The document provides an overview of the different types of bridges based on various classification categories. Bridges can be classified based on their form of superstructure, construction materials used, usage, interspan relation, service period, movement of parts, navigation facility, position of floor, submergence condition, level of crossing, span, and alignment. Common types of bridges include beam, truss, arch, tied arch, suspension, and cable-stayed bridges.
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Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
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Types and Selection of Gauges
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
A concise presentation on bridge construction. Related to civil engineering courses. can be helpful for undergraduate students.
Its a Part of my class presentation.
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
A concise presentation on bridge construction. Related to civil engineering courses. can be helpful for undergraduate students.
Its a Part of my class presentation.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
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The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. Bridge
• Bridge is defined as a rigid structure that spans
horizontally between the supports built with a view
to provide a passage over an obstruction.
• The obstruction may be roadway, railway, river or
valley.
• The classification of bridges based on various
categories are briefly discussed in upcoming slides.
2
3. 3
07 Based on
Navigation Facility
04 Based on Interspan
relation
01 Based on Form of
Superstructure
09 Based on
Submergence
conditionel
06 Based on Movement
of Parts of Bridge
03 Based on Usage
08 Based on Position
of Bridge Floor
05 Based on Service
period
02
Based on
Construction
Materials Used
10 Based on Level of
Crossing
12 Based on Bridge
Alignment
11 Based on Bridge
Span
Types of Bridges
4. 4
TypesofBridges
Beam Bridge
Truss Bridge
Arch Bridge
Tied Arch Bridge
Suspension Bridge
Cable Stayed
Bridge
• Beam Bridge can be defined as a horizontal beam
which is supported at both the ends.
• This type of bridge may be simply supported or
continuous.
Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana
01 Based on Form of
Superstructure
5. 5
TypesofBridges
Beam Bridge
Truss Bridge
Arch Bridge
Tied Arch Bridge
Suspension Bridge
Cable Stayed
Bridge
• Truss is a structure of connected elements to form
triangular units.
• The bridge deck is supported by means of steel
trusses.
• This type of bridge is economical, efficient and is
most commonly used in railways.
6. 6
TypesofBridges
Beam Bridge
Truss Bridge
Arch Bridge
Tied Arch Bridge
Suspension Bridge
Cable Stayed
Bridge
• The arch is located below the deck slab.
• The load on the deck slab is transferred to the arch
which in turn is transferred to the abutments (i.e.,
end supports).
• The abutment provided at each end of the arch
prevents the bridge from spreading out.
7. 7
TypesofBridges
Beam Bridge
Truss Bridge
Arch Bridge
Tied Arch Bridge
Suspension Bridge
Cable Stayed
Bridge
• It is similar to arch bridge but arch is positioned
above the bridge deck.
• The deck slab is supported by means of cables
which are suspended from the arch.
8. 8
TypesofBridges
Beam Bridge
Truss Bridge
Arch Bridge
Tied Arch Bridge
Suspension Bridge
Cable Stayed
Bridge
• Deck slab is supported by means of cables which are
attached to the suspenders, running on either side
of the bridge and throughout the length of the
bridge.
• The suspenders must be firmly anchored into the
ground.
9. 9
TypesofBridges
Beam Bridge
Truss Bridge
Arch Bridge
Tied Arch Bridge
Suspension Bridge
Cable Stayed
Bridge
• It is similar to Suspension bridge but, the deck slab
is supported by the cables which are connected to
tall vertical towers called as pylons.
• The height of the pylon is much greater than that of
towers in suspension bridges
12. 12
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
To enable humans to
walk over the obstacles.
PIPE BRIDGE
Used to support pipelines for
gas, oil, water,
communication cables, etc.,
RAILWAY BRIDGE
Used in railways
for the movement
of trains.
ROAD CUM
RAILWAY BRIDGE
Used for both railway and
road transport.
HIGHWAY BRIDGE
For the movement of road way
traffic over an obstruction like
rivers or canals.
AQUEDUCT
Structure used for
transporting water
Types of Bridges
03 Based on Usage
14. Types of Bridges
Continuous Bridge
Simply Supported
Bridge
Cantilever Bridge
Simply Supported Bridge
is similar to a simply
supported single span
beam which has supports
at its ends.
Bridge which is
continuous over more
than one span (i.e. bridge
spanning over more than
two supports).
It is similar to cantilever
beam which is fixed on one
end and the other end is
free.
14
04 Based on Interspan
relation
16. Bridges
Service
Period
Movement
of Parts
Temporary Permanent Fixed Movable
Bridges which
are constructed
for use over a
short period.
The bridges that are
constructed with a
view to be used for
longer duration.
The Bridge
which does not
contain any
movable parts.
The Bridge which
contains
movable parts.
16
05 Based on Service
Period
06 Based on Movement
of Parts of Bridge
17. Types of
Bridges
This bridge can lift
its deck upwards
which is balanced
by counterweights
Bascule Bridge
02
The bridge deck
moves up and
down
Lift Bridge
04
This bridge can
rotate horizontally
with respect to a
vertical support
Swing Bridge
01
This bridge moves
over wheels or
rollers and can be
moved towards or
away from the shore
Traverser Bridge
03
17
07 Based on
Navigation Facility
19. THROUGH BRIDGE
The Bridge is constructed such
that its floor is at the bottom of
its superstructure.
SEMI-THROUGH
BRIDGE
The Bridge is constructed such
that its floor is provided in the
intermediate level of its
superstructure.
DECK BRIDGE
The Bridge is constructed such
that its floor is provided at the
top of superstructure.
Types of
Bridges
19
08 Based on Position
of Bridge Floor
21. Non-Submersible
Bridge
Submersible Bridge
Types of
Bridges
The super structure of the bridge is well below
the High Flood Level and so the bridge deck will
be submerged in water during the period of
high floods.
The super structure of the bridge is above the
High Flood Level and so the bridge deck will never
be submerged in water even during the periods of
heavy rain.
1 2
21
09 Based on
Submergence
condition
23. Types of Bridges
Over Bridge Underpass
Bridge which is used to pass over another
route which can be either a roadway or a
railway track.
Tunnel which is used to pass under another
route.
23
10 Based on Level of
Crossing
25. CULVERT BRIDGE
Span of the bridge is
lesser than 6m.
MAJOR BRIDGE
Types of
Bridges
MINOR BRIDGE LONG SPAN BRIDGE
Span of the bridge is
between 60m and 120m.
Span of the bridge is
between 6m and 60m.
Span of the bridge is
greater than 120m.
25
11 Based on Bridge
Span
26. Skew BridgeStraight Bridge
Types of Bridges
The alignment of the
bridge is not
perpendicular to the
centre line of the
obstacle.
The alignment of the
bridge is perpendicular
to the centre line of the
obstacle (like roadway,
railway track or river).
26
12 Based on Bridge
Alignment