This is a presentation on the future technology called bubble deck technology. The weight of slab is reduced by large amount albeit it serves nearly same purpose for load and deflection.
introduction
types of hollow slab systems
bubble deck slab??
materials used
types of bubble deck slab
schematic design
structural properties
production and carryout
advantages,disadvantages
applications
Bubble deck slab is a method of virtually eliminating all concrete from the middle of a floor slab, which is not performing any structural function, thereby dramatically reducing structural dead weight. High density polyethylene hollow spheres replace the in-effective concrete in the centre of the slab, thus decreasing the dead weight and increasing the efficiency of the floor. By introducing the gaps leads to a 30 To 50% lighter slab which reduces the loads on the columns, walls and foundations, and of course of the entire building.
The advantages are less energy consumption - both in production, transport and carrying out, less emission - exhaust gases from production and transport, especially CO2 .
introduction
types of hollow slab systems
bubble deck slab??
materials used
types of bubble deck slab
schematic design
structural properties
production and carryout
advantages,disadvantages
applications
Bubble deck slab is a method of virtually eliminating all concrete from the middle of a floor slab, which is not performing any structural function, thereby dramatically reducing structural dead weight. High density polyethylene hollow spheres replace the in-effective concrete in the centre of the slab, thus decreasing the dead weight and increasing the efficiency of the floor. By introducing the gaps leads to a 30 To 50% lighter slab which reduces the loads on the columns, walls and foundations, and of course of the entire building.
The advantages are less energy consumption - both in production, transport and carrying out, less emission - exhaust gases from production and transport, especially CO2 .
Bubble deck Technology is the innovative system that eliminates Concrete in the mid section, secondary supporting structure such as beams reinforced concrete columns or structural walls.
This presentation is a small description about need of bubble deck slab and how its different from solid slab and hollow core slab with literature reviews taken from different research papers.
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings. Horizontal slabs of steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving. Sometimes these thinner slabs, ranging from 2 inches (51 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm) thick, are called mud slabs, particularly when used under the main floor slabs[1] or in crawl spaces.[2]
In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or directly on the subsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. These can either be "ground-bearing" or "suspended" slabs. The slab is "ground-bearing" if it rests directly on the foundation, otherwise the slab is "suspended".[3] For double-storey or multi-storey buildings, the use of a few common types of concrete suspended slabs are used (for more types refer to the Concrete Slab#Design section below):
Beam and block also referred to as Rib and Block, are mostly used in residential and industrial applications. This slab type is made up of pre-stressed beams and hollow blocks and are temporarily propped until set, typically after 21 days.
A Hollow core slab which are precast and installed on site with a crane.
In high rise buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung between the steel frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level. Cast in-situ slabs are used in high rise buildings and huge shopping complexes as well as houses. These in-situ slabs are cast on site using shutters and reinforced steel.
OUTLINE
introduction
classification
loads
materials used
Type of reinforcement
RCC
construction methods in RCC
Analysis and design
Detailing
Basic Rules
Site visit
video
The word “Green- Concrete” does not refer to the colour of the concrete rather it indicates its environmental -sustainability and eco-friendliness .In general green-concrete is the concrete which reduces carbon dioxide emission, saves energy and majorly consist of non-biodegradable wastes of industries such as fly-ash, rice husk-ash, GGBS(slag) and ferro-chorome ash etc.
Concrete is a major waste in construction Industry. It needs to be recycled to make a waste free environment. So how concrete is recycled, which type of concrete can be recycled, where it can be used is mentioned in this ppt.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
Structural strengthening, restoring and adding capacity is an integral part of today’s concrete repair industry. Structural strengthening may be required for increasing load capacity of beams, columns, walls, and/or slabs, seismic retrofitting, supporting additional live or dead loads not included in original design, to relieve stresses generated by design or construction errors, or to restore original load capacity to damaged structural elements.
Bubble deck Technology is the innovative system that eliminates Concrete in the mid section, secondary supporting structure such as beams reinforced concrete columns or structural walls.
This presentation is a small description about need of bubble deck slab and how its different from solid slab and hollow core slab with literature reviews taken from different research papers.
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings. Horizontal slabs of steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving. Sometimes these thinner slabs, ranging from 2 inches (51 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm) thick, are called mud slabs, particularly when used under the main floor slabs[1] or in crawl spaces.[2]
In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or directly on the subsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. These can either be "ground-bearing" or "suspended" slabs. The slab is "ground-bearing" if it rests directly on the foundation, otherwise the slab is "suspended".[3] For double-storey or multi-storey buildings, the use of a few common types of concrete suspended slabs are used (for more types refer to the Concrete Slab#Design section below):
Beam and block also referred to as Rib and Block, are mostly used in residential and industrial applications. This slab type is made up of pre-stressed beams and hollow blocks and are temporarily propped until set, typically after 21 days.
A Hollow core slab which are precast and installed on site with a crane.
In high rise buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung between the steel frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level. Cast in-situ slabs are used in high rise buildings and huge shopping complexes as well as houses. These in-situ slabs are cast on site using shutters and reinforced steel.
OUTLINE
introduction
classification
loads
materials used
Type of reinforcement
RCC
construction methods in RCC
Analysis and design
Detailing
Basic Rules
Site visit
video
The word “Green- Concrete” does not refer to the colour of the concrete rather it indicates its environmental -sustainability and eco-friendliness .In general green-concrete is the concrete which reduces carbon dioxide emission, saves energy and majorly consist of non-biodegradable wastes of industries such as fly-ash, rice husk-ash, GGBS(slag) and ferro-chorome ash etc.
Concrete is a major waste in construction Industry. It needs to be recycled to make a waste free environment. So how concrete is recycled, which type of concrete can be recycled, where it can be used is mentioned in this ppt.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
Structural strengthening, restoring and adding capacity is an integral part of today’s concrete repair industry. Structural strengthening may be required for increasing load capacity of beams, columns, walls, and/or slabs, seismic retrofitting, supporting additional live or dead loads not included in original design, to relieve stresses generated by design or construction errors, or to restore original load capacity to damaged structural elements.
Optimization of Compressive Strength of Concrete Made with Partial Replacemen...ijtsrd
This research work is aimed at using Scheffe’s Third Degree Model for six component mixtures, Scheffe’s 6,3 to optimize the compressive strength of concrete made through partial replacement of 60 percent of cement with 30 percent of Cassava Peel Ash CPA and 30 percent of Rice Husk Ash RHA . Before now, Nwachukwu and others 2022i has carried out research on the subject matter based on the Scheffe’s second degree model. Due to the upper hand that the third degree has over the second degree in terms of improved compressive strength, this recent work has become very essential. Through the use of Scheffe’s Simplex optimization method, the compressive strengths of the present work based on the third degree model were obtained for 112 different mix proportions. Control experiments were also carried out, and the compressive strengths evaluated. The adequacy of the third degree model was confirmed through the use of the Student’s t test statistics. The highest compressive strength was obtained as 43.75 MPa which is slightly higher than the maximum value obtained by Nwachukwu and others 2022i based on the second degree model. Again, the maximum value is higher than the minimum value specified by the American Concrete Institute ACI , as 20 MPa and also the minimum value specified by ASTM C 39 or ASTM C 469, as 30.75 for good concrete. Thus, the compressive strength value can sustain construction of light weight structures such as construction of Walkways, Pavement slabs etc and some heavy weight structures such as Bridges, Airports etc at the best possible economic and safety advantages. K. C. Nwachukwu | O. Oguaghamba | H. O. Ozioko | B. O. Mama "Optimization of Compressive Strength of Concrete Made with Partial Replacement of Cement with Cassava Peel Ash (CPA) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) using Scheffe’s (6,3) Model" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55162.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/civil-engineering/55162/optimization-of-compressive-strength-of-concrete-made-with-partial-replacement-of-cement-with-cassava-peel-ash-cpa-and-rice-husk-ash-rha-using-scheffe’s-63-model/k-c-nwachukwu
The main objective of this topic introduces the Mortarless System and its applications.
To reduce natural Resources like sand, Lime, etc.
To Control Wastage of Materials
To accelerate the construction activities.
Research Paper Published related to this topic
Case Studies on Mortarless System
Analysis:- The analysis will be done by collecting information Such as Classification of Mortar-less System, Advantages, Limitation, Cost Comparison, Case Study, Code & Standards, and Sustainable Design.
Purpose:-
To improve upon traditional masonry construction methods, which are labor and time intensive, as well as to control wastage of natural materials such as soil, lime and the like. The pursuit of this has led to the development of several nonconventional methods of masonry construction, including a variety of mortar-less systems.
An Experimental Investigation on Strength Behavior of Concrete by Replacing N...ijsrd.com
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world. Destruction of concrete structure due to natural calamities like earthquake, tsunami or by the bombardment, it has became a major problem in finding place for dumping the concrete debris particularly in urban areas. This paper deals with the study of strength of concrete incorporating Recycled Aggregate concrete. The main objectives of this investigation is to find out up to what percentage the Natural Coarse Aggregate (N.C.A) can be replaced by R.C.A in the concrete mix and to find out the extra quantity of cement to be added for each percentage replacement by R.C.A to achieve its target mean strength A series of test were carried out to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength with and without recycled aggregates. Natural coarse aggregates in concrete were replaced with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of crushed concrete coarse aggregate. For the strength characteristics, the result showed a gradual decrease in compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural and modulus of elasticity as the percentage of recycled aggregate is increased.
A Study on Cube and Cylinder Strength of Brick Aggregate ConcreteIOSR Journals
: Concrete is unique and extensively conducive construction material by virtue of its excellent
compressive strength, which is one of the most important and useful properties of concrete. In most structural
applications, concrete is employed primarily to resist compressive stresses, which depends on plenty of factors
like properties of ingredients, design method of preparation, curing conditions etc. Generally, compressive
strength of concrete is referred to either cube strength or cylinder strength. The compressive strength of
concrete is determined by testing cubes or cylinders made in laboratory or field or cores drilled from hardened
concrete at site or from the non-destructive testing of the specimen or actual structure. The main objective of
this research was to make comparison of strength between cube and cylinder using brick aggregate concrete.
For this purpose, nine sets of mix proportions were made and studied the variation of strength between cube
and cylinder. Along with this, variation of strengths between standard and small cylinders was also observed.
Moreover, concrete was designed for two specified compressive strengths (3000 psi and 4500 psi) by American
Concrete Institute (ACI) mix design procedure. Then it was casted and tested in laboratory with proper care.
From the analysis of the test results, it had been found that cylinder strength was approximately 86 to 90
percent of cube strength and small cylinder strength was approximately 91 to 94 percent of standard cylinder
strength
Use of Over-Burnt Bricks as Coarse aggregate in ConcreteEditorIJAERD
In modern construction industry number of materials are used and one of the materials is Brick. Regular
bricks are generally used in buildings or in some other engineering applications. In manufacturing of these bricks, a lot
of waste is produced in the form of over- burnt-bricks. The bricks being near to the fire in the furnace receives a
temperature more heat and eventually shrink and loose its shape, its color becomes reddish. These bricks can’t be used
in construction, directly because of their distorted shape dark color. hose over-burnt brick could be a source of recycled
coarse aggregate. The primary goal of this paper is to assess the suitability of incorporating over-burnt bricks in
concrete, by the partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with overburnt brick aggregate (OBBA) in a
ratio of 20%, 50%, and 100%. Initially, mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57 was selected. By replacing NCA with
OBBA while using mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57, the resulting concrete was found non-mixable and nonworkable. Thus, mix was designed (for targeted strength of 4ksi) for all replacement percentages. Slump test was
conducted for each replacement and the results show that by increasing replacement percentage the workability of
concrete decreases. the slump values are in between the range of 3–1.5 inches. For compressive strength the cylindrical
specimens of 6" x 12" were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. For 20% replacement, the loss in compressive strength is 42.16%
for 3 days and for 7 and 28 days the loss is 46.96% and 61.37% respectively. For 50 % replacement, the loss in strength
for 3, 7 and 28 days is 29.73%, 30.87% and 58.29% respectively. For 100% replacement, the loss in strength for 3, 7 and
28 days is 48.65%, 55.65% and 69.19%.
Effect Of Lightweight Blocks On High Rise Commercial & Residential Building W...Meesum Zaidi
The objective of the study design non-load bearing lightweight blocks which are lighter in weight than standard blocks using polystyrene beads and to determine the effects of lighter blocks on the structure in terms of cost and weight of the building.
The project was carried out with the assistance from teachers and Costveyors (Pvt.) Ltd in which the lightweight blocks were prepared in progression of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% substitution of coarse aggregate with polystyrene beads. Two samples sizes were selected for preparation, 4” x 8” x 12” and 6” x 8” x 12”.
After the preparation, blocks were cured for 3, 7, 14, & 28 days. Weight of the blocks were determined and then tested for compression using CTM machine. Results in weight and strength of the blocks were obtained and reduction in block weight was achieved as 27%.
To determine the effect of these blocks in building, first a commercial building was selected but after analyzing the building in load it was found that the building was not dominant in block masonry. So after, consultation with teachers and professional, the commercial building was converted into a residential apartment building by changing wall layout in the building only. The residential apartment building was then analyzed for concrete, reinforcement, block masonry and dead load using standard blocks.
The building was again analyzed for dead load using lightweight blocks. At reduced loads and moments structural members of the building were redesigned and estimation of concrete & reinforcement was done. Total weight and cost estimation was done for both structures. It was found that weight and cost of the building was reduced by 15% and 10%.
Major outputs of the project included
1) Conventional structure is expensive than lightweight.
2) Saving on materials, as structural members sizes reduced.
It mentions my work during my intern at HBCH & RC, Mohali, in 3 departments- Billing, Execution & Quality. It helped me to learn a lot of construction activities on Site.
The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. Introduction
The method which replaces the concrete by recycled balls
with less amount of concrete is known as Bubble Deck
Technology.
Concrete plays a major role in the construction field. The
usage of concrete is high in slab construction. It leads to
loss of concrete because the load transfers from the
structure only on the column portion not throughout the
slab. So reduce the concrete in center of the slab by using
recycled balls. High density polyethylene hollow plastic
spheres replace the in-effective concrete in the center of the
slab, thus decreasing the dead weight and increasing the
efficiency of the floor.
3. Literature Review
Numerical and Experimental Study on Bubble Deck Slab
(M.Surendar, M.Ranjitham,2016)-Presented the paper
conducting the test and evaluating the structural behavior
of the Conventional slab and Bubble deck slab. The
experiment was carried out using loading frame by
applying the udl load over the slab to know the ultimate
load carrying capacity and deflection. Also finite element
analysis was carried by using ANSYS software to study the
ultimate load carrying capacity, stresses and deflection.
From the evaluation of these results, Bubble Deck Slab
gives better performance than that of the conventional
slab.
4. Literature Review
An Experimental Study on two way Bubble deck Slab with
spherical hollow balls.(Bhagyashri G. Bhade and S.M
Barelikar,2016)-Presented the paper by trying different
arrangements in placing High density polythene balls. In
that experiment found that the bubble deck (continuous)
is reduced the volume of concrete so that weight of slab
ultimately decrease. Simultaneously the load carrying
capacity has also increased as compare to conventional
slab. But the arrangement of the bubbles are effect on the
load carrying capacity of the slab, in alternative
arrangement of bubbles are increase the load carrying
capacity than conventional slab but less than continuous
bubble deck slab.
5. Literature Review
Structural Behavior of Bubble Deck Slab(P. Prabhu
Teja, P. Vijay Kumar, S. Anusha, CR. Mounika,
Purnachandra Saha,2012)- This paper discusses the
type of materials used for casting the slab and more
importantly different properties like flexural strength,
shear strength, durability, deflection, fire resistance,
sound insulation, etc. The finite element models of the
office slabs created for this study in SAP2000 verify the
prior analysis and experiments and obtained
significant results in comparing bending stresses,
deflection, shear strength and weight reduction of
conventional and bubble deck slab.
6. Objectives
The main objective of this project is to practically use
hollow spherical plastic balls in reinforced concrete
slab which is called as bubble deck slab.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of
Conventional and Bubble deck Slab, followed by
comparison of both.
7. Methodology
To achieve the first objective we will have to start with
the Numerical analysis of the conventional and bubble
deck slab.
We can use any software available in market like
SAP2000,ANSYS, FreeCAD, etc. and form numerical
model and compare the results.
After conformation and results, we can go for the
experimental analysis.
8. Methodology
To begin with, we need to prepare test specimens.
Specimens can be easily prepared, the solid slab can be
designed as per IS456:2000,the slab be tested after 28
days.(We will perform all the things that are done in
field like casting, reinforcements, curing, etc.)
The Bubble slab can be casted as per DIN 1045 (1988)
or DIN 1045 (2001) code (German code).
Specimens can be tested in Test Frame and Load is
applied with the help of hydraulic jack under the same
loading and support conditions.
9. Methodology
The deflections can be measured at mid span of the
both Conventional slab and for Bubble deck slab and
strain can be measured using strain gauge.
Crack pattern can be measured with help of Non-
destructive testing for both Conventional slab and
Bubble deck slab, from this we can know whether the
slab fails in shear or bending.
Experimental studies for both can be compared
graphically or can be tabulated.
10. Advantages of Bubble Deck Slab
Weight reduction is 25% compared to solid slab.
The bubble deck technology is environmentally green and
sustainable; avoiding the cement production allows reducing
global CO2 emissions.
In comparative of conventional slab the volume of concrete in
bubble deck (continuous) are less required, that is 25%
approximately.
In bubble deck slab volume of concrete is reduced, so that the
weight of slab is decrease, comparative to Conventional slab.
Cost and time saving by using bubbles in the slab like weight of
slab, concrete volume indirectly load on the beam and walls also
decrease/ less so that building foundations can be designed for
smaller dead loads.
