Biology is the branch of science which deals with the study of living organism and their life processes. It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures like growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology, economics importance, external form, organization, internal structure, nutrition among others
For ninth grade, this is the first chapter and purpose to introduce them biological terms and about the Islamic beliefs about life; and also to know about the Muslim scientists
For ninth grade, this is the first chapter and purpose to introduce them biological terms and about the Islamic beliefs about life; and also to know about the Muslim scientists
One can easily avail of assignment help for any assessment related to biology. Biology is a branch of science that further includes 4 sub-disciplines that are discussed in later slides.
What is biologyStudy living organism is called biology
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from the molecular processes within cells to the interactions between different species in ecosystems. Biologists seek to understand the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.
what is biologyStudy living organism is called biology
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from the molecular processes within cells to the interactions between different species in ecosystems. Biologists seek to understand the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.Cell Biology
The study of cells, their structure, function, and processes. It includes topics such as cell division, cell signaling, and cellular metabolism.
Genetics:
The study of genes and heredity. Geneticists investigate how traits are passed from parents to offspring, the structure and function of DNA, gene expression, and genetic disorders.
Evolutionary Biology
The study of the diversity and evolution of living organisms. It explores how species have changed over time and how new species arise through the process of natural selection.
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists examine the relationships between organisms and their physical surroundings, as well as the interdependence of different species within ecosystems.
Physiology
The study of the function and mechanisms of living organisms. Physiologists investigate how different organs, tissues, and systems work together to maintain homeostasis and carry out vital functions.
Anatomy
The study of the structure of living organisms. It involves examining the organization of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists examine the relationships between organisms and their physical surroundings, as well as the interdependence of different species within ecosystems.
Physiology
The study of the function and mechanisms of living organisms. Physiologists investigate how different organs, tissues, and systems work together to maintain homeostasis and carry out vital functions.
Anatomy
The study of the structure of living organisms. It involves examining the organization of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists examine the relationships between organisms and their physical surroundings, as well as the interdependence of different species within ecosystems.
Physiology
The study of the function and mechanisms of living organisms. Physiologists investigate how different organs, tissues, and systems work together to maintain homeostasis and carry out vital functions.
Anatomy
The study of the structure of living organisms. It involves examining the organization of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists examine the relationships between organisms and their physical surroundings, as well as the interdependence of different species within ecosystems.
Physiology
The study of the function and mechanisms of living organisms. Physiologists investigate how different organs, tissues
Study living organism is called biology
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from the molecular processes within cells to the interactions between different species in ecosystems. Biologists seek to understand the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.
The study of cells, their structure, function, and processes. It includes topics such as cell division, cell signaling, and cellular metabolism.
Genetics:
The study of genes and heredity. Geneticists investigate how traits are passed from parents to offspring, the structure and function of DNA, gene expression, and genetic disorders.
Evolutionary Biology
The study of the diversity and evolution of living organisms. It explores how species have changed over time and how new species arise through the process of natural selection.
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists examine the relationships between organisms and their physical surroundings, as well as the interdependence of different species within ecosystems.
Physiology
The study of the function and mechanisms of living organisms. Physiologists investigate how different organs, tissues, and systems work together to maintain homeostasis and carry out vital functions.
Anatomy
The study of the structure of living organisms. It involves examining the organization of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists. Microbiologists explore their structure, function, behavior, and their impact on human health and the environment.
Biochemistry
The study of the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. It focuses on the structure and function of biomolecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Biotechnology
The application of biological knowledge and techniques to develop useful products and technologies. This includes areas such as genetic engineering, pharmaceutical development, and the production
Simply put, the living world can be described as the world around us. It comprises all living creatures, plants and microorganisms that we cannot see. It has changed over the course of billions of years but the general composition has remained the same. The main components are still organic and inorganic matter. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera.
Are your wondering why you urinate above the normal 7-8 times in a 24 hours cycle. Urinary frequency can be defined as needing to urinate more than 7-8 times in a period of 24 hours while drinking about 2 liters of fluid. This can disrupt your normal routine, interrupt your sleep cycle, and it can be a sign of an underlying medical condition
Medicine as a career has a variety of specializations; but focusing on the branches with more demand that can help you as a future doctor to define your specialty is cardinal
Angina is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It is a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina, which may also be called angina pectoris, is often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness or pain in your chest. Some people with angina symptoms describe angina as feeling like a vise is squeezing their chest or feeling like a heavy weight has been placed on their chest. Angina may be a new pain that needs evaluation by a doctor, or recurring pain that goes away with treatment
this presentation provides a genuine knowledge on cholesterol positive and negative impact on the proper functioning of your health. Take a look at it. Please Don't forget to leave your comment at the comment session for improvement.
Bryophytes comes from the Greek word “Bryo” meaning “Moss” and “Phyte” meaning “Plant” They are eukaryotic plant-like organism without vascular system. They consist of about 20,000 plant species.
Gymnosperm is from the Greek “gymnos” naked, and “sperma” seeds. They are groups of vascular plants that reproduce by means of an exposed seeds or ovules. They are phanerogams according to A. W. Eichler.
Phylum lycophyta (Club mosses, Spike mosses & Quillworts)Fasama H. Kollie
Lycophytes are believed to be the oldest living lineage of vascular plants. Lycophytes , also known as ‘ferns allies’, are a clade of vascular plants similar to ferns, but have unique leaves called microphylls. Lycophytes contain three orders; lycopodium (club mosses), selaginella (spike mosses) and isoetales (Quillworts)
Fungus comes from the Greek word mykes “Mushrooms”
They are Eukaryotic organism that digests food externally and absorbs nutrients directly through its cell walls. Consist of about 100,000 spp.
Phylum Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta & Chlorophyta - Multicellular aglaeFasama H. Kollie
These are the multicellular algae of the kingdom Protista. Phaeophyta are group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that belong to the class phaeophyceae in the division chromophyta.
Phylum Cryptophyta describes tiny, motile, unicellular organisms with two slightly unequal flagella bearing lateral hairs. Prymnesiophyta are group of autotrophic, planktonic, binucleated flagellates characterized by the presence of a haptonema
Phylum Bacillariophyta, Xanthophyta & Chrysophyta Fasama H. Kollie
Bacillariophyta is a phylum of the kingdom Protista, consisting of mostly unicellular aquatic algae commonly referred to as Diatoms.
Xanthophytes are the yellow-green algae whereas Chrysophytes are the golden-brown algae.
Small phylum of the Kingdom protista, consisting of mostly unicellular aquatic algae. Many of these organisms exhibit characteristics similar to both plants and animals. organisms of this phylum are also called Euglenozoa, euglenoids, euglenophytes among others.
This is a comprehensive presentation. It will guide you in identifying Euglena.
Organisms with hidden form of reproduction or reproductive structure. This presentation provide a comprehensive knowledge on such organisms thereby aiding to clearly distinguish them from the Phanerogams, which are organisms with and identifiable form of reproduction or their reproductive structures are identifiable.
This presentation provides a clear understanding of the physiology of the circulatory system. It focus lies on the division and component of the circulatory system, the three major function of the circulatory system, blood composition, structure of the heart, blood circulation; pulmonary and systemic circuit, valves of the heart, the pathway of blood flow through the heart, the cardiac cycle, pressure changes during the cardiac cycle; systole and diastole, cardiac output, heart sounds among others.
This presentation was designed by Fasama H. Kollie and presented by Benetta N. Kekulah, Cordelia Capehart and Abraham Peters.
Unicellular aquatic Eukaryota organism that do photosynthesize. Plant-like protist. This presentation provides a generalize idea of protist focusing specifically on some characteristics of protist as well as their division.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. • Science (from the Latin word scientia, meaning
“knowledge”)
• It is a systematic enterprise that builds and organi
zes knowledge in the form of testable explanation
s and predictions about the universe
• Or, science is an organized form of knowledge or
systematic knowledge
• That is, knowledge through process
Definition of Science
3. Biology
• The Word Biology is the combination of two Greek
words (bios – life, logos – study)
• Biology is the branch of science which deals with
the study of living objects and their life processes
• It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures like
growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology,
economics importance, external form, organization,
internal structure, nutrition among others
4. Cont’d
• Being broad – based and multidisplinary, the term biolo
gy is often replaced by the term “life science or biologi
cal science.”
• The term biology was coined by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
• Aristotle is know as the “Father of Biology”
5. Now questions arises like:
what is Life? What is living?
How can you differentiate between Living
and non-living since we define biology as t
he science which deals with the study of
living objects
6. • Life is a set of characteristics which differe
ntiate organisms from non-living objects
• These set of characteristics include reproducti
on, growth, homeostasis, movement, nutriti
on, respiration among others
• For a thing to be called a living thing, there
must be a set of these characteristics
7. Botany
• Botany is the branch of biology which deals wit
h the scientific study of different aspects of pla
nts and plant-like organisms which include alga
e, fungi, lichens, mosses, ferns, conifer, and flow
ering plants
• The ancient Greek Theophrastus (371–286 B.C.E
.) is known as the “Father/Founder of Botany”
8. Microbiology
• Microbiology is the branch of biology that deals wit
h the scientific study of all living organisms that are
too small to be visible to the naked eye.
• These organisms include: bacteria, archaea, viruses, f
ungi, prions, protozoa, and algae, collectively known
as ‘Microbes’
• Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek is known as the
“Father of Microbiology”
9. Pure Branches of Biology
1. Morphology
2. Anatomy
3. Histology
4. Cytology
5. Cell biology
6. Molecular biology
7. Physiology
8. Ecology
9. Embryology
10. Genetics
11. Paleontology
12. Taxonomy
13. Evolution
14. Pathology
The pure branch of biology include the following:
10. • Morphology
It is the study of external form, size, shape, color, external
structure and relative position of living organisms
• Anatomy
It is the study of internal structure which can be observed with
unaided eye after dissection
• Physiology
It is the study of different types of body functions and process
es or the functional activities of a living organism
11. • Cytology
It is the study of form and structure as well as the function
of cells including the behavior of nucleus and other
organelles
• Histology
It is the study of tissue organization and structure as
observed through light microscope
• Embryology
It is the study of fertilization, growth, division and different
iation of the zygote into embryo or early development of
living beings before the attainment of structure and size of
the offspring
12. • Taxonomy
It is the science of identification, nomenclature and
classification of organisms
• Genetics
It is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity
and variations. Heredity is the study of expression and
transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
• Ecology
It is the study of living organisms is relation to other
organism and their environment
13. • Evolution
It studies the origin of life as well as new types of
organism from the previous ones by modifications
involving genetic changes and adaptations.
• Paleontology
It deals with the study of fossils or remains and
impressions of past organisms present in the rocks
of different ages.
14. • Cell Biology
It is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemic
al, physiological, genetic, developmental, pathological and
evolutionary aspects of cell and its components.
• Molecular Biology
It is the study of the nature, physicochemical organization,
synthesis working and interaction of bio-molecules that br
ing about and control various activities of the protoplasm
• Pathology
It is a branch of biology which studies diseases in plant a
nd animals and their treatment
15. Applied Branches of Biology
• The applied branch of biology is divided into
two main streams:
• Applied Botany
• Applied Zoology
16. Applied Botany
• Some important branches of applied botany
are;
1. Agriculture
2. Horticulture
3. Pharmacognosy
4. Forestry…
17. Applied Zoology
• Some important branches of applied zoology
are;
1. Sericulture
2. Apiculture
3. Lac culture
4. Poultry
5. Pisciculture
6. Animal husbandry
18. Some different branches of science,
biology specifically, has become very
importance in this millennium
With the above idea of the branches
of biology, let us have some idea of
the biological importance in other
branches of science.
A – Z List
19. A
• Acariology
Study of ticks and mites
• Actinobiology
The branch of science which deals with the study of
radiation effects on organisms
• Aerobiology
Study of flying organisms
20. • Agroforestry
This branch deals with forms of land used on which
herbaceous crops and trees crops are cultivated
• Agronomy
Science which deals with the crop plants
• Agrostology
Study of grasses
• Anthology
Study of flowers
21. • Anthropology
Study of apes and man
• Apiculture
Study of Bee keeping
• Araneology
Study of spiders
• Arthrology
Study of joints
22. B
• Bacteriology
Study of bacteria
• Batrachology
Study of frog
• Biochemistry
Branch of science which deals with the study of
chemical reactions in relations to life activities
23. • Biometrics
Statistical analysis of different results of biological
experiments
• Biotechnology
Us of biological organisms in commercial processes
for producing fine chemicals such as drugs, vaccines
and hormones etc.. On a large scale and at reasona
ble cost
24. • Bryology
Study of Bryophytes
• Biophysics
Study of physical aspects of living organisms
25. c
• Carcinology
Study of crab and crustaceans
• Cardiology
Study of the heart
• Chondriology
Study of cartilage
• Chromatology
Study of pigments
26. • Cnidology
Study of Coelenterata
• Conchology
Study of shells
• Craniology
Study of skull
• Cytogenetics
Study of cytological basis of inheritance
28. E
• Ecobiology
Study of problems of existence of life in outer space
• Ecology
Study of relationship between organisms and their
environment
• Embryology
Study of embryo i.e developmental stages after
fertilization or birth of young ones
29. • Endocrinology
Study of endocrine glands and their secretions
• Entomology
Study of insects
• Enzymology
Study of enzymes
30. • Ethnology
Study of mankind
• Ethology
Study of conditions of animals or behavior of animals,
in a natural contest
• Etiology
Study of diseases
31. • Eugenics
Study of improvement of human race by applying laws
of heredity. It applied before birth. Eugenics is related
with future generation
• Euphenics
Study of improvement of human race by drug treatment
or gene engineering i.e medical engineering of genetic
disorder
• Euthenics
Study of improvement of human race by improving envir
onment. It applied after birth and is related with present
generation
32. • Evolution
The branch of science which deals with the study of or
igin of new from old i.e origin, variation, inter-relations
hip between organisms of past and present days
• Exobiology
Space biology is also know as exobiology
36. • Herpetology
Study of lizards and other reptiles
• Hypnology
Study which deals with sleep
• Histochemistry
Study of chemical nature of tissues
• Horticulture
Study of flowering and fruit plants
37. I
• Ichnology
Study of fossil footprints
• Ichthyology
Study of fish and it’s culture
• Immunology
Study of resistance of organisms against infection
38. K
• Kalology
Study of sensory values, sometimes called
judgement of sentiment and taste
• Karyology
Study of nucleus
• Kinesiology
Study of muscle movements
39. L
• Lepidopterology
Study of moths and butterflies
• Lichenology
Study of lichens
• Limnology
Study of fresh water lakes, ponds, and streams in
relation with plants and animals
41. • Melanology
Study of pigments
• Molecular biology
Study of life science on molecular level (i.e. RNA and
DNA level)
• Mycology
Study of fungi
• Myrmecology
Study of ants
42. N
• Neonatology
Study of the new-born up to one month of age
• Nephrology
Study of kidney
• Neurology
Study of the nervous system
43. • Nidology
Study of nests of birds
• Nosology
The branch of medical science dealing with the class
ification of diseases.
44. O
• Odontology
Study of teeth and gums
• Olericulture
Study of vegetable yielding plants
• Oncology
Study of cancer
45. • Oneirology
Study of dreams
• Ontogeny
Study of embryonic history
• Oology
Study of egg of birds
46. • Ophthalmology
Study of eyes
• Organocology
Study of development of organs under embryology
• Organology
Study of organs
47. • Ornithology
Study of birds
• Osteology
Study of bones
• Otorhinolaryngology
Study of ear, nose, and throat
48. P
• Paedology
Study of larva stages
• Paleozoology
Study of fossils of animals and their distribution in
time
• Paleobotany
Study of the distribution and characteristics of fossils
49. • Parasitology
Study of parasites
• Pathology
Study of various diseases in human beings
• Parazoology
Study of porifera/sponges
50. • Pedology
Study of soils
• Pharmacognosy
Branch of science dealing with medicinal plants
• Pharmacology
Study of synthesis and effect of medicines on organi
sms
51. • Phenology
Study of organisms as affected by seasonal climates
e.g. of bird migration, opening of flowers etc.
• Phrenology
Study of mental faculties of brain including feelings
• Phycology (algology)
Study of algae
52. • Phylogeny
Study of evolutionary history
• Physiology
Study of functions of various parts within the
organisms
• Pisciculture
Study of rearing of fishes
53. • Platyhelminthology
Study of flat worms
• Pomology
Study of fruits
• Poultry
Study which deals with keepings of foul
54. • Proctology
Study of hind gut including rectum and anus
• Protistology
Study of protests. Its field of study overlaps with
more traditional disciplines of algology, mycology
and protozoology
• Psychobiolog
Study of the behavioral aspects of animals
• Pteridology
Study of Pteridophyte
56. S
• Saurology
Study of lizards
• Sarcology
Study of muscles
• Sericulture
Silk industry concerned with culture of silk moth and
pupa
57. • Serology
Study of serum; interaction of antigens and
antibodies in the blood
• Sepentology
Study of snakes
• Silvibulture
Study of the development of forest
58. • Sitology
Study of dietetics
• Speciology
Study of species
• Spermology
Study of seeds
59. • Splanchnology
Study of visceral organs
• Stomatology
Study of forget including buccal cavity and stomach
• Syndesmology
Study of bony joints and ligaments
60. T
• Taxonomy
The branch of science which deals with the study
of classification of organism
• Teratology
Study of fetal malformations
• Toxicology
Study of narcotics and the influence of narcotics
on various organisms
61. • Traumatology
Study of wounds and turnover
• Trichology
Study of hair
• Trophology
Study of nutrition
62. U
• Urobiology
Study which deals with preservation of deals deals
bodies in liquids by chemicals
• Urology
Study od wine including diseases and the abnormalities
of urinary and urino-genital tract
64. Z
• Zoogeography
The branch of science which deals with the study of
the distribution of animals on earth
• Zoophytology
Study of drifting microorganism such as diatoms
66. • Gynecology
Gynecology normally means treating women who aren’t
pregnant, while obstetrics deals with pregnant women
and their unborn children, but there is lots of crossover
between the two
• Orthopedics
Branch of medical science which is devoted to the diagn
osis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of injuries,
disorders and diseases of the body’s musculoskeletal syst
em. This system includes bones, joints, ligaments, muscle
s, nerves and tendons
67. • Ophthalmology
Branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy,
physiology, and diseases of the eyeball and orbit
• Dentistry
Branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagn
osis, prevention and treatment of diseases, disorders
and conditions of the oral cavity
68. • Oncology
Branch of medicine that researchers, identifies and
treats cancer
• Cardiology
Branch of medicine that is concern with the diseases
and disorders of the heart, which may range from
congenital defects through to acquired heart diseas
es such as coronary artery disease and congestive
heart failure
69. • Urology
Surgical specialty that deals with the treatment of
conditions involving the male and female urinary tract
and the ale reproductive organs
• Nephrology
Branch of medical science that deals with diseases of the
kidneys
• Pediatrics
Branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical
care of infants, children, and adolescents from birth up
to the age of 18
70. • Dermatology
Branch of medicine dealing with diagnosing and
treating skin diseases affecting the skin, hair and
nails
• Physiotherapy
Branch of medicine which uses a treatment method
that focuses on the science of movements and help
people to restore, maintain and maximize their
physical strength, function, motion and overall
well-being by addressing the underlying physical
issues