads, retain its shape, and be removed without damaging the concrete.
3. Different types of formworks are used for columns, beams, slabs, and other structural elements. Column formwork typically consists of side and end planks joined by yokes and bolts. Beam formworks use thick timber or plywood and are supported by props.
Hi readers, this time we talked about concrete but shortly, enough information to understand about concrete block. Here we compare to brick in some point. But if you want full information about concrete block you can read this report from this link👇
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/AliRizgar/concret-block-full-information
Formwork is used as a temporary mold for pouring concrete that will harden into the desired structural shape. There are various types of formwork classified by material (timber, plywood, steel, aluminum, plastic, magnesium) or purpose (slab formwork, beam formwork, column formwork). Proper formwork design is important to withstand loads, retain shape, prevent leakage, and allow removal without damage to concrete. The order and method of removing formwork is also important for safety.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
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Special Concrete And Concreting MethodRutvij Patel
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This document discusses various types of special concretes including lightweight concrete, high density concrete, mass concrete, plum concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, polymer concrete, ferrocement, high strength concrete, high performance concrete, precast concrete, and fly ash concrete. It describes the materials and properties of each type of concrete and their applications in construction.
The document discusses several alternate wall technologies:
- Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panels (GFRG) which are strong load-bearing panels made of gypsum reinforced with glass fiber. They provide more floor space and lower construction costs than conventional methods.
- Concrete Insulated Walls which use insulating concrete forms that are filled with concrete to create strong, energy efficient walls.
- Ferrocement walls which are a type of thin reinforced concrete wall reinforced with layers of wire mesh and rebar that saves on materials.
- Straw bale walls which provide excellent insulation using straw bales stacked and plastered over for a renewable and low-impact building material.
- Rammed earth walls constructed by compact
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block is a building material made of Portland cement, fine aggregates (fly ash or sand), water and an expansion agent in an autoclaving process heated under pressure which results in the production of air voids in the material, making it less dense, easy to cut/mould and better insulating
This document provides information about epoxy flooring. It begins by defining epoxy as a durable material made from mixing chemical compounds. Epoxy flooring involves applying an epoxy coating to concrete floors to provide a smooth, protective surface. The coating consists of resins and hardeners with additives to control properties like abrasion resistance and curing time. Epoxy floors are commonly used in industrial and commercial settings due to their durability and ability to withstand impacts, chemicals, and heavy loads. Different types of epoxy floors and their applications are described, along with the installation process and advantages like easy cleaning and slip resistance. Potential disadvantages like toxic fumes during curing and high installation costs are
The document discusses cement concrete, including its composition, properties, types, and testing methods. Cement concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, crushed rock, and water that hardens over time. It has high compressive strength but is weak in tension, so reinforcement is often added. Types include plain, reinforced, pre-stressed, lightweight, no-fines, and fiber-reinforced concrete. Workability is tested via slump and compaction factor tests, while compressive strength is determined through crushing tests. The document provides details on the composition, production, and applications of various concrete types.
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Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
2. contents
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Type of bubble decks
• Example of projects
• Effect
• Materials
• Why bubble deck slab
• Shear
• Bending strength
• Durability
• Deflection
• Vibration
• Fire resistance
• advantages
• Experimentation and results
• Scope of future use
• Conclusions
• reference
3. Abstract
Bubble deck slab is a method of virtually eliminating all
concrete from the middle of a floor slab, which is not
performing any structural function, thereby dramatically
reducing structural dead weight.
4. • High density polyethylene hollow spheres replace the in-
effective concrete in the centre of the slab, thus decreasing the
dead weight and increasing the efficiency of the floor.
• By introducing the gaps leads to a 30 to 50% lighter slab which
reduces the loads on the columns, walls and foundations, and of
course of the entire building.
• The advantages are less energy consumption - both in
production, transport and carrying out, less emission - exhaust
gases from production and transport, especially Co2.
5. INTRODUCTION
• BUBBLE deck slab is a biaxial hollow core slab invented in
Denmark. It is a method of virtually eliminating all concrete from
the middle of a floor slab not performing any structural function
thereby dramatically reducing structural dead weight.
• Bubble deck slab is based on a new patented technique which
involves the direct way of linking air and steel.
• Void forms in the middle of a flat slab by means of plastic spheres
eliminate 30%-50%of a slab's self-weight removing constraints of
high dead loads and short spans Its flexible layout easily adapts to
irregular and curved plan configurations.
• The system allows for the realization of longer spans, more rapid
and less expensive erection, as well as the elimination of down-stand
beams.
• The Bubble deck slab floor system can be used for storey floors,
roof floors and ground floor slabs.
6. • Since the weight of the structure reduced, this type of
structure can useful to reduce earthquake damage.
• Bubble deck slab is composed of three main materials
they are steel, plastic spheres and concrete.
• 1) Concrete :The concrete is made of standard Portland
cement with max aggregate size of 20mm.No
plasticizers are necessary for concrete mixture.
• 2) Steel :The steel reinforcement is of grade Fy60
strength or higher. The steel is fabricated in two forms -
meshed layers for lateral support and diagonal girders
for vertical support of the bubbles.
• 3) Plastic spheres :The hollow spheres are made from
recycled high-density polyethylene or HDPE.
7. Types of Bubble Deck
Type A- Filigree Elements
Type B- Reinforcement Modules
Type C- Finished Planks
Type-A is a combination of constructed and unconstructed elements. A 60 mm thick
concrete layer that acts as both the formwork and part of the finished depth is precast
and brought on site with the bubbles and steel reinforcement unattached.
The bubbles are then supported by temporary stands on top of the precast layer and
held in place by a honeycomb of interconnected steel mesh.
Additional steel may be inserted according to the reinforcement requirements of the
design. The full depth of the slab is reached by common concreting techniques and
finished as necessary.
Type A:- Filigree Elements
8. Type B:-Reinforcement Modules
• A reinforcement module one which consists of a pre-assembled
sandwich of steel mesh and plastic bubbles, or "bubble lattice“.
• These components are brought to the site, laid on traditional
formwork, connected with any additional reinforcement, and then
concreted in place by traditional methods.
9. Type C:- Finished Planks
• Is a shop-fabricated module that includes the plastic spheres,
reinforcement mesh and concrete in its finished form.
• The module is manufactured to the final depth in the form of a plank
and is delivered on site.
• Requires the use of support beams or load bearing walls. This class
of Bubble Deck is best for shorter spans and limited construction
schedules.
10. • The first high rise building erected with Bubble Deck filigree elements and
the second highest building in Netherlands, 34 stories and 131 meter high.
• Bubble Deck was chosen, in spite of being a completely new product,
because of its advantages in cost , construction time and flexibility and
because of environmental issues. Beams could be excluded resulting in two
more stories than planned in the beginning for the same building height.
Built in 1998-2000.
Examples of Project
Millenium Tower Rotterdam
11. Effect• The basic effect of the bubbles is the weight reduction of the deck. The dead load of the
Bubble Deck is 1/3 lesser than a solid deck with the same thickness – and that without
effecting the bending strength and the deflection behavior of the deck.
12. MATERIALS STEEL –The steel
reinforcement is of MS or
HYSD can be used.
PLASTIC
SPHERES
•hollow spheres made
from recycled high density
polyethylene.
• Enough strength &
rigidity.
• Not porous.
• Doesn’t react
chemically with
concrete or steel.
CONCRETE-the concrete is made of
standard Portland cement with max
aggregate size of
¾ inch.
13. WHY BUBBLE DECK SLAB ?
No compromise for strength&
serviceability
Flat slab technology
(no need of beams )
Longer spans
Pre fabricated
&
cast in-situ
14. Shear
• The main difference between a solid slab and a voided biaxial slab refers to
shear resistance. Due to the reduced concrete volume, the shear resistance
will also be reduced.
• Near the columns, bubbles are left out so in these zones a Bubble deck slab
is designed exactly the same way as a solid slab. Shear resistance of Bubble
deck slab is 0.6 times the shear resistance of a solid slab of the same
thickness .
• In practice, the reduced shear resistance will not lead to problems, as balls
are simply left out where the shear is high, at columns and walls.
15. Bending strength
• Bubble Deck when compared to a solid deck, both
practically and theoretically.
• The results in the table below shows that for the
same deck thickness, the bending strength is same
for Bubble Deck and for a solid deck and that the
stiffness of the Bubble Deck is slightly lower.
• Bending stresses in the Bubble Deck slab are
found to be 6.43% lesser than that of solid slab.
16. • The ultimate load value obtaining bending tests were
upto 90% greater than the ultimate load value. The
bottom reinforcement steel and the top compressive
portion of stress block contributes to flexural stiffness
in the bending.
17. Durability
• The durability of bubble deck slab is not fundamentally different
from ordinary solid slabs.
• Bubble deck slab joints have a chamfer on the inside to ensure that
concrete surrounds each bar and does not allow a direct route to air
from the rebar surface. This is primarily a function of the fire
resistance but is also relevant to durability.
• Cracking in Bubble deck slab is not worse, and probably better, than
solid slabs designed to work at the same stress levels.
• Bubble deck slab possesses a continuous mesh, top and bottom,
throughout the slab and this ensures shrinkage restraint is well
provided for and that cracking is kept to a minimum .
18. Deflection
• Deflection of Bubble Deck is 5.88% more than
solid slab as the stiffness is reduced due to the
hollow portion.
• Strengthened Bubble Deck has low deflection
compare to un strengthened Bubble Deck slab.
• Conventional slab carried the stress of about
30.98 MPa by applying the udl load of about 340
kN and causes deflection of 12.822 mm.
• The Bubble Deck slab carried the stress of about
30.8 MPa by applying the udl load of about 320
kN and causes deflection of 14.303mm.
19. • The Bubble Deck slab can withstand 80% of
stress when compared with conventional slab.
• Slide variation occurs in the deformation when
compared to conventional slab.
20. Vibration
• RC slab structures are generally less susceptible to vibration
problems compared to steel framed and light weight skeletal
Structures, especially using thin slabs.
• However, Bubble deck slab is light and is not immune from
vibration in all cases so this must be checked just as it should be in
appropriate solid slab applications.
• The most effective weapons against vibration particularly resonant
vibration, are stiffness and damping.
• If we consider damping to be similar to solid slabs, and concentrate
on stiffness, we may observe that a Bubble deck slab can provided
over 2 times the stiffness obtained from a solid slab for the same
quantity of concrete used.
21. Fire resistance
• The fire resistance of the slab is a complex matter but is
chiefly dependent on the ability of the steel to retain sufficient
strength during a fire when it will be heated and lose
significant strength as the temperature rises.
• The temperature of the steel is controlled by the fire and the
insulation of the steel from the fire.
• In an intense, prolonged fire, the ball would melt and
eventually char without significant or detectable effect
• Fire resistance depends on concrete cover nearly 60-180
minutes.
• Smoke Resistance is about 1.5 times the fire resistance.
• Balls simply carbonize. No toxic gasses will be released.
22. Advantages
• Structural
• Less weight.
• Increased strength.
• No need of beams.
• Only few columns required.
• Larger span.
• Free choice of Shape.
• Less foundation depth.
• Less excavation required.
15 M
23. • Construction
• Light in weight less equipment is required.
• Easy incorporation of ducts and pipes into slab.
• Less work on construction site.
• Engineering
• The biaxial flat slab system and columns are ideal for
structures with high resistance against Explosions.
• These slabs and column system acts as an elastic
membrane which transfer horizontal forces to stiff
vertical structures which is used for Earthquake
resistant designs.
24. • Environment
• Less material and energy consumption.
• Reducing Co2 emission up to 40 kg/m2.
• 1kg of plastic replaces 100kg of concrete.
• Every component can be recycled.
• Economy
• Savings in materials.
• Transportation costs reduced.
• Faster construction time.
• Buildings can be more flexible and easy in installations.
25. Experimental studies
1.Shear strength- 80% of solid deck slab
2.Deflections - 5% more as solid deck
3.Weight - 40% less than a solid slab
4.Fire resistance - 65% of solid slab
26. Scope of future use
• Used for constructing all types of building
especially sky scrapers.
• Best for larger span halls like theatres and
auditoriums.
• Pedestrian bridge decks.
• Used in parking areas as less number of
columns are required.
27. Conclusion
• Weight reduction is 50% compared to solid.
• The bubble deck technology is environmentally green
and sustainable; avoiding the cement production allows
reducing global Co2 emissions.
• In comparative of conventional slab the volume of
concrete in bubble deck (continuous) are less required,
that is 25% approximate.
• Cost and time saving by using bubbles in the slab like
weight of slab, concrete volume indirectly load on the
beam and walls also decrease/ less so that building
foundations can be designed for smaller dead loads.
28. REFERENCES
• [I] Tina Lai "Structural behavior of bubble deck slab and their
applications to lightweight bridge decks" ,M.Tech thesis, MIT, 2009.
• Arati Shetkarand & Nagesh Hanche an Experimental Study On
bubble deck slab system with elliptical balls, NCRIET-2015
&Indian J.Sci.Res. 12(1):021-027, 2015
• [3] Martina Schnellenbach-Held and Karsten Pfeffer,"Punching
behavior of biaxial hollow slabs" Cement and Concrete Composites,
Volume 24, Issue 6, Pages 551-556, December 2002
• [4] Sergiu Calin, Roxana Glntu and Gabriela Dascalu, "Summary of
tests and studies done abroad on the Bubble deck slab system", The
Buletinul Institutului Politehnic din LV (LIX), f. 3, 2009