The document provides an overview of significant technical and ideological developments across ancient civilizations including Egypt, Greece, China, the Hittites, and Sumer. It describes how Egypt saw developments in writing, trade, chariot technology, and bronze/ceramic works during its Classical Age from 2040-1782 BCE. For Greece, the Classical Period was marked by conflicts between Greeks/Persians and Athenians/Spartans as well as cultural and political reforms including the rise of democracy. Sumer was known for its innovations in language, governance, architecture, and irrigation systems during its emergence in Mesopotamia.

1. Social Studies Specialization
Pedagogy Tls

2. Domain= History 10%
Ancient to Classical Period
Ancient Civilizations:
1. China
2. Greece
3. Rome
4. Egypt

4. Classical Age
Immediate followed by ancient world
Classical Age of China=Classical Civilization: China 500 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.
Classical Age of Greece= 5th B.C to 323 B.C (The Death of the Alexander
Great)
Classical Age of Rome= Start from 8th BCE to 6th AD
Classical Age of Egypt (The Middle Age of Kingdom)= The first
Intermediate period of Egypt (2181-2040 BCE)

5. Egypt=Significant Technical & Ideological Development
Egypt: Technical & Ideological development
1. Decline in the power of the central government following its collapse. Largely independent districts with their own
governors developed throughout Egypt until two great centers emerged: Hierakonpolis (City of Hawk) modern city kom-
el-Ahmar in Lower Egypt and Thebes (A city on the Nile ) Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. in
Upper Egypt.
2. The stability provided by Theban rule allowed for the flourishing of what is known as the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782
BCE). The Middle Kingdom is considered Egypt's 'Classical Age' when art and culture reached great heights and Thebes
became the most important and wealthiest city in the country.
3. The first standing army was created during the Middle Kingdom by the king Amenemhat I (c. 1991-1962 BCE)( 12th
Dynasty).
4. Development in literature & Art: Ancient Egyptian literature comprises a wide array of narrative and poetic forms
including inscriptions on tombs, stele, obelisks, and temples; myths, stories, and legends; religious writings; philosophical
works; wisdom literature; autobiographies; biographies; histories; poetry; hymns; personal essays; letters and court
records.

6. Egypt=Significant Technical & Ideological Development
Egyptian writing: Ancient Egyptian writing is known as hieroglyphics ('sacred carvings')
Development in Trade
Foreign people known as the Hyksos to gain power in Lower Egypt around the Nile Delta. The Hyksos are a
mysterious people, most likely from the area of Syria/Palestine, who first appeared in Egypt.
Second Intermediate period by the foreigner rulers (Hykos)
Development of Chariot (Light Vehicle pulled two horses)
Development in Bronze & Ceramic work

7. Greece= Significant of Technical & Ideological development
Classical Period in Greece was an era of conflict.
1. First Greek & Persians
2. Athenians & Spartans
Political & Cultural developments.
Classical Age brought Historian writers, Philosopher Socrate, Physician Hippokrates.
Political Reforms. Democracy
The Acropolis of Athens is one of the most famous ancient archaeological sites in the world
Peloponnesian war
The so-called golden age of Athenian culture flourished under the leadership of Pericles (495-429 B.C.), a
brilliant general, orator, patron of the arts and politician—”the first citizen” of democratic Athens

8. China= Technical & Ideological development
1. Invention of printing press
2. Writing system cuneiforms
3. Different Dynasties & ruling system ( Ming, Qing, Zhou, Han, Xia etc)
4. Culture and Pantheon
5. Cina comes from Sanskrit
6. Trade of Silk
7. Homo sapiens
8. Neolithic, Paleolithic, Bronze Age, Stone Age
9. Pottery tools
10.Yellow river
11.Mandate of Heaven

9. Hitities= Technical & Ideological development
Hurrian Culture
Asia Minor
Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, new kingdom
Assyrians
Archaeology and Language= Hattusa

10. Sumer= Technical & Ideological development
Sumer was an ancient civilization founded in the Mesopotamia region of the Fertile Crescent situated between the Tigris
and Euphrates rivers. Known for their innovations in language, governance, architecture and more.
Cuneiform, which is used in pictographic tablets
Architecture on a grand scale is generally credited to have begun under the Sumerians
Elaborate construction, such as terra cotta ornamentation with bronze accents.
Sculpture was used mainly to adorn temples and offer some of the earliest examples of human artists seeking to achieve
some form of naturalism in their figures.
Ziggurats began to appear
Sumerians had a system of medicine that was based in magic and herbalism
One of the Sumerians greatest advances was in the area of hydraulic engineering.
Schools were common in Sumerian culture, marking the world’s first mass effort to pass along knowledge in order to
keep a society running and building on itself

11. links
http://www.essential-humanities.net/history-overview/world-history-timeline/
https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/classical-greece
https://www.worldhistory.org/egypt/
https://www.worldhistory.org/hittite/
https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/sumer