This document discusses the applications of plate girders in steel construction. It begins by defining a plate girder as a type of beam constructed from steel plates that are bolted or welded together. Plate girders became popular in the late 1800s for railroad bridges and now are commonly used to construct short to medium span bridges for railroads, highways, and other traffic. Some common types of bridges that use plate girders are box girder bridges, beam bridges, multi-girder composite bridges, and half-through plate girder bridges. Plate girders offer advantages like strength, stability, and ability to accommodate heavy loads and long spans.
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Basic points on earthquake resistant building
- Design considerations and different techniques employed to resist building from collapse during earthquake
Basic points on earthquake resistant building
- Design considerations and different techniques employed to resist building from collapse during earthquake
This ppt presentation may be very useful who wants to present himself on the topic such as steel bridge girders and prestressed concreting and the psc slabs
MODIFIED FORM OF PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE FOR ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION IAEME Publication
Bridges are the important landmarks for any country. It is a vital link in transportation system. Stability, Strength and Economy are the three important factors for the design
considerations. An economy can be achieved by analyzing the bridge by changing different parameters. These parameters includes form, shape, size, types of loads, spans and boundary conditions.
The Earth is not flat; but it's not round either (Geography on Boost.Geometry)Vissarion Fisikopoulos
What is a great circle, a loxodrome or a geodesic? What are the differences between them and which one is more suitable for each GIS application? This talk addresses this kind of questions and how geography is implemented in Boost.Geometry. The library that is currently being used to provide GIS support to MySQL.
Following up the introductory talk on Boost.Geometry we discuss the algorithmic, the implementation as well as the user perspective of the development of geography in Boost.Geometry. We define basic geometric objects such as geodesics, and the modeling of the Earth as a sphere or ellipsoid. We try to understand the effect of different Earth models to the accuracy and speed of fundamental geometric algorithms (such as length, area, intersection etc.) by showing particular examples. Finally, we are having a look towards the future of geography in Boost.Geometry.
A bridge is the key element in a transportation system; it controls both the volume and weight of the traffic. Balance must be achieved between handling future traffic volume and loads and the cost of heavier and wider bridge structure. Economic Analysis and comparisons against competing alternatives is required as Bridges are the most expensive part of a road transportation network. Monetized & Non-Monetized Benefits that will accrue like time savings to road users, benefits to business activities (and to the economy in general) and salvage value benefits like Right-of-Way and substructure use need to be assessed as well.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
4. PLATE GIRDERS
“A plate girder is a type of beam built from plates of
steel that are either bolted or welded together.”
The plate girders are typically I-beams made up from
separate structural steel plates which are welded or,
bolted or riveted together to form the deep vertical
web with a pair of angles each edge to act as
compression and tension flanges.
5.
6.
7. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF PLATE
GIRDERS
Plate girders became popular in the late 1800's,
when they were used in construction of railroad
bridges.
By 1950's welded plate girders replaced riveted and
bolted plate girders.
The purpose of the plate girder is to build a beam
that is larger than anything that can be built by
a steel mill or factory.
8. The size and shape of the girder allows builders to
construct structures that are much longer and
heavier duty.
Plate girders are usually prefabricated and the
length limit is frequently set by the mode of
transportation.
9. APPLICATIONS OF PLATE GIRDERS
Plate girders are usually used to construct bridges
that are suitable for short to medium spans and
may support railroads, highways, or other traffic.
Some of the most commonly used girder bridges
are:
i. Box Girder Bridge
ii. Beam Bridge
iii. Multi- Girder Composite Bridges
iv. Half-Through Plate Girder Bridges
10. BOX GIRDER BRIDGES
Box girders are a particular form of plate girder, with
two webs joined by common top and bottom
flanges.
The box girder normally comprises either
prestressed concrete, structural steel, or a
composite of steel and reinforced concrete.
11. BOX GIRDER BRIDGES (CONTINUED)
Advantages
Offer better resistance to torsion.
Gives excellent appearance and durability.
larger girders can be constructed.
12. BOX GIRDER BRIDGES (CONTINUED)
San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, aka Bay
Bridge, California, USA
13. BOX GIRDER BRIDGES (CONTINUED)
Main materials are Steel & concrete
Total length is 4.46 miles (7.18 km)
Width is 96.24m
Height is 526 ft (160 m)
14.
15. CRANE BRIDGE RUNWAY GIRDER
Crane bridge girder is a special type of plate girder
used to support the crane loads.
Crane runway girders provided in a perpendicular
direction to the crane bridge at the ends may also
be the plate girders.
16. C. B. R. GIRDER (CONTINUED)
Usage of Crane bridge Girders has allowed the
engineers to deal efficiently with higher loads.
Some of the important features of C.B.Gs are:
• Limit the applied stress range to acceptable levels.
• Avoid unexpected restraints at the attachments and
supports
• Avoid stress concentrations at critical locations
• Avoid eccentricities due to rail misalignment or crane
travel
• Minimize residual stresses
17.
18. BEAM BRIDGES
A beam or girder bridge is the simplest kind of
bridge.
A beam bridge consists of a horizontal beam that is
supported at each end by piers.
The weight of the beam pushes straight down on
the piers.
19. BEAM BRIDGES (CONTINUED)
Beam bridges rarely span more than 250 feet. This
doesn't mean beam bridges aren't used to cross
great distances it only means that there may be a
series of beam bridges joined together, creating
what's known as a "continuous span."
20.
21. BEAM BRIDGE (CONT)
Esplanade Riel Bridge, Winnipeg, Canada
• Pedestrian bridge
• Designer : Colin Douglas Stewart and Étienne
Gaboury
• 197 meters (646 ft) long & 7m wide
22. MULTI-GIRDER COMPOSITE BRIDGES
'Composite' means that the steel structure of a
bridge is fixed to the concrete structure of the deck
so that the steel and concrete act together, so
reducing deflections and increasing strength
One of the most commonly used for medium span
bridges.
Multi-girder construction is used for single spans
and for continuous multiple spans.
Effectively used where construction depth is limited.
23. M-G-C BRIDGES (CONTINUED)
The girders are braced together at supports and at
some intermediate positions
Generally taken into account, where short piers are
to be used.
Use of multi-girders allow the designer free to
choose the thickness of web and size of flange
accordingly.
24. M-G-C BRIDGES (CONTINUED)
River Eden Bridge
• Three span multi-girder bridge
• Main span of 64 m, with 34m side spans
• 1351t capacity
25. M-G-C BRIDGES (CONTINUED)
Surtees Bridge, at river Tees, United Kingdom
• 150m of total span
• 3 no of spans, 2 piers in water
• About 2000t capacity
26.
27. HALF THROUGH PLATE GIRDER BRIDGES
A bridge provides a running surface for the traffic
that crosses it and to ensure minimum interface
issues.
The traffic runs on top of the bridge structure.
28. HALF THROUGH P.G.B (CONTINUED)
Provide best solution for small and medium span
bridges.
More commonly seen in railway bridges and
footbridges.
29. HALF THROUGH P.G.B (CONTINUED)
Preferred, where there is minimum clearance level
above the ground, river, road or the railway below.
In half through configuration of girder bridge, the
traffic is only partially inside the structural envelope.
30. HALF THROUGH P.G.B (CONTINUED)
Common solution for pedestrian and cycle-way
bridges.
The footway/cycle-way is relatively narrow and a
stiffened steel plate deck can easily span between
open web main girders on either side.
36. ADVANTAGES OF USING PLATE GIRDERS IN
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
There are number of advantages of using plate
girders in bridge construction or other structures,
some of which are as follows:
Possessing the features of structure is simple.
Provides Convenient Transport.
Speedy erection.
Heavy loading capacity,
Great stability and long fatigue life.
Being capable of an alternative span, loading
capacity.