The brain controls the body's functions through the nervous system. The brain is made up of neurons and is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The cerebrum controls senses and movement and is divided into four lobes - occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal. The cerebellum controls balance and coordination. The brainstem regulates vital functions. The nervous system has two parts - the central nervous system of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system of nerves. The central nervous system processes information and the peripheral nervous system connects to sensors and organs.
lecture 4 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes about 15 major brain areas, anatomical terminology, brain imaging procedures (CT, MRI, EEG, PET)
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lecture 5 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes Golgi, Cajal, parts of the neuron, action potentials, synapse, neurotransmitters, agonist, antagonist, parts of the nervous system
This slide talks about neuroplasticity, the central nervous system, the brain and its structure, the spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, its functions, nervous system and learning, neurotransmitters, working of neurotransmitters, classification, types of neurotransmitters, neurotransmitters in learning and limbic system in learning.
Components of the Nervous System, Various Parts of the Brain, Sulci, Gyri and Fissures, Cerebral Hemispheres, Various lobes in the Brain, Cerebellum, Brainstem.
The nervous system is the body's main communication system; it gathers, synthesizes, and uses data from the environment. The most basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which serves as both a sensor and communicator of internal and external stimuli.
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This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
3. Brain and nervous system
Brain is like a computer that
controls the body’s functions, and
the nervous system is like a
network that relays massage to
parts of the body. Brain is made up
of millions and millions of nerve
cells called neurons.
4. Brain:
The brain is the part of
the central nervous system
located in the skull. It
controls the mental
process and physical
actions of human being.
6. 1: Cerebrum:
The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of
the human brain. The cerebrum control the touch,
vision and other senses. The cerebrum is divided
into four sections, called “Lobes”.
1: Occipital Lobe
2: Temporal Lobe
3: Parietal Lobe
4: Frontal Lobe
7.
8. 1: Occipital Lobe:
Associated with visual
processing. It is located on the
back of the head, and is involved
in processing visual information,
such as shape, color and motion.
Damage: If this lobe is damage
causes cross-Eyeing.
9. 2: Temporal Lobe
Associated with perception and
recognition of auditory stimuli, memory,
and speech. It is located on the top of the
ear, and is involved in hearing language
processing and memory.
Damage: If this lobe is damage, memory
cannot recover. Just old storage no we can
new information store. Just like damage to
the hippocampus.
10. 3: Parietal Lobe
Associated with movement,,
recognition, perception of stimuli ,
memory & speech. It is located top
of the head and involved in touch,
pain, smell, size, shape, color and
motor movement.
Damage: If damaging this lobe,
causes of speech disorder.
11. 4: Frontal Lobe
Associated with reasoning, planning, parts
of speech, movement, emotions, and
problem solving. The frontal lobe, located
at the front of the brain. It is controls
important cognitive skills in humans, such
as emotional expression, problem solving,
memory, language, judgment, and sexual
behavior.
Damage: If injury of brain the frontal lobe
damage, personality change, aggressive
behavior is causes of this.
12. 2: Cerebellum
The cerebellum is another section of the
brain. The cerebellum helps control balance
and coordination. Cerebellum play a role in
the learning of procedural memory, motor
learning. It is located back of the ear.
Damage:
Difficult with hand writing.
Cannot copy correctly from the board.
Falls out of others.
13. 3: Brain Stem
A brain stem is responsible
for the most basic function
of life. It controls digestion,
breathing, and heartbeat. It is
sensitive part of our body.
14. Continue…….
The brain stem recovers function (for
example: if swelling goes down following
an injury), than the person can recover the
ability to breath on their own. But if the
damage is permanent and the brain stem
cannot recover there’s nothing to do but
take the person off life support because
they will never recover consciousness &
never be able to breath on their own.
15.
16. What is the nervous system?
Nervous system is the
control and communication
system of the body. Its job is
to send and receive
massages. Nervous system
controls all your thoughts
and movements.
17. Parts of the nervous system
1: Central nervous system
2: peripheral nervous system
20. Central nervous system
The central nervous
system (CNS) is the
part of the nervous
system consisting of
the brain and spinal
cord.
21. Central Nervous System:
Brain
The brain is the major functional unit
of the central nervous system. The
brain is the control center of the body.
There are three main brain divisions:
The Forebrain
The Midbrain
The Hindbrain
22.
23. Forebrain
The forebrain is the
largest part of the
brain. Its two major
component are the
Telencephalon and the
Diencephalon.
24. Telencephalon
The anterior portion of the
forebrain, constituting the
cerebral hemispheres and
related parts. Also called
endbrain.
26. Cerebral Cortex
The cerebral cortex is the
outer covering of gray matter
over the hemispheres. The
cerebral cortex plays a key
role in memory, attention,
perception, thought,
language, and consciousness.
27. Basal Ganglia
The basal ganglia Involved in
cognition and voluntary movement,
routine behaviors or "habits" such as
teeth grinding, eye movements and
emotion.
Diseases related to damages of this
area are Parkinson's and Huntington's.
29. Diencephalon
The Diencephalon is situated
b/w the telencephalon and the
mesencephalon; its two most
important structure are:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
30. Thalamus
The thalamus is a structure
within the brain stem that
receives sensory information
from the nervous system and
passes the information to the
cerebral cortex and other parts of
the brain. It works including
consciousness, sleep, and sensory
interpretation.
31. Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus controls
motivated behavior by
regulating the release of
hormones from the pituitary
gland. It is responsible for the
four Function’s: Fighting,
fleeing, feeding and sex.
32. Mid Brain
The mesencephalon or midbrain is the
portion of the brainstem that connects
the hindbrain and the forebrain. A major
function of the midbrain is to aid in
movement as well as visual and auditory
processing.
It has two principals:
Tectum
Tegmentum
33. Tectum
The tectum (Latin: roof) is a
region of the brain. The tectum
is responsible for vision and
hearing processes.
34. Tegmentum
The tegmentum (from
Latin for "covering") is a
general area within the
brainstem. The tegmentum
controlling eye movements.
37. Cerebellum
The “cauliflower” piece
in the back of the brain
that is responsible for
sensorimotor function
(the part that helps
regulate posture, balance,
and coordination).
38. Pons
The pons is a portion of the
hindbrain. The pons is involved in several
functions of the body including:
Autonomic Function: Breathing Regulation
Sleep
Injury to the pons may result in sleep
disturbances, sensory problems, and coma.
39. Myelencephalon:
The myelencephalon contains
one major structure, the
medulla Oblongata; usually just
called the medulla. This
structure is most caudal portion
of the brain stem; it’s lower
border is the rostral end of the
spinal cord.
40. Spinal cord
The spinal cord, running almost
the full length of the back, carries
information between the brain and
body.
Along its length, it connects with
the nerves of the PNS that run in
from the skin, muscles and joints.
41. Peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is
the part of the nervous system that
consists of the nerves and ganglia outside
of the brain and spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system:
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
42. Somatic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System is the part of
the peripheral nerves system and
controls skeletal muscle as well as
external sensory organs.
43. Autonomic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system is the
part of the peripheral nerves system, and
controls body function, such as blood
flow, heart beat, digestion and breathing.
This system divided into two parts:
Sympathetic Nerves System
Parasympathetic Nerves System
44. Sympathetic Nerves System
The sympathetic system is
activated during a “fight or
flight” situation in which great
mental stress or physical danger
is encountered
