This document describes an eye monitored wheelchair controlled by head movements. A webcam is used to capture the user's eye movements which are processed using MATLAB to detect the direction of movement. MATLAB sends signals corresponding to the eye movements to a microcontroller over serial communication. The microcontroller controls DC motors through an motor driver IC to move the wheelchair in the desired direction based on the eye movement signals. The project aims to help quadriplegic people by enabling them to control a wheelchair using their ability to move their head and eyes.

1. EYE MONITORED WHEEL CHAIR
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
SRI R.V.SREEHARI M.E.,
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ,DEPT OF E.C.E
BATCH MEMBERS:
K Guru Prasad Reddy (129Y5A0410)
P Sudheer (119Y1A0479)
S Prasanna Kumar (119Y1A0492)
P Gopi (119Y1A0483)
G Sabareesh Goud (129Y5A0406)
KSRM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,KADAPA

2. CONTENTS:
1:INTRODUCTION
2:DESIGN OVERVIEW
3:SOFTWARE DESIGN
4:HARDWARE DESIGN
5:MECHANICAL DESIGN
6:TESTING AND RESULTS
7:CONCLUSIONS

3. INTRODUCTION:
 Many people are suffering from
quadriplegia around the world,
which affects their four limbs.
 So we made a project called eye
monitored wheel chair movement
which makes their life easy
 We take the advantage of their
ability to move their head.
 We use laptab webcam to
capture their head movements
by that the wheel chair can be
moved to desired direction.

4. DESIGN OVERVIEW:
• Eye detection can be done by MATLAB script which is running on the
laptab which has inbuilt webcam.
• MATLAB puts one digit like 0,1,2 on COM port based on the eye
movements
• ATMega 32A is used to drive motors as per user desire direction like
left,right,straight based on signals send by matlab

5. SOFTWARE DESIGN:
 Initialization of COM port for serial communication.
 Capturing of image for every 25th frame.
 Changing image from RGB to gray level and
enhancing the image.
 Detection of the person’s eye in image using viola-
jones algorithm.
 Detection of the eye movement by comparing the
present position of eye with previous position.
 Placing one digit data on the COM port based on the
eye movements.
(A) MATLAB COMPONENT

6.  Code developed in AVR
studio.
 Hex file generated using
AVR studio.
 Hex file dumped into
Microcontroller using
extreme burner software
(B) FIRMWARE DESIGN

7. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
(A)DESCRIPTION OF
MICRO CONTROLLER
ATMEGA 32A
• ATMega 32A is a 8-bit
microcontroller having 40
pins
• ATMega 32A has a 32
Programmable I/O Lines
• ATMega 32A has a
programmable USART
• ATMega 32A can operate
over 10,000
Flash/100,000 EEPROM
Write/Erase cycles.

8. (B) EXPLANATION OF USART:
 USART is acronym of Universal Synchronous/
Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter.
 It can be program as per our desire by setting
USART status and control registers.
 We use asynchronous mode and the BAUD rate
can be set to 9600 by using UBRR register.
 At receivng side UDR acts as dual buffer.
 USART can operate in receiving mode or
transmitting mode by enabling RXEN or TXEN of
USCRB register

9. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF USART

10. MECHANICAL DESIGN
 Metal Chassis – It is
flat metal body which
resembles wheel chair
 DC motors – Two DC
motors are used having
200 RPM
 Wheels – Two types of
wheels. One is castor
wheel and other is
plastic wheel(two
wheels)
WHEEL CHAIR PROTO TYPE

11. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
 Block diagram of project

12. (A) MICRO CONTROLLER-CP2102
INTERFACING

13. CP2102
 CP2102 is a interfacing device between computer
and microcontroller
 CP2102 carry one digit data put on COM port by
MATLAB using RS-232 standard
 It also converts RS-232 voltage levels into TTL
voltage levels
 CP2102 has RXD,TXD,DTR,VBUS,GND,3V3 pins

14. RS-232 STANDARD
 RS-232 standard has 1 start bit,8 data bits, 1 parity bit
and 1 or 2 stop bits
 RS-232 has +12v volts for logic 1 and -12v for logic 0

15. (B) MICROCONTROLLER – DC MOTORS
INTERFACE
 To interface MCU with
motors we use L293D
IC.
 Based on the input
data output pins are
enabled.
 Dc motors rotate based
on the logic levels at
IN1,IN2,IN3,IN4 of
L293D

16. LOGIC LEVELS AND WHEEL CHAIR
DIRECTION
 h

17. TESTING AND RESULTS
PROJECT KIT

18.  Testing strategy – x, y, length,
height of valid eye are
displayed on the debug
screen.
 Speed of execution – This is
the limitation of our project. We
can take image for every 15th
frame but cannot process at
that speed.
 Accuracy – can get almost
86% accuracy with coordinates
of eye that are set in threshold
limits

19. SAFETY FEATURES
 Controlled speed of detection and wheel chair drive.
 Eye height and width threshold.
 Controlled movement in either direction for limited time
period.
 Less jerk, by incorporating delay in the wheel chair drive.
 Halt control using blink detection.

20. CONCLUSION
 System functions at an accuracy of 70 – 90%.
 Person’s eye can easily detected by using viola- jones
algorithm without detecting of things mostly have face like
features.
• Lot of work needs to be done before making the product
commercially viable.
• Need to work on wheel chair movement when the person is just
casually glaring in different directions.
• We can incorporate certain sequences for turning ON and OFF
electrical devices or door locks.
• Lot of safety precautions need to be incorporated.
PERFORMANCE
FUTURE MODIFICATIONS

21. REFERENCES:
 1. S. Tameemsultana and N. Kali Saranya, “Implementation of Head and Finger
 Movement Based Automatic Wheel Chair”, Bonfring International Journal of Power
Systems
 and Integrated Circuits, vol. 1, Special Issue, pp 48-51, December 2011.
 2. Manuel Mazo, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Jose L, Lazaro, Jesus Urena, Juan C. Garcia,
 Enrique Santiso, Pedro Revenga and J. Jesus Garcia, “Wheelchair for Physically
Disabled
 People with Voice, Ultrasonic and Infrared Sensor Control “, Autonomous Robots, vol.2,
no.
 3, pp. 203-224 ,Sep 1995.
 3. Tabasum Shaikh, Naseem Farheen Sayyed, Shaheen Pathan, “Review of Multilevel
 Controlled Wheelchair”, 4th National Conference On Electronic Technologies, pp. 275-
 279, April 2013.
 4. Motor Controller circuitry –
 http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor controller
 5. Voila Jones Algorithm -
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola%E2%80%93Jones_object_detection_framework
 6. Cascade Object Detector –
 http://www.mathworks.com/help/vision/ref/vision.cascadeobjectdetector-class.html

22. THANK YOU

23. ANY QUIRIES ???