BRIDGE DESIGN
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This document summarizes a semester project to design a truss bridge using wooden sticks. A group of 5 students designed a bridge combining features of Bonhill and Whipple Arc bridges, using wooden sticks as materials. The bridge is 61 cm long, 14 cm high, and 11 cm wide. Force calculations were performed assuming the bridge would support a mass hanging at the center. Forces were calculated for each truss member, with some in compression and some in tension. A video was also taken to document the project.
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Running Head: BRIDGE DESIGN 1
BRIDGE DESIGN 31
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BRIDGE DESIGN FOR THE MOTOR WAY BELOW
8m
Embankment
A
Motorway
16m
10m
Central Reservation
Motorway
16m
Grass Verge
Existing Factory Units
Footway
A
Carriagewaym
Existing Factory Units
Fixed Factory Entrance
Fixed Factory Entrance
3m
2m
3m
2m
10mm
Existing Highway to Proposed Bridge
Existing Development
Proposed Development
Existing Development
Existing Retaining Wall – 500mm thick rc construction indicated by old record drawings
Central Reservation
10m
10m
Section A-A
2m footway
1.2m high parapets
10m carriageway
Bridge Deck Section
Figure 1
Bridge design
Most suitable bridge forms
· Beam bridge
· Arch bridge
The beam bridge: Beam and slab with ladder decks
This form of bridges comprises of slab which sits on top of steel I-beams. This form is mostly used for mid span highway bridge which is where our required bridge falls in.
Slab in this system is supported on tow main girders with a spacing of about 3.5m and it lies longitudinally between the girders as per the below diagram.
Figure 1
The bridge will use plate girders giving us a scope to vary the flange and web sizes to fit and suit the bridge load carrying capabilities. In the design process, ability of the bridge to carry the maximum load expected and the loading at the various stages of construction will guide on the proportion of girders that is their depth, width of tension and compression flanges and web thickness.
The girders are erected firmly on the ground and have stud connectors welded on the top flange to provide composite action between the slab and girder. The number of studs and spacing vary depending on expected level of shear flow between steel girder and concrete slab.
The girders rest on bearings fastened to the bottom flange. The girders are stiffened to carry the bearing loads at these points. Some cases apply bracing between the girders at support to carry lateral forces and provide torsional restraint.
Bridge description
· The bridge will have a span of 50m.
· The bridge will be raised to a height of 10m on both sides to be in level with the existing highway. The girders will have constant height.
· The bridge cross section will have the reinforced concrete slab sitting on top of two main abutment substructures and an extra substructure which will be on the central reservation. The main substructure will be located at the embarkment of the road.
Construction sequence
Abutment substructure construction
Girder construction
The bridge will consist of two main girder I beams. The girders will be of the same height. To make the I-beam, steel plates will be used. The steel plate is cut into the required sizes for the bottom flange and top flange and for the web. The cut pieces are then fillet welded into the I-section. This is done either by machine manual assembling in jig or through improved pressing machine .
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- 1. SEMESTER PROJECT REPORT BRIDGE DESIGN
- 2. Section#C Group#03 Muaz Ali 15-ME-079 Muhammad Abdullah Khalid 15-ME-075 Muhammad Usama 15-ME-071 Ammar Malik 15-ME-067 Ali 15-ME-063
- 3. Objective: Design a truss bridge using wooden sticks (ice cream sticks) satisfied the shared constraints.
- 4. Material: • Ice cream sticks. Length = 11cm Breadth = 1.2cm Thickness = 0.2cm • Germen glue. • Cutter. • Scale. • Marker.
- 6. Introduction: An engineering structure is any connected system of members built to support or transfer forces and to safely withstand the loads applied to it.
- 7. Bridge: A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. As we know there are different types of bridges, Bonhill and Whipple arc are one of them. These designs are very similar to arch design which is known for its strength. There are many different variations of arch bridges, including: deck and tied. Arch bridges are very common over mountain valleys and steep gorges. Our selected bridge design is very similar to both of these designs.
- 8. Bonhill bridge: Whipple arc bridge:
- 9. Selected Design and Structure: The design selected for the project bridge is combination of Bonhill and Whipple Arc Bridge. It is similar to arch design which is mostly known for its strength. We use bonhill trusses in our bridge.
- 12. Table and Force Calculations: The following calculations are based by assuming mass attached to the center of the bridge and the bridge is supported by roller connection under the gravity of 9.8 𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑐2. The weight is considered to be hanging in exact center of the bridge. The total Length of bridge is 61 cm, height is 14 cm and width is 11 cm.
- 13. Truss Member Force (newton N) Force Type 1) AH 74 Compression 2) AB 201 Compression 3) BI 129 Compression 4) BC 194 Compression 5) CD 186.7 Tension 6) CJ 55.09 Compression 7) DK 148 Compression 8) DE 186.7 Tension 9) EF 194 Compression 10) EL 55.09 Compression 11) FM 129 Compression 12) GN 74 Compression
- 16. Thank You