This document discusses different types of brain herniation seen on imaging. The most common types are subfalcine herniation and descending transtentorial herniation. Subfalcine herniation occurs when one hemisphere pushes across the midline under the falx cerebri. Descending transtentorial herniation occurs when the temporal lobe and hippocampus herniate through the tentorial incisura. Other types discussed include tonsillar herniation, ascending transtentorial herniation, and rare transdural herniations. Complications of herniations include hydrocephalus, nerve compression, and infarcts.
Objectives of this presentation are
Introduction to ct
Cross sectional anatomy
Common important pathologies
This presentation is aimed to educate beginers to help in ct interpretetion.
Cisterns of brain and its contents along with its classification and approach...Rajeev Bhandari
This presentation tell us about the basic of cistern , according to its classification both supra tentorial and infratentorial along with ventral and dorsal cistern. basically the cistern contains are well explained on this slide nerve , artery and vein. I hope it will help to rembember well about the contains of cistern and different location of cisterns.
Objectives of this presentation are
Introduction to ct
Cross sectional anatomy
Common important pathologies
This presentation is aimed to educate beginers to help in ct interpretetion.
Cisterns of brain and its contents along with its classification and approach...Rajeev Bhandari
This presentation tell us about the basic of cistern , according to its classification both supra tentorial and infratentorial along with ventral and dorsal cistern. basically the cistern contains are well explained on this slide nerve , artery and vein. I hope it will help to rembember well about the contains of cistern and different location of cisterns.
Full story brain herniation imaging Dr Ahmed EsawyAHMED ESAWY
Full story brain herniation imaging Dr Ahmed Esawy
include different cases for oral radiodiagnosis examination all over the world
CT /MRI Plain X ray images
I Supratentorial herniation
1-Cingulate (subfalcine/transfalcine)
2-Uncal (descending transtentorial herniation DTH)
3-Central (bilateral DTH)
4-Transcalvarial
5-Tectal (posterior)
II-Infratentorial herniation
1-Upward
(upward cerebellar or upward transtentorial)
2-Tonsillar (downward cerebellar
III-Sphenoid/alar herniation Transalar Herniation
Summary and illustrations of various traumatic brain injury including primary and secondary lesions as well as limited information on indications of brain imaging in trauma
In this presentation we will dscuss the imp imaging features of Posterior fossa tumors in pediatric age group.
Medulloblastoma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Ependymoma
Brainstem Glioma
Schwanoma
Meningioma
Epidermoid Cyst
Arachnoid Cyst
Full story brain herniation imaging Dr Ahmed EsawyAHMED ESAWY
Full story brain herniation imaging Dr Ahmed Esawy
include different cases for oral radiodiagnosis examination all over the world
CT /MRI Plain X ray images
I Supratentorial herniation
1-Cingulate (subfalcine/transfalcine)
2-Uncal (descending transtentorial herniation DTH)
3-Central (bilateral DTH)
4-Transcalvarial
5-Tectal (posterior)
II-Infratentorial herniation
1-Upward
(upward cerebellar or upward transtentorial)
2-Tonsillar (downward cerebellar
III-Sphenoid/alar herniation Transalar Herniation
Summary and illustrations of various traumatic brain injury including primary and secondary lesions as well as limited information on indications of brain imaging in trauma
In this presentation we will dscuss the imp imaging features of Posterior fossa tumors in pediatric age group.
Medulloblastoma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Ependymoma
Brainstem Glioma
Schwanoma
Meningioma
Epidermoid Cyst
Arachnoid Cyst
Head injury types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and managementVibha Amblihalli
I prepared this presentation for CME at 108 Emergency Services GVK-EMRI, Bangalore in January 2013. I kept it simple and concise as the CME was attended by EMTs too. Hope its of help to any medical professional out there.
The advent of MRI and identification of multiple pathological conditions lead to the development of radiological Diagnosis, that simply alter the management and treatment regime to the favorable outcome
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
6. Subfalcine herniation
•most common
•supratentorial mass in one hemicranium
•affected hemisphere pushes across the midline under the inferior "free" margin of the falx, extending into the contralateral hemicranium
7.
8.
9. Subfalcine herniation: imaging
Axial and coronal images show that
•cingulate gyrus
•anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
•internal cerebral vein (ICV)
are pushed from one side to the other under the falx cerebri.
The ipsilateral ventricle appears compressed and displaced across the midline
10.
11. Complications
•unilateral obstructive hydrocephalus
–foramen of Monro occlusion
•Periventricular hypodensity with "blurred" margins of the lateral ventricle
–Fluid accumulates in the periventricular white matter
12. Complications
•When severe, the herniating ACA can be pinned against the inferior "free" margin of the falx cerebri
secondary infarction of the cingulate gyrus
16. Descending transtentorial herniations
•the second most common
•a hemispheric mass
•initially produces subfalcine herniation
•As the mass effect increases, the uncus of the temporal lobe is pushed medially
begins to encroach on the suprasellar cistern
hippocampus follows
hippocampus effaces the ipsilateral quadrigeminal cistern
both the uncus and hippocampus herniate inferiorly through the tentorial incisura
20. unilateral DTH: imaging
early
uncus is displaced medially
Ipsilateral aspect of the suprasellar cistern effaced
Ipsilateral prepontine + cerebellopontine angle cistern enlarged
21.
22. Descending transtentorial herniation
As DTH increases
hippocampus also herniates medially
quadrigeminal cistern compression
midbrain pushed toward the opposite side of the incisura
23. Descending transtentorial herniation
severe cases
entire suprasellar and quadrigeminal cisterns are effaced.
The temporal horn can even be displaced almost into the midline
24.
25. bilateral DTH
both hemispheres become swollen
the whole central brain is flattened against the skull base
All the basal cisterns are obliterated
hypothalamus and optic chiasm are crushed against the sella turcica
26.
27.
28. Complete bilateral DTH
both temporal lobes herniate medially into the tentorial hiatus
midbrain and pons displaced inferiorly through the tentorial incisura
The angle between the midbrain and pons
is progressively reduced from 90° to almost 0°
29.
30. Complications
•CN III (oculomotor) nerve compression
–CN III palsy
•PCA occlusion as it passes back up over the medial edge of the tentorium
–secondary PCA (occipital) infarct
31.
32.
33. Kernohan notch
•As the herniating temporal lobe pushes the midbrain toward the opposite side of the incisura
–contralateral cerebral peduncle is forced against the hard edge of the tentorium
•Pressure ischemia ipsilateral hemiplegia
–the "false localizing" sign
34.
35.
36.
37. Duret hemorrhage
"Top-down" mass effect displaces the midbrain inferiorly
closes the midbrain-pontine angle
Perforating arteries from basilar artery
are compressed and buckled
secondary hemorrhagic midbrain infarct
40. hypothalamic and basal ganglia infarcts
complete bilateral DTH
perforating arteries from the circle of Willis compression against the central skull base
hypothalamic and basal ganglia infarcts
46. Tonsillar herniation
•The cerebellar tonsils are displaced inferiorly and become impacted into the foramen magnum.
•congenital (e.g., Chiari 1 malformation)
– mismatch between size and content of the posterior fossa
•Acquired
–an expanding posterior fossa mass pushing the tonsils downward—more common
–intracranial hypotension: abnormally low intraspinal CSF pressure
•tonsils are pulled downward
47. Tonsillar herniation: imaging
•Diagnosing tonsillar herniation on NECT scans may be problematic.
Cisterna magna obliteration
48.
49. Tonsillar herniation: imaging
•MR: much more easily diagnosed
•In the sagittal plane
–the tonsillar folia become vertically oriented
–the inferior aspect of the tonsils becomes pointed
–Tonsils > 5 mm (or 7 mm in children) below the foramen magnum are generally abnormal
•especially if they are peg-like or pointed (rather than rounded)
50. Tonsillar herniation: imaging
•In the axial plane, T2 scans show that the tonsils are impacted into the foramen magnum
–obliterating CSF in the cisterna magna
–displacing the medulla anteriorly
61. OTHER LESS COMMON HERNIATION: TRANSALAR TRANSDURAL/TRANSCRANIAL HERNIATIONS
62. Transalar Herniation
•brain herniates across the greater sphenoid wing (GSW) or "ala"
•ascending > descending
63. Ascending transalar herniation
•caused by a large middle cranial fossa mass
•An intratemporal or large extraaxial mass
Temporal lobe + sylvian fissure + MCA
up and over the greater sphenoid wing
64.
65.
66.
67. Descending transalar herniation
•caused by a large anterior cranial fossa mass
Gyrus rectus is forced posteroinferiorly over the GSW
displacing the sylvian fissure and shifting the MCA backward
71. Transdural/Transcranial Herniation
•MR best depicts these unusual herniations.
•The disrupted dura
–discontinuous black line on T2WI
–Brain tissue, blood vessels, and CSF, are extruded through the defects into the subgaleal space
80. References
•Osborn, Anne G. "Secondary Effects and Sequellae of CNS Trauma."Osborn's Brain: Imaging, Pathology, and Anatomy. Salt Lake City, UT: Amirsys Pub., 2013. N. pag. Print.
•Osborn, Anne G. "Cerebral Vasculature: Normal Anatomy and Pathology."Diagnostic Neuroradiology. St. Louis: Mosby, 1994. N. pag. Print.
•Kaewlai, R. Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury. 2013. Web.