This document discusses variable-form carrier-based pulse width modulation (VFCB PWM) technique for a boost voltage motor driver with a charge-pump (CP) circuit. The VFCB PWM technique uses two triangular carriers and a variable carrier dependent on voltage commands. It is employed over space vector modulation due to faster processing and less harmonic distortion. The document outlines the objectives, introduction, literature review, block diagram, operation modes of the CP circuit, zero sequence signal injection, use of electronic double layer capacitors, 5-level inverter, switching modes, benefits of permanent magnet synchronous motors, conventional driver circuit diagram, VFCB PWM block diagram, carrier waveforms, command signals, simulation block diagram, and conclusions.

1. Variable-Form Carrier-Based PWM
GUIDE:- Mr SRIKANTH.V
RINOSH KOSHY (P2PR15020)
POWER AND ENERGY
M.TECH

2. Objectives
• To decrease the size and
weight of the driver by
implementing EDLC
module in place of
inductors.
• This work is for developing a new technics in
the field of electrical vehicles.
• Conventional Driver with
a chopper circuit is
replaced by Motor driver
with CP circuit for higher
efficiencies.

3. INTRODUCTION
• This work presents a variable-form carrier-based (VFCB)
pulsewidth modulation (PWM) technique that can be
applied to boost motor driver with cp circuit.
• VFCB pulse width Modulation tecnhique is employed
over Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique due to
faster processing time and less harmonic distortion in the
output voltage.
• This technique has two triangular carriers and a variable-
form carrier that is dependent on the voltage command
signals.

4. literature review
TITLE NAME
AUTHER AND
PUBLICATION
THEMES
Variable-Form Carrier-
Based PWM for Boost-
Voltage Motor Driver
With a Charge-Pump
Circui
Hirokazu Matsumoto, Member,
IEEE, Yasuhiko Neba, Member,
IEEE, and Hiroyuki Asahara,
Member, IEEE,IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.
Develop a new pwm
tenchnic for improving
electrical vehical
efficiencies comparing with
svm pwm.
Analysis and
realization of a pulse
width modulator based
on voltage space
vectorss
H. W. Broeck, H. C.
Skudelny, and G.
StankeIEEE Trans.Ind.
The switching times are
deducted from
assumptions for
minimum current
distortion
A boost driver with an
improved chargepump
circuit
H. Matsumoto and Y.
NebaIEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron.
Develop a new circuit by
replacing choooper circuit
in the motor driver.

5. KEYWORDS
• Boost voltage motor driver
1. 3 level inverter
2. Charge pump
• zero sequence signal
• ELDC

6. Block diagram
SPEED
CONTROLLER
CURRENT
CONTROLLER
PMSM
CHARGE
PUMP
INVERTER
zss
dq/3phase
DC
SOURCE
SPEED(N)
Nref
dq/3phase
iu,iv,iw
λ

7. Boost voltage motor drive
• Motor drive inverter capable of boosting voltage
which are used in electrical vehicals such as
electric cars, trams etc.
• Boost voltage motor drivers offers an effective
and highly responsive motor drive.
• They can acclerate or decelarate motor rapidly.
• Early rectifier (chopper circuit) are used but it
has great cost and big size because it consist of
power device, current sensors and complicated
circuit.
• ELDC replace rectifiers.

8. Boost voltage motor drive
• It has complex circuit and no improvement
in power factor.
• 3 mode of operations are
1) initial charge mode
2) driving charge mode
3) regenerative charge mode

9. Charge pump
• A charge pump is a kind of dc-dc
converter that uses capacitors as energy
storage elements to create either a higher
or lower voltage power source.
• It consist of a 4 switches, antiparallel
diodes,capacitor (which is charge by Vcp).
• ELDC are the capacitor which are used in
charge pump.

10. CP Circuit daigram

11. Operation mode CP circuit
• To perform driver
circuit sucessfully the
voltage of chargr
pump circuit have to
maintain constant.
• 3 modes of
operations are to be
followed to maintain
contant voltage
MODE Vdc
State of
switch
1 Vdc - Vcp
S1&S2 ON
S3#S4 OFF
2 Vdc
S1&S2 ON
S3&S4 OFF
OR
S1&S2 OFF
S3&S4 ON
3 Vdc+Vcp
S2&S3 ON
S1&S4 OFF

12. ZERO SEQUENCE SIGNAL
• The injection of the zero sequence carrier can easily be
implemented and it does not perturb the current control.
• The proper zero-sequence signal could obviously reduce or even
eliminate the common-mode voltage , it also effectively suppress
the NP (neutral-point) ripple in multi-level inverter.
• The distortion that the inverter has on the injected carrier signal can
be readily compensated
• The use of the zero sequence carrier signal voltage for rotor position
estimation of induction machines.
• Zero sequence carrier signal voltage techniques were initially
proposed for flux angle estimation and only recently have been
proposed for rotor position estimation .

13. EDLC
• Electronic double layer capacitor
• Used as a capcitor Ccp.
• Can be counted as a storage capacity of
vehicles.
• Supercapacitors are used in applications
requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles
rather than long term compact energy storage:
within cars, buses, trains, cranes and elevators,
where they are used for regenerative braking
• Depending on the operation mode of the CP
circuit, the energy changes in Ccp.

14. EDLC specification
ELDC modules Inductor
Values 3.13F 3.08mH at 60 Hz
rating 40v 15 amp
size (108*105*43)mm (96*112*114)mm
mass 0.42 kg 4.18 kg
dc resistance 0.34 ohm 0.031 ohm
remark 16 EDLC in series laminated iron core

15. 5 level inverter
• 5 level inverter increase the output voltage to 3 level
magnitude
OPERATION MODE OF 5 LEVEL INVERTER
0-60 1 0 0 0 0 1
60-120 1 1 0 0 0 0
120-180 0 1 1 0 0 0
180-240 0 0 1 1 0 0
240-300 0 0 0 1 1 0
300-360 0 0 0 0 1 1

16. Switching Mode of Operation
S1/Sup S2/Swn S3/Svp S4/Sun S5/Swp S6/Svn
VO 0 1 0 1 0 1
V7 1 1 1 0 0 0
V1H,V1L,V1M 1 1 0 0 0 1
V2H,V2L,V2M 1 1 1 0 0 0
V3H,V3L,V3M 0 1 1 1 0 0
V4H,V4L,V4M 0 0 1 1 1 0
V5H,V5L,V5M 0 0 0 1 1 1
V6H,V6L,V6M 1 0 0 0 1 1

17. Why PMSM?
BENEFIT
BRUSHED DC
BLDC MOTOR PMSM
IM
•Good
controllability
•Linear torque
current curve
•Low torque
ripple
•High power
density and
torque to inertia
ratio
•Good heat
dissipation
•Good
overloading
capability
•Smooth torque
possible
•high efficiency
high torque
•high pull-out
torque
•good heat
dissipation
•good
ovrloading
capability
•Excellent
dynamic ith
proper control
•high speed
opration
possible
•Low price and
simple
construction
•durable
•Several
suppliers
available

18. Conventional driver

19. CIRCUIT DAIGRAM

20. CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
• Charge pump
• PMSM(representing electrical vehicals)
• 3 level Inverter
• ELDC

21. BLOCK DIAGRM VFCB
SPEED
CONTROLLER
CURRENT
CONTROLLER
dq/3phase
current
zss
VFCB
PWM
dq/3phase
voltage
i*q v*d,v*q λ
iu,iv,iwid,iq
• =normalizer
• ZSS = Zero sequence signal
λ
N
Nref
inverter
cp
circuit
CPS
H
VV
V
+
=
2
λ
ϕωω
ω
edaeq
a
aq
qaed
a
ad
iLi
dt
dL
Rv
iLi
dt
dL
Rv
+++=
−+=
)(
)(

22. waveform

23. Variations of the VFCB PWM
CONDITION SLOPE
CP
MODE
VARIATION 1
V*max < Carrier1 +-4VL/Tc 1
Carrier 1=<V*max=<carrier
2
+-4VM/Tc 2
Carrier 2 =< V*max +-4VH/Tc 3
VARIATION 2
V*max< carrier 2 +-4VM/Tc 2
carrier 2 =< V*max +-4VH/Tc 3
VARIATION 3 any value of V*max +-4VH/Tc 3
cpSScpSHML VVVVVVVV +−= ::::

24. motor specification
parameters value
inductance(La) 2.0mH
RATED OUTPUT 400W
POLE PAIRS(p) 4
rated speed 3000rpm/314.26 rad per sec
rated d-q axis current 9.35 A
flux linkage 0.0342 Wb
resistance (Ra) 0.40 ohm
MOMENT OF INRTIA,(J) 0.34*10^-4 kgm^2

25. Formula
qm ipT φ=
Lm TT
dt
dN
J −=
∏
60
2
• Tm=torque of motor • J=inertia of rotor and load
• Tm=torque of motor
• TL=Torque of load

26. carrier wave

27. carrier wave generator

28. Command signal

29. Simulatio block

30. Conclusion
• Use of two triangular carriers and VF carrier that is depend on
command signals and generate signals for the switches of the
iverter and CP circuit.
• PWM is further improved by ZSS injection.
• Driver with the CP circuit can reduse the voltage impressed to
the switches so there is decrease in switching loss.
• VFCB PWM which can increse control frequency and
switching frequency which is suitable for driver with CP
circuit.

31. REFERENCES
• "Variable-Form Carrier-Based PWM for Boost-Voltage Motor Driver With a
Charge-Pump Circuit" Hirokazu Matsumoto, Member, IEEE, Yasuhiko Neba,
Member, IEEE, and Hiroyuki Asahara, Member, IEEE,IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 62, NO. 8,
AUGUST 2015
• , “Analysis and realization of a pulse width modulator based on voltage space
vectors,” H. W. Broeck, H. C. Skudelny, and G. StankeIEEE Trans.Ind.
Appl., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 142–150, Jan./Feb. 1988
• , “A boost driver with an improved chargepump circuit,” H. Matsumoto and Y.
NebaIEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3178–3191,Jul. 2014
• "Objective optimisation for multilevel neutral-point-clamped converters with
zero-sequence signal control"X. Yuan Y. Li C. Wang National Key
Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

32. THANK YOU