The document discusses the arterial supply of the brain. It describes the major arteries originating from the aorta including the brachiocephalic artery, common carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and branches of these arteries. It discusses the segments and branches of the internal carotid artery as it passes through the cervical, petrous, cavernous, clinoid, and communicating segments. It also describes the circle of Willis and its variants. Key arteries discussed include the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries as well as the basilar and vertebral arteries.
Vascular brain anatomy for Radiology by Dr Soumitra HalderSoumitra Halder
The document provides an overview of cerebral arterial and venous anatomy. It discusses:
1) The anterior and posterior cerebral circulations, including the internal carotid artery (ICA) and its branches that form the anterior circulation, and the vertebrobasilar system that forms the posterior circulation.
2) The branches of major arteries like the external carotid, vertebral, and basilar arteries.
3) Anatomical variations that can be seen, like hypoplastic vessels, fenestrations, and duplications.
4) Venous anatomy, including the dural venous sinuses and cerebral veins.
This document provides an overview of normal variants and anatomy of the intracranial arteries, beginning with abbreviations used. It then describes the gross anatomy and specific segments of the internal carotid, basilar, vertebral, and posterior cerebral arteries. Vascular territories supplied by each artery are outlined. Finally, the document discusses normal variants and anomalies that can occur in the internal carotid artery anatomy. In particular, it notes that fenestration of the distal internal carotid artery is a rare finding associated with aneurysm formation. It also describes hyperplastic anterior choroidal arteries as a normal variant where the artery is enlarged beyond typical size.
Before embarking on an approach, the surgeon should be familiar with both the ventricular anatomy and the options for optimally Accessing lesions in third ventricle is a surgical challenge because of its difficult corridor as well as deeper location, need of neural incision, preservation of vascular, thalamus and hypothalamus and likely risk of fornix injury.
Interventional Neuroradiology: Anatomy of the internal carotid artery (ICA)Mohamed M.A. Zaitoun
The document discusses the anatomy of the internal carotid artery, including its cervical, petrous, and cavernous portions. It describes the variant known as the persistent stapedial artery, a rare congenital anomaly where the stapedial artery, normally present in fetal development, persists into postnatal life. This can be detected on imaging as a small vessel arising from the internal carotid artery and passing through the middle ear. Radiographic findings that suggest a persistent stapedial artery include an absent or hypoplastic foramen spinosum and an enlarged facial nerve canal.
The document summarizes the anatomy and contents of various brain cisterns. It describes the locations and structures contained within several major cisterns, including:
1) The cisterna magna, which contains the cerebellar medullary veins and lower cranial nerves.
2) The interpeduncular cistern, which is divided by membranes and contains the basilar artery, posterior cerebral arteries, and cranial nerves 3 and 6.
3) The ambient cistern, which surrounds the midbrain and contains the posterior cerebral artery and cranial nerve 4.
4) The suprasellar/chiasmatic cistern, located above the pituitary fossa,
The document describes the anatomy and course of the internal carotid artery (ICA). It discusses the anterior and posterior circulations fed by the ICA and vertebrobasilar trunk. Key points include the ICA coursing through the cavernous sinus and giving off branches like the ophthalmic artery. The posterior communicating artery connects the ICA to the vertebrobasilar system.
The document discusses the anatomy of cerebral veins and its application in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). It begins with an overview of the anatomy of cerebral veins, including superficial cerebral veins that drain the cortical surfaces and deep cerebral veins that drain deep white and gray matter. It then discusses dural sinuses and veins that receive cerebral veins, such as the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, straight sinus, transverse sinus, and cavernous sinus. The document then covers CVT epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment, focusing on puerperal CVT specifically. Puerperal CVT is more common in India than Western countries and its incidence has decreased in recent decades due to improved obst
Vascular brain anatomy for Radiology by Dr Soumitra HalderSoumitra Halder
The document provides an overview of cerebral arterial and venous anatomy. It discusses:
1) The anterior and posterior cerebral circulations, including the internal carotid artery (ICA) and its branches that form the anterior circulation, and the vertebrobasilar system that forms the posterior circulation.
2) The branches of major arteries like the external carotid, vertebral, and basilar arteries.
3) Anatomical variations that can be seen, like hypoplastic vessels, fenestrations, and duplications.
4) Venous anatomy, including the dural venous sinuses and cerebral veins.
This document provides an overview of normal variants and anatomy of the intracranial arteries, beginning with abbreviations used. It then describes the gross anatomy and specific segments of the internal carotid, basilar, vertebral, and posterior cerebral arteries. Vascular territories supplied by each artery are outlined. Finally, the document discusses normal variants and anomalies that can occur in the internal carotid artery anatomy. In particular, it notes that fenestration of the distal internal carotid artery is a rare finding associated with aneurysm formation. It also describes hyperplastic anterior choroidal arteries as a normal variant where the artery is enlarged beyond typical size.
Before embarking on an approach, the surgeon should be familiar with both the ventricular anatomy and the options for optimally Accessing lesions in third ventricle is a surgical challenge because of its difficult corridor as well as deeper location, need of neural incision, preservation of vascular, thalamus and hypothalamus and likely risk of fornix injury.
Interventional Neuroradiology: Anatomy of the internal carotid artery (ICA)Mohamed M.A. Zaitoun
The document discusses the anatomy of the internal carotid artery, including its cervical, petrous, and cavernous portions. It describes the variant known as the persistent stapedial artery, a rare congenital anomaly where the stapedial artery, normally present in fetal development, persists into postnatal life. This can be detected on imaging as a small vessel arising from the internal carotid artery and passing through the middle ear. Radiographic findings that suggest a persistent stapedial artery include an absent or hypoplastic foramen spinosum and an enlarged facial nerve canal.
The document summarizes the anatomy and contents of various brain cisterns. It describes the locations and structures contained within several major cisterns, including:
1) The cisterna magna, which contains the cerebellar medullary veins and lower cranial nerves.
2) The interpeduncular cistern, which is divided by membranes and contains the basilar artery, posterior cerebral arteries, and cranial nerves 3 and 6.
3) The ambient cistern, which surrounds the midbrain and contains the posterior cerebral artery and cranial nerve 4.
4) The suprasellar/chiasmatic cistern, located above the pituitary fossa,
The document describes the anatomy and course of the internal carotid artery (ICA). It discusses the anterior and posterior circulations fed by the ICA and vertebrobasilar trunk. Key points include the ICA coursing through the cavernous sinus and giving off branches like the ophthalmic artery. The posterior communicating artery connects the ICA to the vertebrobasilar system.
The document discusses the anatomy of cerebral veins and its application in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). It begins with an overview of the anatomy of cerebral veins, including superficial cerebral veins that drain the cortical surfaces and deep cerebral veins that drain deep white and gray matter. It then discusses dural sinuses and veins that receive cerebral veins, such as the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, straight sinus, transverse sinus, and cavernous sinus. The document then covers CVT epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment, focusing on puerperal CVT specifically. Puerperal CVT is more common in India than Western countries and its incidence has decreased in recent decades due to improved obst
The brain receives its blood supply from two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries. These vessels anastomose at the base of the brain to form the Circle of Willis. The internal carotid artery gives off branches that supply the anterior circulation, including the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. The vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery, which supplies the posterior circulation via the posterior cerebral artery. Venous drainage follows complex patterns into dural sinuses and cerebral veins before emptying into the internal jugular veins.
This document discusses neuro-otological aspects of cerebellopontine angle tumors. It begins by describing the anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle and internal acoustic meatus. It then covers the neurophysiology of hearing and vestibular function, as well as common cerebellopontine angle masses like vestibular schwannoma. The clinical presentation, investigations including tuning fork tests, caloric testing, and imaging are discussed. Specific tests like Rinne's test and auditory brainstem response are also summarized.
This document discusses the anatomy and surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus region. It begins with a detailed overview of the surgical anatomy, including bony, dural, venous, neural, and arterial relationships. It then describes several surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus, including the pterional craniotomy with extradural and intradural approaches, anterolateral temporopolar transcavernous approaches, lateral approaches to the posterior cavernous sinus, and extended middle fossa approaches. Technical considerations for tumor resection and hemostasis within the cavernous sinus are also reviewed.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis.Abdellah Nazeer
This document provides an anatomical review of the cerebral venous system and discusses radiological imaging techniques for diagnosing cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). It describes the normal anatomy of cerebral veins and venous sinuses that drain blood from the brain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are effective noninvasive methods for identifying CVT. Direct signs on imaging include visualizing thrombus as hyperdense on CT or hyperintense on MRI. Indirect signs include edema, infarction, hemorrhage, and collateral vessel formation caused by venous outflow obstruction from thrombus.
Brain stem surgical anatomy and approachesKode Sashanka
This document discusses the surgical anatomy and safe entry zones of the brain stem for tumor removal. It describes the anatomy of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Several safe entry zones are outlined for each region, including the anterior mesencephalic zone and intercollicular region for the midbrain, the peritrigeminal and supratrigeminal zones for the pons, and the anterolateral sulcus and posterior median sulcus for the medulla. The document also reviews important tenets of brainstem surgery, such as using the two-point method, lighted bipolar cautery, autolock systems, and careful preservation of venous anatomy.
4 th ventricle- Anatomical and surgical perspectivesuresh Bishokarma
4th ventricle connects the entire ventricular system of brain. Its connection with cisterns magna and cerebella pontine cistern via foramen of magenta and Luschka. CSF absorbs into the arachnoid granulation.
Brain vascular anatomy with MRA and MRI correlationArif S
This document provides an overview of the vascular anatomy of the brain. It discusses the arterial supply, venous drainage, and dural venous sinuses of the brain. For arterial supply, it describes the anterior and posterior circulations, including the internal carotid, vertebral, basilar, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior cerebral arteries. It also discusses branches and territories of these vessels. For venous drainage, it outlines the internal cerebral veins and external cerebral veins, as well as dural venous sinuses such as the superior sagittal sinus. Watershed zones and vascular territories on cross sections are also depicted.
This document provides information on the ventricular system of the brain. It describes the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. It discusses the relations, choroid plexuses, and radiological appearance of each part of the ventricular system. Radiological features on plain X-rays, CT, and MRI are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the various basal cisterns in the brain. It defines a cistern as a widening of the subarachnoid space created by the separation of the pia and arachnoid membranes. It then proceeds to describe the key cisterns in both supra- and infratentorial regions, including their anatomical locations and the structures that pass through each cistern. Examples of pathologies that can involve the cisterns are also briefly mentioned.
The internal carotid artery has 7 segments from its origin to termination. The cervical segment passes through the carotid sheath alongside nerves before entering the carotid canal in the petrous bone. The petrous segment loops within the temporal bone. The lacerum segment passes over the foramen lacerum. The cavernous segment passes through the cavernous sinus. The clinoid and ophthalmic segments are intradural before the communicating segment joins the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The carotid siphon refers to the cavernous and intracranial portions that form an S-shape.
Cisterns of brain and its contents along with its classification and approach...Rajeev Bhandari
This presentation tell us about the basic of cistern , according to its classification both supra tentorial and infratentorial along with ventral and dorsal cistern. basically the cistern contains are well explained on this slide nerve , artery and vein. I hope it will help to rembember well about the contains of cistern and different location of cisterns.
The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) arises from the basilar artery near the intersection with the posterior communicating artery. It has four segments - P1, P2, P3, P4 - and supplies blood to the midbrain, thalamus, occipital and temporal lobes. Lesions of the PCA can cause visual field defects, contralateral sensory loss, and deficits depending on whether the central or cortical branches are involved. Strokes of the PCA are clinically significant as they can result in conditions like homonymous hemianopia, memory defects, and complex visual hallucinations.
Arterial and venous supply of brain part2 Sameeha Khan
1. The document describes the anatomy and branches of the major cerebral arteries including the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries.
2. It discusses the typical branching patterns and territories supplied by each artery and their segments.
3. Variations in arterial anatomy are also summarized such as fenestrations, duplications, hypoplasia.
imaging and anatomy of blood supply of brainSunil Kumar
The summary provides an overview of the arterial supply of the brain in 3 sentences:
The brain receives its arterial blood supply from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. The internal carotid arteries give rise to branches that supply the anterior circulation including the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. These arteries anastomose at the circle of Willis and give off numerous smaller branches to perfuse the brain.
The document discusses various surgical approaches to the temporal bone, including:
1. The anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior boundaries of the temporal bone.
2. Ten triangles of the temporal bone - four in the cavernous sinus and six in the middle fossa.
3. The Kawase vs modified Dolenc-Kawase approach - which differs in the drilling sequence and angle of approach.
4. Several cranial fossa approaches - simple middle cranial fossa, anterior petrosectomy, extended middle fossa, presigmoid, and various modifications.
5. Anatomic landmarks and surgical techniques for the postauricular transtemporal, combined presigmoid
RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF BRAINMohammad Naufal
1. The arterial supply of the brain comes from the internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries, which form the circle of Willis at the base of the brain.
2. The main branches of the vertebral arteries include the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior spinal arteries. The vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery.
3. The internal carotid artery gives off branches that include the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and anterior choroidal artery. These arteries supply different regions of the brain.
4. The circle of Willis is formed by the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries connecting the left and right internal carotid and basilar arteries, allowing for collateral blood flow in case of arterial occlusion.
Surgical approach to thalamus explained in details their surgical anatomy and lesion, Preop post op results with different surgical approach for thalamic lesions
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical approaches to it. It begins with a brief historical review of discoveries about the ventricles from ancient Greek physicians to the 20th century. It then describes in detail the structures that make up the walls, roof, and floor of the third ventricle. Finally, it discusses various surgical approaches such as transcortical, transcallosal, and endoscopic approaches as well as complications that can occur. The key information provided is the detailed anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical techniques for accessing it.
Vascular structure thorax and abdomen. Almas khan Khorfakkhan hospital sharj...almasmkm
This document provides an overview of the vascular structures in the thorax and abdomen. It begins with an introduction to the circulatory system and its components. It then describes the major arteries, veins, and vascular territories in detail for both the thorax and abdomen. This includes the branches of the aorta, inferior vena cava, and hepatic portal system. The document concludes with a brief discussion of CT angiography and its use in evaluating the vasculature.
This document summarizes the pathogenesis and treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, a childhood hip condition caused by interrupted blood supply to the femoral head. The disease leads to bone death and deformity of the femoral head. Treatment options are controversial but generally involve either nonoperative casting or operative procedures like osteotomies, depending on the age, stage of disease, and extent of involvement. Current evidence suggests operative treatments may slightly increase the chance of a spherical femoral head developing, but the effect is modest and more research is still needed to develop more effective therapies.
The brain receives its blood supply from two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries. These vessels anastomose at the base of the brain to form the Circle of Willis. The internal carotid artery gives off branches that supply the anterior circulation, including the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. The vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery, which supplies the posterior circulation via the posterior cerebral artery. Venous drainage follows complex patterns into dural sinuses and cerebral veins before emptying into the internal jugular veins.
This document discusses neuro-otological aspects of cerebellopontine angle tumors. It begins by describing the anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle and internal acoustic meatus. It then covers the neurophysiology of hearing and vestibular function, as well as common cerebellopontine angle masses like vestibular schwannoma. The clinical presentation, investigations including tuning fork tests, caloric testing, and imaging are discussed. Specific tests like Rinne's test and auditory brainstem response are also summarized.
This document discusses the anatomy and surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus region. It begins with a detailed overview of the surgical anatomy, including bony, dural, venous, neural, and arterial relationships. It then describes several surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus, including the pterional craniotomy with extradural and intradural approaches, anterolateral temporopolar transcavernous approaches, lateral approaches to the posterior cavernous sinus, and extended middle fossa approaches. Technical considerations for tumor resection and hemostasis within the cavernous sinus are also reviewed.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis.Abdellah Nazeer
This document provides an anatomical review of the cerebral venous system and discusses radiological imaging techniques for diagnosing cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). It describes the normal anatomy of cerebral veins and venous sinuses that drain blood from the brain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are effective noninvasive methods for identifying CVT. Direct signs on imaging include visualizing thrombus as hyperdense on CT or hyperintense on MRI. Indirect signs include edema, infarction, hemorrhage, and collateral vessel formation caused by venous outflow obstruction from thrombus.
Brain stem surgical anatomy and approachesKode Sashanka
This document discusses the surgical anatomy and safe entry zones of the brain stem for tumor removal. It describes the anatomy of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Several safe entry zones are outlined for each region, including the anterior mesencephalic zone and intercollicular region for the midbrain, the peritrigeminal and supratrigeminal zones for the pons, and the anterolateral sulcus and posterior median sulcus for the medulla. The document also reviews important tenets of brainstem surgery, such as using the two-point method, lighted bipolar cautery, autolock systems, and careful preservation of venous anatomy.
4 th ventricle- Anatomical and surgical perspectivesuresh Bishokarma
4th ventricle connects the entire ventricular system of brain. Its connection with cisterns magna and cerebella pontine cistern via foramen of magenta and Luschka. CSF absorbs into the arachnoid granulation.
Brain vascular anatomy with MRA and MRI correlationArif S
This document provides an overview of the vascular anatomy of the brain. It discusses the arterial supply, venous drainage, and dural venous sinuses of the brain. For arterial supply, it describes the anterior and posterior circulations, including the internal carotid, vertebral, basilar, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior cerebral arteries. It also discusses branches and territories of these vessels. For venous drainage, it outlines the internal cerebral veins and external cerebral veins, as well as dural venous sinuses such as the superior sagittal sinus. Watershed zones and vascular territories on cross sections are also depicted.
This document provides information on the ventricular system of the brain. It describes the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. It discusses the relations, choroid plexuses, and radiological appearance of each part of the ventricular system. Radiological features on plain X-rays, CT, and MRI are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the various basal cisterns in the brain. It defines a cistern as a widening of the subarachnoid space created by the separation of the pia and arachnoid membranes. It then proceeds to describe the key cisterns in both supra- and infratentorial regions, including their anatomical locations and the structures that pass through each cistern. Examples of pathologies that can involve the cisterns are also briefly mentioned.
The internal carotid artery has 7 segments from its origin to termination. The cervical segment passes through the carotid sheath alongside nerves before entering the carotid canal in the petrous bone. The petrous segment loops within the temporal bone. The lacerum segment passes over the foramen lacerum. The cavernous segment passes through the cavernous sinus. The clinoid and ophthalmic segments are intradural before the communicating segment joins the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The carotid siphon refers to the cavernous and intracranial portions that form an S-shape.
Cisterns of brain and its contents along with its classification and approach...Rajeev Bhandari
This presentation tell us about the basic of cistern , according to its classification both supra tentorial and infratentorial along with ventral and dorsal cistern. basically the cistern contains are well explained on this slide nerve , artery and vein. I hope it will help to rembember well about the contains of cistern and different location of cisterns.
The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) arises from the basilar artery near the intersection with the posterior communicating artery. It has four segments - P1, P2, P3, P4 - and supplies blood to the midbrain, thalamus, occipital and temporal lobes. Lesions of the PCA can cause visual field defects, contralateral sensory loss, and deficits depending on whether the central or cortical branches are involved. Strokes of the PCA are clinically significant as they can result in conditions like homonymous hemianopia, memory defects, and complex visual hallucinations.
Arterial and venous supply of brain part2 Sameeha Khan
1. The document describes the anatomy and branches of the major cerebral arteries including the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries.
2. It discusses the typical branching patterns and territories supplied by each artery and their segments.
3. Variations in arterial anatomy are also summarized such as fenestrations, duplications, hypoplasia.
imaging and anatomy of blood supply of brainSunil Kumar
The summary provides an overview of the arterial supply of the brain in 3 sentences:
The brain receives its arterial blood supply from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. The internal carotid arteries give rise to branches that supply the anterior circulation including the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. These arteries anastomose at the circle of Willis and give off numerous smaller branches to perfuse the brain.
The document discusses various surgical approaches to the temporal bone, including:
1. The anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior boundaries of the temporal bone.
2. Ten triangles of the temporal bone - four in the cavernous sinus and six in the middle fossa.
3. The Kawase vs modified Dolenc-Kawase approach - which differs in the drilling sequence and angle of approach.
4. Several cranial fossa approaches - simple middle cranial fossa, anterior petrosectomy, extended middle fossa, presigmoid, and various modifications.
5. Anatomic landmarks and surgical techniques for the postauricular transtemporal, combined presigmoid
RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF BRAINMohammad Naufal
1. The arterial supply of the brain comes from the internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries, which form the circle of Willis at the base of the brain.
2. The main branches of the vertebral arteries include the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior spinal arteries. The vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery.
3. The internal carotid artery gives off branches that include the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and anterior choroidal artery. These arteries supply different regions of the brain.
4. The circle of Willis is formed by the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries connecting the left and right internal carotid and basilar arteries, allowing for collateral blood flow in case of arterial occlusion.
Surgical approach to thalamus explained in details their surgical anatomy and lesion, Preop post op results with different surgical approach for thalamic lesions
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical approaches to it. It begins with a brief historical review of discoveries about the ventricles from ancient Greek physicians to the 20th century. It then describes in detail the structures that make up the walls, roof, and floor of the third ventricle. Finally, it discusses various surgical approaches such as transcortical, transcallosal, and endoscopic approaches as well as complications that can occur. The key information provided is the detailed anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical techniques for accessing it.
Vascular structure thorax and abdomen. Almas khan Khorfakkhan hospital sharj...almasmkm
This document provides an overview of the vascular structures in the thorax and abdomen. It begins with an introduction to the circulatory system and its components. It then describes the major arteries, veins, and vascular territories in detail for both the thorax and abdomen. This includes the branches of the aorta, inferior vena cava, and hepatic portal system. The document concludes with a brief discussion of CT angiography and its use in evaluating the vasculature.
This document summarizes the pathogenesis and treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, a childhood hip condition caused by interrupted blood supply to the femoral head. The disease leads to bone death and deformity of the femoral head. Treatment options are controversial but generally involve either nonoperative casting or operative procedures like osteotomies, depending on the age, stage of disease, and extent of involvement. Current evidence suggests operative treatments may slightly increase the chance of a spherical femoral head developing, but the effect is modest and more research is still needed to develop more effective therapies.
The axilla is the space between the upper arm and chest wall. It is bounded by the clavicle, first rib, and scapula. The axilla contains the axillary artery and vein, brachial plexus nerves, lymph nodes, and loose connective tissue. The brachial plexus is formed by the union of cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves and provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb. Injuries to different parts of the brachial plexus can result in specific neuropathies like Erb's palsy or Klumpke's palsy, characterized by weakness or paralysis of certain muscles.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological vascular anatomy of the upper and lower limbs.Abdellah Nazeer
The document describes the arterial and venous anatomy of the upper and lower limbs. It begins by outlining the arterial supply to the upper limb, starting from the subclavian artery and its branches. It then discusses the arteries of the forearm, hand, and veins of the upper limb. For the lower limb, it discusses the femoral artery and its branches that supply the thigh as well as the arteries of the leg. It includes diagrams to illustrate the key structures and their relationships. CT, MR, and conventional angiography images are also provided to demonstrate the vascular anatomy.
The document summarizes the major arteries of the upper limbs, including the axillary artery and its branches (thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, circumflex humeral arteries), brachial artery and its branches (profunda brachii, ulnar collateral arteries), and the terminal branches - radial and ulnar arteries. It describes the course and branches of each artery as they supply structures in the arm, forearm, and hand.
The document summarizes the arterial supply of the upper limb. It begins with the subclavian artery becoming the axillary artery after crossing the first rib, and the axillary artery becoming the brachial artery after crossing the posterior axillary fold. The brachial artery then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries distal to the elbow. It provides details on the branches and course of these main arteries supplying the upper limb.
The document summarizes the branches of the abdominal aorta. It describes the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery as the three anterior branches that arise from the abdominal aorta and supply the gastrointestinal viscera. The celiac trunk divides into the left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery. The superior mesenteric artery has five branches including the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery and jejunal/ileal arteries. The inferior mesenteric artery has three branches including the left colic artery and sigmoid arteries.
The document describes the anatomy of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck. It details the bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves and other structures found in each triangle. Key structures mentioned include the cervical vertebrae, carotid artery, thyroid gland, larynx, and various nerves such as the hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerves. The triangles described are the submandibular, submental and carotid triangles located in the anterior neck region.
radiology Arterial and venous supply of brain neuroimaging part 1Sameeha Khan
The document discusses the anatomy and imaging of cerebral vasculature. It begins by covering the major vessels arising from the aortic arch, including the brachiocephalic trunk, right and left common carotid arteries, and right subclavian artery. It then details the branches and course of the external carotid artery. The remainder discusses the segments and branches of the internal carotid artery as it passes through the petrous, cavernous, and supraclinoid regions. Key branches include the ophthalmic artery and inferior hypophyseal artery. Various angiographic views and MRI/CT techniques for visualizing these vessels are also summarized.
The document discusses vascular anatomy of the brain. It notes that 18% of total blood volume circulates through the brain, which accounts for 2% of body weight. Loss of consciousness occurs within 15 seconds and irreversible brain damage within 5 minutes if blood flow to the brain stops. It then describes the various arteries that supply the brain, including the carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and branches within the brain. It provides details on imaging techniques used to evaluate the vasculature such as angiography, CTA, MRA. Overall, the document provides an overview of the anatomy and imaging of brain vasculature.
This document provides an overview of angiography and the course of blood vessels supplying the brain. It describes the aortic arch and its branches, as well as the internal carotid artery in detail. The internal carotid artery is discussed in segments from the cervical segment through the cavernous segment. Common variants and anomalies are described for various segments including the persistent trigeminal artery originating from the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery.
This document discusses cerebral blood flow, its autoregulation, clinical relevance, and the role of collaterals in ischemic stroke. It begins with an overview of cerebral blood supply and drainage, then describes the autoregulation mechanism and its importance. It also discusses cerebral collaterals and their significance in acute ischemic stroke. The majority of the document provides detailed descriptions of the anatomy of cerebral arteries, veins, and sinuses. It explains factors that regulate cerebral blood flow and perfusion pressure, including metabolism, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and autoregulation.
The brain receives its blood supply from two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries. These vessels anastomose to form the circle of Willis at the base of the brain. The internal carotid artery gives off branches that supply the anterior circulation, including the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. The vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery, which supplies the posterior circulation via branches such as the posterior cerebral artery. Various arteries anastomose to provide collateral circulation. Venous drainage involves superficial and deep veins that drain primarily into the dural venous sinuses.
This document discusses the vascular anatomy of the head, including the common carotid artery, external carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and their branches. It provides details on the origin, course, branches, and key relationships of these arteries. The internal carotid artery is discussed in particular depth, outlining its 7 segments and typical branches within the cervical, petrous, lacerum, cavernous, clinoid, ophthalmic, and communicating segments. Key anatomy and variations are highlighted throughout.
1. The cerebral vasculature includes the internal carotid and vertebral arteries which supply blood to the brain. Venous drainage occurs through dural sinuses and cerebral veins.
2. The Circle of Willis is a major vascular structure that connects the arteries of the brain. It includes components like the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries.
3. Imaging techniques used to evaluate the cerebral vasculature include conventional angiography, CT angiography, MR angiography, ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography. Each has advantages and disadvantages for assessing the anatomy and identifying abnormalities.
This document outlines the arterial and venous circulation of the brain. It describes various imaging techniques used to visualize vascular anatomy, including CT angiography. It then details the segments and branches of the major arteries, including the internal carotid, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, vertebral and basilar arteries. It discusses the circle of Willis and its role in connecting the anterior and posterior circulations. Finally, it briefly outlines the dural venous sinuses and cerebral veins that make up the venous drainage of the brain.
It's helpful in understanding various aspects of revascularization procedures, with good illustrations, easy to learn, no complexity, easy language, conclusion added, short descriptions
Radiologic Anatomy of the Blood Supply to the Brain.pptxWilliamsMusa1
The document summarizes the radiologic anatomy of the arterial blood supply to the brain using various imaging modalities. It describes the relevant gross anatomy of the major cerebral arteries, including branches and segments. MR angiography is discussed as the preferred noninvasive method for evaluating the cerebral vasculature. CT angiography and conventional angiography provide detailed images but are more invasive. Ultrasound can also be used to image intracranial vessels through various acoustic windows. Variations in anatomy, such as those seen in the circle of Willis, are commonly observed.
The document summarizes the anatomy and branches of the major cerebral arteries, including:
1. The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) originates from the internal carotid artery and gives off branches that supply the medial surface of the hemispheres.
2. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) arises from the internal carotid artery, branches into M1, M2 and M3 segments to supply the lateral surface of the hemispheres.
3. The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) originates from the basilar artery and circles the midbrain to give off branches that supply the occipital and temporal lobes.
This document provides an overview of cerebral vascular anatomy, including the major arteries supplying blood to the brain. It describes the internal carotid artery and its segments. It then discusses the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries, their segments, and key branches. The document also reviews the posterior circulation, including the vertebral artery, basilar artery, and posterior cerebral artery. Finally, it briefly mentions venous drainage from the brain.
This document provides an overview of brain anatomy and vascular supply. It begins by describing the protective coverings, brain parenchyma structures, and vascular anatomy. It then discusses the arterial supply in more detail, covering the territories of the internal carotid, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, anterior choroidal, vertebrobasilar, posterior cerebral, and circle of Willis arteries. It also reviews the vascular territories of the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum/brainstem, and basal ganglia/internal capsule. Finally, it discusses watershed areas and their appearance on neuroimaging.
Cerebral aneurysms arise from focal degeneration of arterial walls. The most common type is saccular aneurysms, which protrude from arterial bifurcations and lack an internal elastic lamina. Aneurysms can present with subarachnoid hemorrhage, cranial nerve palsy, headache or seizures. Imaging plays a key role in diagnosing aneurysms and evaluating risks. Computed tomography best identifies acute subarachnoid hemorrhage but may miss small bleeds. Catheter angiography remains the gold standard for precise aneurysm characterization to guide treatment.
This document provides an overview of the normal anatomy and variants of intracranial arteries, with a focus on the internal carotid artery. It describes the typical course and branches of the internal carotid artery and its major divisions including the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. Various anatomical variants are also discussed, such as fenestrations, hyperplastic anterior choroidal arteries, fetal-type posterior cerebral arteries, posterior communicating artery infundibula, and persistent carotid-basilar anastomoses like the trigeminal artery. Clinical correlations including aneurysm formation and hemorrhagic risk are also mentioned.
The document summarizes the major arteries of the head and neck, including their embryological development, course, branches, and clinical significance. It describes the carotid system, internal carotid artery, and external carotid artery in detail. Key branches discussed include the superior thyroid, lingual, facial, and maxillary arteries. Variations in artery origins are also noted.
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The document discusses the layers, blood supply, nerve supply and chambers of the heart. It describes the pericardium, coronary circulation and cardiac conducting system including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundles and Purkinje fibers. Key structures of the heart mentioned are the right and left atria and ventricles, valves including the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral and aortic valves.
The document discusses the anatomy of the heart and surrounding structures. It describes the layers of the pericardium, arterial supply and venous drainage. It then summarizes the layers of the heart, cardiac chambers, valves and conducting system. Finally, it discusses the coronary circulation including the arteries, veins and areas supplied.
The document summarizes the blood supply of the brain. It begins by noting the brain's high metabolic demands and sensitivity to hypoxia. It then discusses the various arterial systems that supply the brain, including the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, as well as the arterial circle of Willis. It provides details on the territories supplied by the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. It also briefly discusses the venous drainage of the brain and blood-brain barrier.
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This document discusses various types of vascular malformations. It begins by describing malformations with arteriovenous shunts, including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF), and pial arteriovenous fistulas. It then discusses malformations without shunts such as cavernous malformations, venous malformations, capillary telangiectasia, and Moyamoya disease. The document provides details on the characteristics, presentation, evaluation and treatment of different types of vascular malformations.
Intracranial lipomas are abnormal fatty deposits that result from abnormal embryonic development of the meninx primitiva. They are commonly associated with abnormalities in adjacent brain structures. Intracranial lipomas most often occur in the pericallosal region and are associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum. MRI is used to identify lipomas, which appear as high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images and lose signal on fat-suppressed sequences, confirming their fatty composition.
1. The document discusses various congenital brain malformations including cephaloceles, holoprosencephaly, Dandy-Walker malformation, corpus callosum abnormalities, focal cortical dysplasias, tuberous sclerosis, lissencephaly, heterotopias, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, and myelination disorders.
2. Key imaging features of these conditions are described including characteristics seen on MRI and CT such as ventricular abnormalities, cortical malformations, white matter changes, and patterns of abnormal myelination.
3. The document emphasizes differential diagnosis of similar appearing conditions and notes that serial imaging may be needed to distinguish delayed myelination from hypomyelination.
This document contains summaries of multiple MRI scans showing normal cervical spine anatomy and various cervical spine injuries. The scans show things like normal ligaments, a left alar ligament tear, occipitoatlantal dislocation, types of dens fractures, burst fractures of C4 and C7, disk extrusion injuries of C5-6 and C6-7 with ligament tears, and a hyperextension injury with disk protrusion and ligament tearing. The scans were used to diagnose and guide treatment for injuries sustained in falls, crashes, and other accidents.
This document discusses spinal trauma, with a focus on cervical spine injuries. It provides details on:
- Epidemiology of spinal cord injuries and common causes
- Imaging techniques used to evaluate spinal trauma, including radiography, CT, MRI
- Clinical criteria like NEXUS and Canadian C-Spine Rule that can determine if imaging is needed
- Differences in cervical spine injuries between age groups and considerations for imaging children
- Types of fractures more common in the elderly
- Using CT to evaluate the thoracolumbar spine
- Advantages and limitations of various imaging modalities and techniques
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
12. 2. Left common carotid
• Аортын нумын гарах 2-р салаа
15.Left common
carotid
Common carotid artery
хүзүүний C3-C6 түвшинд
external ба internal болж сална.
43. Axial CT
Posterior genu as it courses
anteromedially into the
cavernous sinus
ICA courses along the bony
grooves of carotid sulcus
along the basisphenoid
bone
• Throu cavernous sinus proper turns superiorly
• Form grooves under anterior clinoid process
• Anterior genu of ICA .
• Curve upwards towards dural ring
• Enter subarchnoid space
Posterior genu
Carotid sulcus
Anterior genu
58. Within suprasellar cistern under optic tract
Posteromedially around temporal lobe uncus
Cisternal Course :
Intraventricular course:
AChA angles sharply laterally
Enters choroidal fissure of temporal bone
Abrupt kink – plexal point
AChA-origin few mms above PCoA
Cisternal segment
Intraventricular segment
Anterior choroidal artery
59. Цжсан хангамж
Choroidal plexus of lateral ventricle (
temporal horn and atrium )
Optic tract and cerebral peduncle
Uncal and parahippocampal gyri of
temporal lobe .
Thalamus and posterior limb of internal
capsule.
AP mid arterial DSA
AP Late arterial DSAMRA lateral view
Choriodal
blush
61. Circle of willis- circulus arteriosus
2ICAs
Horizontal segment A1
of both ACAs
2 Posterior
communicating arteries
Anterior
communicating artery
Horizontal segment P1
of both PCA s
Basilar artery
62. Холбогдсон артериуд
Байрлал- их тархины
доод гадаргууд,
Харааны мэдрэлийн
зөрлөгийн орчимд
Anterior
circulation
2 B/L ICAs
2ACAs
Unpaired ACoA
anteriorly
Posterior
circulation
Basilar bifurcation
from merged VAs
2PCAs from BAs
B/L PCoAs
64. Виллисын цагираг-г шинжлэх аргууд
Cerebral
angiography-
single injection
Contrast enhanced
CT – maximum
intensity
projection
Invasive MRA- time of flight
sequence with
multiple
overlapping thin
slab technique
Transcranial
Doppler
ultrasound
Non
invasive
65. COW – салаанууд
• Medial lenticulostriate arteries
• Recurrent artery of HeubnerACAs
• Perforating branches – hypothalamus , optic
chiasma , cingulate gyrus , corpus callosum , fornix
• Large vessel – median artery of corpus callosum
arises from ACoA
ACoA
• Anterior thalamoperforating arteriesPCoA
• Posterior thalamoperforating arteries
• Thalamogeniculate arteries
Basilar artery,
PCAs
Цусан
хангамж-
1.Optic
chiasma and
tracts
2.Infundibulum
3.Hypothalam
us
4.Тархин
ы суурь
66. Variants -COW
Complete COW –only 20 –
25%
Posterior circle anomalies –
50% anatomy specimens
Common variants
•Hypoplasia of 1 or both PCoA
– 34%
•Fetal origin of PCA from ICA
67. •Hypoplasia or absent A1 ACA
segment.
•Absent , duplicate or
multichannel ACoA – 10-15%
Variants - COW
72. Recurrent Artery of Heubner
• Largest of the perforating
branches.
• May arise from A1 or A2
segment.
• A1 – 44%
• Proximal A2 – 50%
• ACoA – less common
• Derives its name from the
fact that it doubles back on
its parent artery at an acute
angle to join lenticulostriate
vessel.
• Lies parallel to A1.
73. A2 segment- Interhemispheric segment
From ACoA junction
Ascend in front of 3rd ventricle in cistern
of lamina terminalis
br –Orbitofrontal, frontopolar
Curves around corpus callosum genu
gives terminal branches
A2 terminal
branches-
Pericollasal
Collasomarginal
74. Cortical A3 segment
• Supply the anterior 2/3rds
of medial hemispheric
surface + small superior
area over the convexities.
• Callosomarginal a.– lies in
cingulate gyrus supplies
medial frontal lobe
79. Azygous ACA – solitary unpaired vessel
Single trunk from confluence of A1 segments of right n left ACAs- supplies
both hemispheres .
Assc with lobar holoprosencephaly, saccular aneursym
80. • Normally A1
segment runs
over the optic
nerve.
• Here it runs
below the optic
nerve.
• Assc with
aneurysms .
• Recognised
before
surgeries.
Infraoptic origin of ACA
81. Variable branches to C/L
hemisphere.
Separate right n left ACA.
1 ACA is dominant than
other and it sends branches
to other hemisphere.
Other ACA is hypoplastic –
terminate as orbitofrontal
or frontopolar branch.
Bihemispheric ACA
82. Middle cerebral artery
M1 horizontal
Origin -Laterally from ICA
bifurcation
Till its bi/trifurcation at sylvian
fissure.
Br – Lateral Lenticulostriate
branch course superiorly
Anterior temporal artery
Supplies-Lentiform nucleus
Part of IC , caudate nucleus
M2 insular
At its genu divides
into branches
Loop over insula pass
laterally to exit from
sylvian fissure
M3 opercular
Emerge from
sylvian fissure
Ramify over
hemispheric surface
Supplies –cerebral
cortex and white
matter
90. Lateral Lenticulostriate Artery
• Origin - M1
• Supplies –
• Part of head and
body of caudate
• Globus pallidus
• Putamen
• Posterior limb of
internal capsule
104. Variant – PCA
• Fetal origin of PCA from ICA instead of basilar – 15- 20 %
• Carotid basilar anastomosis – supply PCA via trigeminal artery or
other persistent channels
105. Vertebral artery
V1 Courses –Cephalad to enter
transverse foramina at C6
Ascend directly to C2 (V2)
Turns laterally and superiorly thro
C1 vertebral foramina
Looping posteriorly along atlas V3
extraspinal
Each VA passes superomedially
thro foramen magnum
In Posterior fossa
anterior to medulla (intradural )
VAs unite to form basilar artery
From subclavian arteries
Left VA dominant 50%
106. Extracranial VA branches
1. V1-Small segmental spinal/
meningeal/ muscular
branches.
2. V2- Anterior Meningeal
artery , muscular branches.
3. V3 -Posterior Meningeal
artery
– Courses along posterior arch
of atlas.
– Supplies falx cerebri
– Variant – origin from ECA /
PICA.
– Greatly enlarged with
vascular malformations and
neoplasms
Posterior meningeal artery
107. Intracranial VA branches
Vertebral artery
Anterior spinal artery
Joins ASA from opposite VA
along anteromedial sulcus of cervical
cord.
Medial medullary syndrome
Posterior inferior cerebellar
artery
Arises from distal VA
Lateral medullary syndrome
112. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
• Front of medullaAnterior medullary segment
• Along side of medulla caudally to level of CN 9-11Lateral medullary segment
• Around inferior half of cerebellar tonsilTonsilomedullary segment
• Cleft btw tela choridae and inferior medullary velum rostrally
and superior pole of tonsil caudallyTelovelotonsillar segment
Cortical / hemispheric
segment
123. Basilar artery
Right and left VA s
unite – BA
Course cephalad in front of
pons
Pontine cistern in the
space delineated by
lateral margin of clivus
and dorsum sellae
Terminates in
interpeduncular cistern
Divides into PCAs
•Average length – 3 cm
•Width 1.5- 4 mm
•Diameter <4.5 mm
124. BA - Branches
1. AICA – Anterior Inferior
Cerebellar Artery
– 1st major branch.
– Posterior laterally in
cerebellopontine angle cistern
toward the internal auditory canal.
Here typically anteroinferior to facial
and vestibulocochlear nerve.
– Few mms from origin AICA crossed
by abducens nerve.
– Supplies-
• Nerves
• Inferolateral pons
• Middle cerebellar peduncle
• Flocculus
• Anterolateral cerebelllar hemisphere
125. BA –branches
2. SCA- Superior Cerebellar Artery
–
– Arises from BA apex.
– Posterolaterally around Pons and
mesencephalon below tentorial
incisura and CNS 3 n 4.
– Supplies –
• Superior surface of vermis n
cerebellar hemisphere.
• Deep cerebellar white matter.
• Dentate nucleus.
• Perforating branches – short n
long segment
• BA – terminates into PCA s