This document discusses different types of bridges, focusing on steel and concrete bridges. It describes the main advantages and disadvantages of steel and concrete as materials for bridge construction. It then outlines different structural types of steel bridges like beam/girder, truss, plate girder, box girder, and cable-stayed bridges. For concrete bridges, it discusses slab, beam, box girder, and continuous girder bridges.
A concise presentation on bridge construction. Related to civil engineering courses. can be helpful for undergraduate students.
Its a Part of my class presentation.
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https://civilinsider.com/design-philosophies-of-rcc-structure/
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Various design philosophies have been invented in the different parts of the world to design RCC structures. In 1900 theory by Coignet and Tedesco was accepted and codified as Working Stress Method. The Working Stress Method was in use for several years until the revision of IS 456 in 2000.
What are the Various Design Philosophies?
Working Stress Method
limit state method
ultimate load method
#civil insider
A concise presentation on bridge construction. Related to civil engineering courses. can be helpful for undergraduate students.
Its a Part of my class presentation.
Get PPT here
https://civilinsider.com/design-philosophies-of-rcc-structure/
www.civilinsider .com
www.civilinsider .com
www.civilinsider .com
www.civilinsider .com
Various design philosophies have been invented in the different parts of the world to design RCC structures. In 1900 theory by Coignet and Tedesco was accepted and codified as Working Stress Method. The Working Stress Method was in use for several years until the revision of IS 456 in 2000.
What are the Various Design Philosophies?
Working Stress Method
limit state method
ultimate load method
#civil insider
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
Bridge Bearings has been considered as of huge importance in civil engineering. It plays a significant role in the structure of bridges. This presentation covers the complete study of Bridge Bearings.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
Bridge Bearings has been considered as of huge importance in civil engineering. It plays a significant role in the structure of bridges. This presentation covers the complete study of Bridge Bearings.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
A bridge is the key element in a transportation system; it controls both the volume and weight of the traffic. Balance must be achieved between handling future traffic volume and loads and the cost of heavier and wider bridge structure. Economic Analysis and comparisons against competing alternatives is required as Bridges are the most expensive part of a road transportation network. Monetized & Non-Monetized Benefits that will accrue like time savings to road users, benefits to business activities (and to the economy in general) and salvage value benefits like Right-of-Way and substructure use need to be assessed as well.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
3. 3
Advantages of Steel
• High tensile and compressive strength
• High strength to weight ratio – low self weight & less
loading on substructure
• Uniformity
• High quality material
• Speed of construction
• Versatility of construction
• Elasticity – follows Hooke’s Law very accurately
• Ductility – can withstand high deformations before
failure ➔ gives a warning before failure
• Modifications can be made easily – strengthening of
beams
6. 6
Disadvantages of Steel
• Maintenance cost is high – corrodes when
exposed to air, water and humidity
• Fire proofing cost – strength reduces at high
temperatures
• Susceptible to buckling – slender structures
• Fatigue – strength reduces due to cyclic loading
9. 9
Beam / Girder Bridges (Contd.)
• Rolled I sections are used as the main support
system
• Other members – cross girders, stringers, deck,
bracings
• Two beam/girder system or multiple beam/girder
system with cross beams (cross girders)
13. 13
Truss Bridges (Contd.)
• Spans up to 200m possible
• Structurally efficient
• Reduced self weight
• Several types of truss arrangements possible –
Warren, Modified Warren, Pratt, Fink, Howe etc.
15. Warren Truss Pratt Truss
Equal length
members
Easy
fabrication
economy
Longer members
in tension
Slender diagonals
are possible
Efficient structure
Truss Bridges (Contd.)
18. 18
Box Girder Bridges (Contd.)
• Very high torsional rigidity
• Effective use of construction materials
• Longer spans possible
• Complex execution
20. 20
Cantilever Bridges (Contd.)
• Permits a long clear span for navigation
• Main structural elements are anchor arm,
cantilever arm and suspended span
23. 23
Arch Bridges (Contd.)
• Structural action similar to old masonry arches –
bending moments much lower than in typical
bridges
• Deck support – Hangers or struts
30. 30
Movable Bridges (Contd.)
• Permits passage for navigation by moving /
swinging the bridge deck
• When it is either impractical or too expensive to
provide a bridge with sufficient vertical clearance
• Moving action – Lift/sink or swing
33. 33
Temporary / Emergency Bridges (Contd.)
• Erected within a very short period (1 day)
• No permanent abutments / piers
• Specially provided during wars and after natural
disasters
35. 35
Advantages of Concrete
• Ingredients of concrete are easily available.
• Unlike natural stones Concrete is free from
defects and flaws (faults, joints, stratifications
etc.).
• Concrete can be manufactured to desired strength
with economy.
• The durability of concrete is very high.
• It can be cast to any desired shape.
• Casting of concrete can be done at work site
which makes it economical.
• Maintenance cost of concrete is almost negligible.
36. 36
Disadvantages of Concrete
• Compared to other binding materials, the tensile
strength of concreter is relatively low.
• Concrete is less ductile.
• The weight is high compared to its strength.
37. 37
RC Bridges
• Suitable for small and medium spans
• Special requirements – restriction on provision of
formwork, construction period
• Most of highway bridges are RC
• Several types available
• Slab
• Beam
• Box girder
• Continuous girder
• Balanced cantilever
• Arch
39. 39
Slab Bridges
RC Slab serves as the main superstructure member,
requiring no other beams or girders to carry the
loads. Not suitable for larger spans since the slab
becomes thicker increasing the dead weight.
• Economical
• Simple design
• Solid / hollow slabs
41. 41
Beam Bridge
RC beams serve as the main superstructure member.
Widely used due to simplicity, economy, wide
availability of the standard sections, and speed of
erection. Precast beams are placed on the
supporting piers or abutments, usually on rubber
bearings which are maintenance free.
• I beams are used
• A deck is constructed on top of beams spanning
between the beams
42. 42
Box Girder Bridges
For spans greater than around 45 metres, pre-
stressed concrete box girders are the most common
method of concrete bridge construction. The main
spans are hollow and the shape of the 'box' will
vary from bridge to bridge and along the span,
being deeper in cross-section at the abutments and
piers and shallower at mid span.
• Incrementally launched
• Span by span
• Balanced cantilever