This document discusses the importance of blood cultures for diagnosing bloodborne pathogens and the need for optimal blood collection and culture methods. It outlines the current process for blood culture collection and identifies areas for improvement, including faster detection times and greater automation. New technologies like the BacT/AlerT 3D culture system aim to continuously monitor blood cultures and detect pathogens more quickly through non-invasive means.
The document provides guidelines for collecting blood cultures to detect bloodstream infections. It states that blood cultures should only be collected when there is a clinical indication of sepsis based on symptoms such as fever, tachycardia, or confusion. It emphasizes the importance of following proper technique to minimize contamination, including cleaning the skin with chlorhexidine, collecting cultures through a newly inserted needle before other blood draws, and clearly labelling the sample source. The document also provides step-by-step instructions for collecting both peripheral blood cultures and cultures from central venous access devices.
This document provides guidelines for the collection, transport, and storage of various clinical specimens. It discusses appropriate containers, collection methods, transportation times and conditions, and criteria for rejection of specimens for different sample types including respiratory, ear, eye, body fluids, and others. Proper collection and rapid transport of quality specimens is emphasized as critical for generating accurate laboratory results.
Specimen collection for clinical microbiology laboratorySITI HAWA HAMZAH
The document discusses guidelines for proper specimen collection for clinical microbiology laboratories. It emphasizes that specimen quality is critical for accurate laboratory diagnosis and interpretation. Specimens should be collected aseptically according to standardized procedures and transported promptly to the laboratory. Specific collection details are provided for various specimen types, including blood, urine, sputum and tissues. Adherence to these specimen collection protocols helps ensure microbiology testing provides meaningful and reliable results.
Blood cultures are used to detect infections in the bloodstream. It is a critical test where blood is injected into bottles containing culture media to grow any microorganisms present. It is important to collect blood cultures properly using sterile technique to avoid contamination. The optimal method is to draw at least 10ml of blood from a vein and inject equal amounts into aerobic and anaerobic bottles. It is also important to label the cultures properly and provide relevant patient information.
This document discusses the processing and examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in a medical laboratory to diagnose bacterial or fungal meningitis. It describes the procedures for receiving, labeling, logging, and rejecting CSF specimens. The document outlines microscopic examination and culture techniques for the first day of processing to look for pathogens, including making Gram stains of purulent CSF and culturing all CSF samples. It also provides information on possible bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral causes of meningitis.
The document provides guidelines for collecting blood cultures to detect bloodstream infections. It states that blood cultures should only be collected when there is a clinical indication of sepsis based on symptoms such as fever, tachycardia, or confusion. It emphasizes the importance of following proper technique to minimize contamination, including cleaning the skin with chlorhexidine, collecting cultures through a newly inserted needle before other blood draws, and clearly labelling the sample source. The document also provides step-by-step instructions for collecting both peripheral blood cultures and cultures from central venous access devices.
This document provides guidelines for the collection, transport, and storage of various clinical specimens. It discusses appropriate containers, collection methods, transportation times and conditions, and criteria for rejection of specimens for different sample types including respiratory, ear, eye, body fluids, and others. Proper collection and rapid transport of quality specimens is emphasized as critical for generating accurate laboratory results.
Specimen collection for clinical microbiology laboratorySITI HAWA HAMZAH
The document discusses guidelines for proper specimen collection for clinical microbiology laboratories. It emphasizes that specimen quality is critical for accurate laboratory diagnosis and interpretation. Specimens should be collected aseptically according to standardized procedures and transported promptly to the laboratory. Specific collection details are provided for various specimen types, including blood, urine, sputum and tissues. Adherence to these specimen collection protocols helps ensure microbiology testing provides meaningful and reliable results.
Blood cultures are used to detect infections in the bloodstream. It is a critical test where blood is injected into bottles containing culture media to grow any microorganisms present. It is important to collect blood cultures properly using sterile technique to avoid contamination. The optimal method is to draw at least 10ml of blood from a vein and inject equal amounts into aerobic and anaerobic bottles. It is also important to label the cultures properly and provide relevant patient information.
This document discusses the processing and examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in a medical laboratory to diagnose bacterial or fungal meningitis. It describes the procedures for receiving, labeling, logging, and rejecting CSF specimens. The document outlines microscopic examination and culture techniques for the first day of processing to look for pathogens, including making Gram stains of purulent CSF and culturing all CSF samples. It also provides information on possible bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral causes of meningitis.
The document discusses urine culture testing to diagnose urinary tract infections. It describes how urine samples are collected and tested, including microscopy and culturing of urine to identify bacteria. A positive urine culture finding of ≥105 CFU/ml indicates a urinary tract infection. Urine cultures are also used to screen pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria and to diagnose some sexually transmitted diseases or mycobacterial infections of the urinary tract.
This document summarizes guidelines for examining various body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, and semen. For cerebrospinal fluid, normal volumes and cell counts are provided. Guidelines are given for collection into tubes and microscopic examination, including normal cell differentials. Similar information is provided for examining pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, and semen, including gross appearance, cell counts, differentials, and factors that affect analysis.
This document provides information about blood culture procedures. It defines blood culture and different types of bacteremia. Common organisms isolated from blood cultures are discussed. Proper collection of blood culture samples is important, including collecting the appropriate amount of blood from veins or catheters. Multiple blood cultures may increase the sensitivity of detection. Samples should be incubated aerobically and anaerobically so that a variety of organisms can be grown. Following proper collection and incubation procedures can help identify the causative microorganism in cases of bacteremia, fungemia or sepsis.
The document discusses sputum examination and sputum smear microscopy. Sputum is mucus coughed up from the lower airways that is used for microbiological and cytological investigations of respiratory infections and systems. A good sputum sample is purulent with white blood cells, debris and viscous liquid. Sputum collection and smearing procedures are outlined as well as staining techniques like fluorescent staining for acid-fast bacilli examination to detect infections like tuberculosis. The standard operating procedure for sputum smear microscopy and common bacteria detected from cultures are also summarized.
1. Blood collection requires precautions to avoid self-infection, transmission of bloodborne infections, and misleading test results. Proper handwashing, use of protective gloves, disinfection of collection sites, and safe disposal of sharps are important.
2. Venous blood is most often collected from the antecubital area by needle puncture of a vein. Capillary blood can be collected from the fingertip or heelprick in infants and those with fragile veins.
3. The document provides guidance on blood collection procedures, sites for different types of blood samples, risks, anticoagulants, and causes of misleading test results related to specimen collection.
This document provides guidelines for collecting and transporting various clinical specimens for microbiological testing. Key points discussed include using properly labelled containers, collecting adequate sample volumes, avoiding contamination, and transporting specimens to the laboratory within 2 hours. Specimen collection procedures are described for various types of samples including blood, body fluids, cerebrospinal fluid, respiratory samples, and others. Transport involves using triple packaging and maintaining appropriate temperatures and conditions until the specimens can be processed in the laboratory.
This document discusses the collection and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in medical laboratories. It provides details on:
- The normal anatomy and functions of CSF in circulating around the brain and spinal cord.
- The process of lumbar puncture to collect CSF samples, including positioning, needle insertion, and potential risks.
- Tests performed on CSF in the laboratory to examine factors like glucose, protein levels, cell counts and microbiological analysis to investigate conditions like infections, inflammation or tumors.
1. The document discusses the procedures for examining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in a medical laboratory, including gram staining, cell counting, and culture. Gram staining should be performed first to detect the presence of bacteria or yeast. A cell count is also required to determine the type and number of white blood cells present. CSF samples showing signs of infection based on gram stain or cell count should be cultured. The goal is to rapidly diagnose conditions like bacterial or fungal meningitis.
This document discusses guidelines and best practices for collecting blood samples for culturing. It emphasizes that strict aseptic technique is essential to avoid contamination. Key recommendations include using trained phlebotomists, sterile single-use equipment, effective antiseptic agents with sufficient contact time on the skin, and obtaining blood cultures from a newly inserted venipuncture rather than an existing intravenous catheter. Adhering closely to protocols can help reduce the high rates of contaminated blood cultures and provide accurate diagnostic information for clinicians.
This document provides an overview of sputum examination, including indications, sample collection and transport, and various analysis methods. Physical examination can provide clues to underlying conditions. Microbiological examination includes gram stain to identify organisms, culture and sensitivity testing, and specialized staining techniques to identify acid-fast bacilli (AFB) like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecular diagnostic methods like PCR can also detect pathogens. Cytological examination examines sputum for malignant cells and is most effective for centrally located lung cancers. A variety of specialized tests can identify other infectious organisms in sputum.
The document discusses ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), a blood test used to detect antibodies. There are several types of ELISA that detect antibodies through an antigen-antibody reaction, with detection via an enzyme conjugate. ELISA can detect antibodies related to HIV, Lyme disease, syphilis, and other infectious diseases. The test involves drawing blood, linking an antigen to an enzyme, and detecting if the sample causes a color change indicating the presence of antibodies. The document also discusses the VDRL test, a non-treponemal test for syphilis detection that detects antibodies reaction to cardiolipin antigen.
In this PPT I have explained processing of sputum sample step by step, first I have discussed about different methods of sputum sample collection and then also discussed about different criteria of sputum sample rejection after gram stain .
in this PPT we will learn better about six different criteria of sputum sample rejection . In case of tuberculosis what is the criteria of sputum sample collection and processing also have been covered in this PPT.
I hope it will be helpful for you
thank you so much
Blood can be obtained through venous or capillary puncture for laboratory testing. Venous puncture from the median cubital vein is preferred as it provides a large, undiluted sample for many tests. The procedure involves selecting and cleaning the vein site, inserting the needle at a 30-35 degree angle, collecting blood in an anticoagulant tube, and applying pressure to stop bleeding. Capillary puncture from the finger or heel is an alternative for small volume tests, but carries a higher risk of erroneous results due to dilution or contamination of the sample. Proper patient identification, aseptic technique, and disposal of sharps are important to perform both procedures safely.
The document discusses the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a common medical test used to detect inflammation. It defines ESR as the rate at which red blood cells settle in one hour and notes it is indicative of inflammation. The document also describes factors that increase and decrease ESR, different methods for measuring ESR including the Westergren method, and limitations of ESR as a non-specific test that cannot diagnose disease on its own.
The presentation summarises important methods and protocols of Clinical Microbiology. It may be useful to learners of Clinical microbiology at the undergraduate label. The presentation describes the procedures for collecting clinical samples, transport, and testing. It also describes the different methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and standards.
Collection, transport & storage of clinical specimensDolatsinh Zala
The document provides guidelines for safely collecting, transporting, and storing clinical specimens. It recommends using personal protective equipment like gloves and lab coats during collection. Specimens should be placed in leakproof containers and transported quickly in dedicated transport bags or autoclaved before disposal. For transport over long distances, specimens must be packaged in a triple container system with absorbent material to contain any leaks. Proper storage conditions are also outlined depending on the specific test or specimen type.
The document describes the procedure for performing an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test using citrated plasma. The test involves incubating plasma with brain extract, kaolin, and calcium chloride before measuring the clotting time. Prolonged APTT results indicate deficiencies in the intrinsic coagulation pathway, such as issues with factors VIII, IX, XI, or XIII; liver disease; vitamin K deficiency; or disseminated intravascular coagulation.
The lecture is a simple one describing the various methods that could be applied in small microbiology laboratories where the automated systems are lacking.
The document discusses the history and increasing importance of automation in microbiology laboratories, particularly for blood cultures, noting that traditional culture methods can take 72 hours for results while rapid automated methods are needed to identify pathogens faster to guide antibiotic treatment for infections like sepsis. It also outlines the steps involved in optimal blood collection for cultures, including patient preparation, materials, and techniques to maximize success in collecting pediatric samples.
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases dr.ihsan alsaimarydr.Ihsan alsaimary
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases
dr. ihsan alsaimary
university of basrah - college of medicine- DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
POBOX 696 ASHAR
BASRAH 42001
IRAQ
The document discusses urine culture testing to diagnose urinary tract infections. It describes how urine samples are collected and tested, including microscopy and culturing of urine to identify bacteria. A positive urine culture finding of ≥105 CFU/ml indicates a urinary tract infection. Urine cultures are also used to screen pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria and to diagnose some sexually transmitted diseases or mycobacterial infections of the urinary tract.
This document summarizes guidelines for examining various body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, and semen. For cerebrospinal fluid, normal volumes and cell counts are provided. Guidelines are given for collection into tubes and microscopic examination, including normal cell differentials. Similar information is provided for examining pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, and semen, including gross appearance, cell counts, differentials, and factors that affect analysis.
This document provides information about blood culture procedures. It defines blood culture and different types of bacteremia. Common organisms isolated from blood cultures are discussed. Proper collection of blood culture samples is important, including collecting the appropriate amount of blood from veins or catheters. Multiple blood cultures may increase the sensitivity of detection. Samples should be incubated aerobically and anaerobically so that a variety of organisms can be grown. Following proper collection and incubation procedures can help identify the causative microorganism in cases of bacteremia, fungemia or sepsis.
The document discusses sputum examination and sputum smear microscopy. Sputum is mucus coughed up from the lower airways that is used for microbiological and cytological investigations of respiratory infections and systems. A good sputum sample is purulent with white blood cells, debris and viscous liquid. Sputum collection and smearing procedures are outlined as well as staining techniques like fluorescent staining for acid-fast bacilli examination to detect infections like tuberculosis. The standard operating procedure for sputum smear microscopy and common bacteria detected from cultures are also summarized.
1. Blood collection requires precautions to avoid self-infection, transmission of bloodborne infections, and misleading test results. Proper handwashing, use of protective gloves, disinfection of collection sites, and safe disposal of sharps are important.
2. Venous blood is most often collected from the antecubital area by needle puncture of a vein. Capillary blood can be collected from the fingertip or heelprick in infants and those with fragile veins.
3. The document provides guidance on blood collection procedures, sites for different types of blood samples, risks, anticoagulants, and causes of misleading test results related to specimen collection.
This document provides guidelines for collecting and transporting various clinical specimens for microbiological testing. Key points discussed include using properly labelled containers, collecting adequate sample volumes, avoiding contamination, and transporting specimens to the laboratory within 2 hours. Specimen collection procedures are described for various types of samples including blood, body fluids, cerebrospinal fluid, respiratory samples, and others. Transport involves using triple packaging and maintaining appropriate temperatures and conditions until the specimens can be processed in the laboratory.
This document discusses the collection and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in medical laboratories. It provides details on:
- The normal anatomy and functions of CSF in circulating around the brain and spinal cord.
- The process of lumbar puncture to collect CSF samples, including positioning, needle insertion, and potential risks.
- Tests performed on CSF in the laboratory to examine factors like glucose, protein levels, cell counts and microbiological analysis to investigate conditions like infections, inflammation or tumors.
1. The document discusses the procedures for examining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in a medical laboratory, including gram staining, cell counting, and culture. Gram staining should be performed first to detect the presence of bacteria or yeast. A cell count is also required to determine the type and number of white blood cells present. CSF samples showing signs of infection based on gram stain or cell count should be cultured. The goal is to rapidly diagnose conditions like bacterial or fungal meningitis.
This document discusses guidelines and best practices for collecting blood samples for culturing. It emphasizes that strict aseptic technique is essential to avoid contamination. Key recommendations include using trained phlebotomists, sterile single-use equipment, effective antiseptic agents with sufficient contact time on the skin, and obtaining blood cultures from a newly inserted venipuncture rather than an existing intravenous catheter. Adhering closely to protocols can help reduce the high rates of contaminated blood cultures and provide accurate diagnostic information for clinicians.
This document provides an overview of sputum examination, including indications, sample collection and transport, and various analysis methods. Physical examination can provide clues to underlying conditions. Microbiological examination includes gram stain to identify organisms, culture and sensitivity testing, and specialized staining techniques to identify acid-fast bacilli (AFB) like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecular diagnostic methods like PCR can also detect pathogens. Cytological examination examines sputum for malignant cells and is most effective for centrally located lung cancers. A variety of specialized tests can identify other infectious organisms in sputum.
The document discusses ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), a blood test used to detect antibodies. There are several types of ELISA that detect antibodies through an antigen-antibody reaction, with detection via an enzyme conjugate. ELISA can detect antibodies related to HIV, Lyme disease, syphilis, and other infectious diseases. The test involves drawing blood, linking an antigen to an enzyme, and detecting if the sample causes a color change indicating the presence of antibodies. The document also discusses the VDRL test, a non-treponemal test for syphilis detection that detects antibodies reaction to cardiolipin antigen.
In this PPT I have explained processing of sputum sample step by step, first I have discussed about different methods of sputum sample collection and then also discussed about different criteria of sputum sample rejection after gram stain .
in this PPT we will learn better about six different criteria of sputum sample rejection . In case of tuberculosis what is the criteria of sputum sample collection and processing also have been covered in this PPT.
I hope it will be helpful for you
thank you so much
Blood can be obtained through venous or capillary puncture for laboratory testing. Venous puncture from the median cubital vein is preferred as it provides a large, undiluted sample for many tests. The procedure involves selecting and cleaning the vein site, inserting the needle at a 30-35 degree angle, collecting blood in an anticoagulant tube, and applying pressure to stop bleeding. Capillary puncture from the finger or heel is an alternative for small volume tests, but carries a higher risk of erroneous results due to dilution or contamination of the sample. Proper patient identification, aseptic technique, and disposal of sharps are important to perform both procedures safely.
The document discusses the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a common medical test used to detect inflammation. It defines ESR as the rate at which red blood cells settle in one hour and notes it is indicative of inflammation. The document also describes factors that increase and decrease ESR, different methods for measuring ESR including the Westergren method, and limitations of ESR as a non-specific test that cannot diagnose disease on its own.
The presentation summarises important methods and protocols of Clinical Microbiology. It may be useful to learners of Clinical microbiology at the undergraduate label. The presentation describes the procedures for collecting clinical samples, transport, and testing. It also describes the different methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and standards.
Collection, transport & storage of clinical specimensDolatsinh Zala
The document provides guidelines for safely collecting, transporting, and storing clinical specimens. It recommends using personal protective equipment like gloves and lab coats during collection. Specimens should be placed in leakproof containers and transported quickly in dedicated transport bags or autoclaved before disposal. For transport over long distances, specimens must be packaged in a triple container system with absorbent material to contain any leaks. Proper storage conditions are also outlined depending on the specific test or specimen type.
The document describes the procedure for performing an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test using citrated plasma. The test involves incubating plasma with brain extract, kaolin, and calcium chloride before measuring the clotting time. Prolonged APTT results indicate deficiencies in the intrinsic coagulation pathway, such as issues with factors VIII, IX, XI, or XIII; liver disease; vitamin K deficiency; or disseminated intravascular coagulation.
The lecture is a simple one describing the various methods that could be applied in small microbiology laboratories where the automated systems are lacking.
The document discusses the history and increasing importance of automation in microbiology laboratories, particularly for blood cultures, noting that traditional culture methods can take 72 hours for results while rapid automated methods are needed to identify pathogens faster to guide antibiotic treatment for infections like sepsis. It also outlines the steps involved in optimal blood collection for cultures, including patient preparation, materials, and techniques to maximize success in collecting pediatric samples.
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases dr.ihsan alsaimarydr.Ihsan alsaimary
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases
dr. ihsan alsaimary
university of basrah - college of medicine- DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
POBOX 696 ASHAR
BASRAH 42001
IRAQ
This document describes the process for collecting and analyzing blood cultures. Blood cultures involve injecting blood samples into bottles containing culture media to detect microorganisms. The process involves drawing blood via venipuncture, decontaminating bottle tops, applying antiseptic to the skin, inoculating bottles, mixing, labeling, and sending samples for analysis. Automated blood culture analyzers use techniques like fluorescence, colorimetry, or pressure changes to detect microorganism growth and provide results. Factors like adequate sample volume, contamination prevention, and analyzer features should be considered when purchasing a system.
1) The document outlines procedures for validating laboratory test results prior to reporting at Hilongos District Hospital.
2) It describes validation processes for specimens in the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases to ensure accuracy of results.
3) Key steps include checking request forms, specimen handling, testing methods, result reporting, and notifying clinicians of critical results.
This document provides guidelines for collecting, processing, and handling blood samples for laboratory testing, including the necessary equipment, safety procedures, methods for venipuncture and capillary blood collection, specimen handling and storage, and basic phlebotomy terminology. It describes the equipment needed for blood collection, processing, safety protocols, procedures for venipuncture and capillary collection, specimen handling and storage, and basic phlebotomy terminology to ensure quality blood specimens for laboratory analysis.
The document discusses the three phases of laboratory testing - pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical. It emphasizes that pre-analytical and post-analytical errors account for over 90% of total laboratory errors. Close attention to pre-analytical variables like specimen collection, transport, and storage is critical to ensure accurate test results. Proper procedures and quality control throughout the testing process can prevent many potential errors.
Methods of Blood Collection and AnticoagulantsShreya D Prabhu
This document discusses methods of blood collection and anticoagulants. It covers precollection variables that can affect test results, various tests affected by factors like diurnal variation and posture. It then discusses blood collection sites like venous, capillary and arterial. The proper techniques, equipment and safety procedures for venipuncture and arterial blood collection are explained. Finally, it covers anticoagulants, their uses in preventing coagulation during storage and transportation of blood samples, and the coagulation pathways they act on.
This reflection paper discusses the importance of proper procedures when performing a venipuncture. The key steps outlined include properly identifying the patient, explaining the procedure to gain consent, selecting an appropriate vein, cleaning the site, and carefully drawing and handling the blood samples. Following standardized protocols is essential to obtaining quality samples and preventing errors or injuries. Adhering to precautions and best practices helps ensure accurate test results and safe experiences for both medical professionals and patients.
The document discusses quality control procedures for a microbiology laboratory. It outlines monitoring, evaluating, and record keeping for equipment, reagents, media, and test procedures to ensure accurate and reproducible results. Reference strains are listed for quality control testing of Gram stains, culture media, antibiotic disks, and other reagents. Acceptance and rejection criteria are provided for specimens to ensure only suitable samples are tested.
Blood culturing is the most important test for detecting pathogens in the bloodstream. It involves collecting blood in specialized bottles that contain growth media for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. It is critical that the collection procedure is done aseptically. Newer automated systems can continuously monitor blood cultures and detect microbial growth within 24-48 hours, providing faster results than conventional methods. Rapid identification of pathogens in positive blood cultures is important for guiding appropriate treatment.
The document discusses proper procedures for sample collection, handling, and transportation for effective microbial testing. It emphasizes that the pre-analytical stage, which involves collection and handling, is critical. Key points include using appropriate containers and transport media to preserve samples, maintaining sterile technique, proper labeling, and timely transportation while refrigerated. Following standard operating procedures at each stage helps ensure accurate diagnosis.
This document provides information on collecting, processing, and diagnosing COVID-19 samples through various methods. It discusses proper sample collection and labeling, as well as packaging and transportation guidelines. The main diagnostic tests described are RT-PCR, which is the gold standard; TRUENAT and CBNAAT, which are chip-based and cartridge-based PCR machines; point-of-care rapid antigen tests; and antibody tests. Precautions for handling specimens and limitations of each test are also outlined.
The document discusses the nurse's role in IV therapy. It covers several topics:
1) Ensuring IV fluids and accessories are sterile and free of microbes to prevent contamination that can cause infections.
2) Proper use and disinfection of infusion equipment like luer locks, needleless connectors, filters, flow control devices, and tourniquets.
3) Best practices for site care and maintenance like set change frequency and flushing/locking IV lines to minimize infection risk.
The document provides guidelines for approval of blood storage centres at First Referral Units (FRUs) in India. Key points:
- FRUs can store up to 2000 units of whole blood or components annually without a license under certain conditions.
- Conditions include having a medical officer, trained technician, adequate space and equipment for proper storage and transportation of blood.
- Blood must be procured from a licensed mother blood bank and tested, and detailed records must be maintained.
- Training of staff is required to ensure proper handling, storage, cross-matching and issue of blood to reduce maternal mortality from lack of blood availability at FRUs.
Viral loaded six month Industrial training.pptxLionelRichie4
This document summarizes a student's training report on their industrial work experience at the PCR lab of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital. The training covered procedures for viral load testing like sample collection and plasma separation. Key factors that can affect viral load tests are also discussed, along with the relevance of understanding viral load from a biochemistry perspective like studying viral replication and evaluating treatment effectiveness. The student concluded that the experience improved their skills and provided valuable insights into medical work environments.
In a welcome move, the Pharmacy Council of India has recently re-structured the syllabus of the
Bachelor of Pharmacy course. In the effort to make the content more relevant to the practice of
pharmacy in its current form, we now find new, important subjects introduced, and Pharmaceutical
Quality Assurance is one of them.
This document provides guidance on collecting blood for culturing to detect bloodstream infections. Key points include:
- Blood cultures involve injecting blood into bottles with culture media to identify microorganisms in the bloodstream. They are essential for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
- Proper collection technique is critical to avoid contamination, including aseptically collecting at least 10ml of blood via venipuncture and injecting equal amounts into aerobic and anaerobic bottles.
- Multiple blood cultures may be needed depending on the type of bacteremia, usually collecting from different body sites. Proper labeling and documentation is also important.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course on Business Models at National University of Singapore to analyze the business model for Theranos. Theranos provides diagnostic testing for consumers that is faster and cheaper than the existing system. Its tests are done in easy to access pharmacies (e.g., Walgreens) as opposed to hard-to reach doctors’ offices. The tests use small bio-electronic integrated circuits (ICs) instead of large scientific instruments. These ICs utilize micro-fluidic channels that require a pin-prick of blood instead of a vial of blood, which makes the tests more appealing and faster than the traditional tests. The slides describe the value proposition, method of value capture, customers, scope of activities, and method of strategic control for Theranos.
MOM-Training.ppt Management of MedicationMOM-Training.ppt Management of MedicationMOM-Training.ppt Management of MedicationMOM-Training.ppt Management of MedicationMOM-Training.ppt Management of MedicationMOM-Training.ppt Management of MedicationMOM-Training.ppt Management of MedicationMOM-Training.ppt Management of Medication
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AN APPROACH TO SEDATION IN ICU
Sedative medications should be titrated to maintain a light rather than a deep level of sedation in adult ICU patients, unless contraindicated.
keep patients comfortable and safe using the minimum possible amount of sedation.
use protocolised care with sedation score monitoring.
AN APPROACH TO SEDATION IN ICU
Sedative medications should be titrated to maintain a light rather than a deep level of sedation in adult ICU patients, unless contraindicated.
keep patients comfortable and safe using the minimum possible amount of sedation.
use protocolised care with sedation score monitoring.
AN APPROACH TO SEDATION IN ICU
Sedative medications should be titrated to maintain a light rather than a deep level of sedation in adult ICU patients, unless contraindicated.
keep patients comfortable and safe using the minimum possible amount of sedation.
use protocolised care with sedation score monitoring.
AN APPROACH TO SEDATION IN ICU
Sedative medications should be titrated to maintain a light rather than a deep level of sedation in adult ICU patients, unless contraindicated.
keep patients comfortable and safe using the minimum possible amount of sedation.
use protocolised care with sedation score monitoring.
AN APPROACH TO SEDATION IN ICU
Sedative medications should be titrated to maintain a light rather than a deep level of sedation in adult ICU patients, unless contraindicated.
keep patients comfortable and safe using the minimum possible amount of sedation.
use protocolised care with sedation score monitoring.
AN APPROACH TO SEDATION IN ICU
Sedative medications should be titrated to maintain a light rather than a deep level of sedation in adult ICU patients, unless contraindicated.
keep patients comfortable and safe using the minimum possible amount of sedation.
use protocolised care with sedation score monitoring.
AN APPROACH TO SEDATION IN ICU
Sedative medications should be titrated to maintain a light rather than a deep level of sedation in adult ICU patients, unless contraindicated.
keep patients comfortable and safe using the minimum possible amount of sedation.
use protocolised care with sedation score monitoring.
This document provides information on assessing and interpreting vital signs, including temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. It describes the normal ranges for each vital sign and factors that can influence them. The procedures for measuring each vital sign are outlined, including the appropriate equipment and sites on the body. Reasons for routinely measuring vital signs and guidelines for documentation are also discussed.
Adverse Drug Recation-Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR): Any noxious change which is suspected to be due to a drug, occurs at doses normally used in man, requires treatment or decrease in dose or indicates caution in future use of the same drug.
Medication Administration
Policy & Process
Medication Administration
Policy & Process
Medication Administration
Policy & Process
Medication Administration
Policy & Process
The document repeatedly lists the quality department of Ford Hospital and Research Centre in Patna without providing any other details. It consists solely of multiple repetitions of "QUALITY DEPARTMENT-FORD HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE-PATNA".
Urinary catheterization is the insertion of a hollow tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine and is done for various purposes such as relieving urinary retention, obtaining sterile urine samples, and emptying the bladder before, during, or after surgery. The procedure involves cleaning and lubricating the catheter, inserting it into the urethra and advancing it into the bladder, inflating the balloon, securing it, and connecting it to a drainage system. Catheter size depends on factors like patient gender and age. Indwelling catheters require ongoing care and maintenance to prevent infection, and are removed by deflating the balloon and gently pulling the catheter.
The document outlines pre-operative nursing care including assessment, teaching, and physical preparation of patients. It discusses pre-operative assessment including reviewing lab tests and medical history, and assessing physical, psychological, and cultural needs. Teaching covers the surgical procedure, expectations before and after surgery, and exercises. Physical preparation includes ensuring adequate nutrition, elimination, hygiene, sleep, care of valuables, removal of prosthetics, and application of anti-embolism stockings. The goal is to reduce risks and anxiety and ensure patients understand post-operative care.
The document provides guidelines for the implementation of biomedical waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses the categories of biomedical waste and how waste should be segregated at COVID isolation wards, sample collection centers, quarantine facilities, and more. Proper segregation, collection, storage, and handover procedures are outlined to ensure waste is managed safely without risk of further transmission. Training of healthcare workers on waste handling practices is also emphasized.
The document is a cover page prepared by Pradeep Sharma, who is a representative of the SHCO for the Consortium of Accredited Healthcare Organizations governing committee. It provides basic information about the author and their role but does not include any other details about the contents of the document.
Oropharyngeal airways are curved, hard plastic devices that are inserted into the mouth of unconscious patients to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. They are indicated for use in patients without a gag reflex, and come in varying sizes selected based on measurement from the patient's mouth to jaw angle. To insert, the airway is placed upside down into the mouth and rotated sideways as it passes the tongue, then positioned with the flange at the teeth. Proper airway management is crucial to prevent preventable deaths in prehospital settings through early detection of issues and effective intervention.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and notes its various types including hazardous, infectious, pharmaceutical, and sharps waste. It provides details on waste generation rates in developing and developed countries. It outlines the four main categories of waste - yellow, red, blue, and white/translucent - and the types of waste that fall under each category along with the appropriate containers. The document then discusses transportation, treatment, and disposal requirements for different waste types including autoclave conditions and alternatives for sharps containers. It concludes with dos and don'ts for proper waste management.
This document provides information on airway management and tracheal intubation. It discusses airway anatomy, indications for intubation, equipment used, and techniques for oral and nasal intubation. It also covers airway devices like oral/nasal airways and laryngeal mask airways. Complications of laryngoscopy and intubation are outlined. Tracheal intubation is described as useful for controlling ventilation and oxygenation during anesthesia by delivering gases directly to the trachea. Proper patient positioning and techniques are important to successfully intubate while minimizing risks.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessment is an important aspect in neurological assessment and its management. It helps in the objective assessment of the patients and facilitates accurate interpersonal communication.
Objectives of learning pressure ulcer
evaluate the strengths and limitations of pressure ulcer guidelines; discuss the challenges related to clinical trials in the domain of pressure ulcers; discuss methods and educational strategies for implementing pressure ulcer prevention and treatment protocols in practice.
Vital signs include temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Procedures for accurately assessing each vital sign are described along with common factors that can influence readings. Key equipment for taking vital signs includes a thermometer, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, watch, and recording sheet. Vital signs are usually taken on admission, with changes in condition, before/after certain medications or procedures, and according to hospital policy in order to monitor a patient's health status and detect any deviations from normal ranges.
The Modified Early Warning System (MEWS) is a screening tool that aggregates scores from multiple physiological indicators like temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and level of consciousness to help identify patient deterioration earlier. It was implemented at Ford Hospital to detect changes before patients reach a deteriorated state requiring rapid response or code teams. MEWS focuses on changes across several areas of a patient's condition, unlike rapid response which is typically triggered by one change. It will be used to routinely screen adult medical-surgical and progressive care patients at least twice per shift and with any changes in condition.
Endotracheal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the trachea and bronchial tubes of patients who are intubated or have a breathing tube. It involves inserting a suction catheter through the endotracheal tube and applying negative pressure to remove secretions. The procedure must be performed carefully to avoid complications like hypoxemia, cardiac arrhythmias, and lung collapse.
Endotracheal suctioning is a procedure presented by Ms. Tissymol Thomas, Nursing Superintendent at Ford Hospital & Research Center. The presentation covers the process of endotracheal suctioning to clear secretions from the trachea of intubated patients. Pradeep Sharma of Ford Hospital & Research Center also contributed to the presentation.
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2. Blood culturing most
important and live saving
Investigation
Needs optimal Methods for
Diagnosis of Blood Borne
Pathogens
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
3. Why Blood Culture
Physician can find source of
infection
Physician can initiate life-saving
support measures
Physician can start targeted
antibiotic therapy
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
4. What is a Blood Culture?
A blood culture is a
laboratory test in
which blood is
injected into bottles
with culture media to
determine whether
microorganisms have
invaded the patient’s
bloodstream.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
5. Need for Blood Culture?
No microbiological test is more essential to the
clinician than the blood culture. The finding of
pathogenic microorganisms in a patient’s
bloodstream is of great importance in terms of
diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.”
- L. Barth Reller, Clin. Infect. Diseases, 1996
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
6. Proof in Blood borne Infection
A clinically suspected infection is ultimately
confirmed by isolation or detection of the
infectious agent. Subsequent identification
of the microorganism and antibiotic
susceptibility tests further guide effective
antimicrobial therapy. Bloodstream
infection is the most severe form of
infection and is frequently life-threatening,
and blood culture to detect circulating
microorganisms has been the diagnostic
standard.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
7. Blood culture is a Important a
Diagnostic tool in Infectious
diseases
Blood culture is a microbiological
culture of blood. It is employed to
detect infections that are spreading
through the bloodstream
(such as bacteraemia, septicaemia amongst
others). This is possible because
the bloodstream is usually a sterile
environment.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
8. What are We doing Now is not
optimal – Needs Rapid Methods
Most microbiological culture procedures
require the use of solid media, like blood
agar and MacConkey agar plates that need
to be visually monitored by trained
personnel at intervals of 24 hours. These
conventional cultures using normal media
take at least a minimum of 72 hours to
isolate the pathogen and carry out
susceptibility test to know the efficacy of
antibiotics on simple aerobic bacteria
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
9. Optimal Methods of Blood
Collection makes difference
The physicians consent with filled in request with details
for culturing the Blood
Gloves will be worn in accordance with standard
precautions..
Appropriate verification of the patient's identity, by
means of an armband or area specific procedure, will
occur before the specimen collection.
Cultures should be drawn before administration of
antibiotics, if possible.
If at all possible, blood cultures should not be drawn
from lines, but should be drawn only via venepuncture
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
11. NEW CATEGORY OF
LAB PERSONNEL
Phlebotomist
Defined as a person who collects blood for
clinical laboratory test or examination
purposes
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
12. Principles for Collection
Gloves will be worn in accordance with standard
precautions.
•A physician’s order must be obtained for specimen
collection.
•Appropriate verification of the patient's identity, by
means of an armband or area specific procedure, will
occur before the specimen collection.
•Cultures should be drawn before administration of
antibiotics, if possible.
•If at all possible, blood cultures should note drawn from
lines, but should be drawn viavenipuncture.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
13. Materials
Chlorhexidine swabs (1-2 packages) Alcohol swabs
Blood culture bottles (2 bottles per set) 2 syringes
(adult: 20 cc, paediatric: 5 cc)
2 needles (adult: 22 gauge or preferably larger butterfly
or standard needle; pediatric: 25 or 23 gauge butterfly or
standard needle)
Gloves (sterile &nonsterile) Tourniquet
Sterile gauze pad Adhesive strip or tape Self-sticking
patient labels
Plastic zip lock specimen bags
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
14. Steps 1 – 3, Check, Explain,
Wash
1.Identify the patient by
checking the arm band or
area-specific procedure.
2.Explain the procedure to
the patient.
3.Wash hands with soap
and water with friction for
15 seconds or use alcohol
based hand rub
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
15. Step 4 –Prep Cap
Prep the rubber cap
of the blood culture
bottles with an
alcohol pad in a
circular motion. Allow
the alcohol to dry.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
16. Step 5 -Prep the Puncture Site
Prep the puncture site with Chlorhexidine:
– •Using aseptic technique, remove the applicator from
its package.
– •Holding the applicator downward, gently squeeze the
wings to release the solution.
– •Scrub with a back & forth motion using friction for 30
seconds on dry skin or 2 minutes on wet skin.
•Do not wipe the site after cleansing the skin
with Chlorhexidine.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
17. Step 6 -Gloves
Apply gloves:
If palpation of site prior
to puncture is
anticipated, wear sterile
gloves.
If palpation of site prior
to puncture is not
anticipated, wear
nonsterile gloves.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
18. Step 8 -Mix
Gently rotate the
bottles to mix the
blood & the broth (do
not shake vigorously).
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
19. Step 9 and 10 (Label)
Place the patient label on each bottle & label
each culture bottle with the site of specimen
collection. When applying patient identification
labels, do not cover the bar code label on the
blood culture bottles. Attach the laboratory
requisition.
Send the blood cultures to the Clinical
Microbiology receiving area as soon as possible.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
20. Step 11
11.Document the following in the medical
record Date & time specimen obtained
–Site of specimen collection
If 2 sets of blood cultures have been
ordered, obtain the second set in the same
manner as the first, making a new
venepuncture at a different site
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
21. Techniques of Paediatric Collections
Tourniquet Application
Need to maximize chances of
successful collection
Remember that the vein is still
developing and might need to rely on
firm tightness
Ideally, tourniquet should not be kept
on for more than one minute
If possible, apply heat
If using a hand, consider a bucket of
warm water
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
22. Techniques of Paediatric Collections
Insertion Principles
Cantilevering of elbow
The option factor:
-Choose your options of direction before insertion
-Minimize the odds of unnecessary “digging”
Avoid plunging the needle right up to the
hilt
Often, a drawback does the trick
If vacutainer is slowing down, replace with
a syringe
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
23. Self Protection
A few ways to make sure your
role in the collection process is
carried out with efficiency,
orderliness and safety
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
24. The Contaminated Blood
Culture
If the skin is not adequately cleansed before
drawing blood for culture, bacteria on the skin will
be injected into the bottle, producing a false
positive blood culture.
It is sometimes difficult for the physician to
determine whether the bacteria growing in the
blood culture is a real pathogen causing
bloodstream infection or whether bacteria on the
skin have contaminated the culture. This can lead
to excess use of antibiotics and prolongation of
hospital stay.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
25. Sample Labeling Efficiencies
Bar coding at the point-
of-phlebotomy
2D vs. 1D bar codes
– Reduce the number
of computer
interfaces
– Self directing
specimens
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
26. Technological Improvements for All
Steps in the Diagnostic Process
Just in Time Supplies
Biorepository
Process Control
Pre-analytical
Analytical and
Automation
Automated
Phlebotomy
Trays
RFID
Mobile Robot
2D-Codes
Instruments
Designed for
Automation
EMR
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
27. What is a Blood Culture?
A blood culture is a
laboratory test in
which blood is
injected into bottles
with culture media to
determine whether
microorganisms have
invaded the patient’s
bloodstream.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
28. Blood & Body Fluid Cultures
Blood cultured by the BacT/Alert 3D leads to early
detection of pathogens (>89 per cent within 24 hours
and 97 per cent within 48 hours) especially in cases of
septicaemia, enteric fevers, bacterial endocarditis and
other pyrexias of bacterial origin.
Activated charcoal neutralises antimicrobials and toxins
enhancing early recovery of pathogens. Positives are
detected faster than Bactec even at low concentrations
in blood and body fluids like CSF, CT guided aspirates
etc.
Delayed transport does not compromise results.
The instrument is capable of recovering significantly
more organisms that resin.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
29. BacT/AlerT 3D culture system
BacT/AlerT 3D culture system. This is the
first automated non-radiometric and non-
invasive culture system that continuously
monitors system for culture of bacteria
(both aerobic and anaerobic), fungi and
mycobacteria. All these bacteria can be
cultured using different media as
prescribed..
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
30. Principles in BacT/AlerT 3D
culture system
This is a closed system and works on the
colorimetric principle of detection of CO2
produced by the organisms. The CO2
causes a lowering of the pH of the
medium, which in turn produces a colour
change in a sensor attached to the CO2-
sensitive base of each bottle.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
31. You are guided by
Computerized
Systems
The instrument reacts before this colour
change is apparent by means of an
audible or visible alert flagged by the
computer. The bottles are constantly
agitated and are read at 10-minute
intervals. The readings are transmitted to
a computer compiler, which computes
results. This
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
32. bioMérieux BacT/ALERT® 3D
The bioMérieux BacT/ALERT® 3D provides
an optimal environment for the recovery of a
wide range of pathological organisms,
including bacteria, yeasts and mycobacteria;
utilizing proprietary plastic culture bottles
ensuring added safety to the user.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
33. Principles of functioning of BacT alert
Monitors
Microorganisms multiply
in the media, generating
CO2. As CO2 increases,
the sensor in the bottle
turns a lighter colour.
Measuring reflected light,
the BacT/ALERT 3D
monitors and detects
color changes in the
sensor.
Algorithms analyze the data to
determine positivity, and the
laboratory is notified
immediately with visual and
audible alarms.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
35. Automation becomes need of the
Hour
Full microbiology laboratory automation
needs have never been so apparent, with
financial constraints and increasing testing
volumes at the same time that labour is
becoming both harder to find and more
expensive. Implementation of full
microbiology lab automation is one
solution, as fewer technologists are
required to process automated tests..
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
36. Automation improves quality of
services
Overall, laboratories
transitioning from
conventional to
automated processes
find that technologists
and microbiologists
are more open to
innovation and
improved quality.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
37. Industry flourishes too..
An entire industry of
microbial diagnostic kits
flourished to the present
day. Next in the 70s the
development was in
immunological test kits
and instruments to
monitor the presence of
food borne pathogens
and biomass and to
predict microbial growth
automatically.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
38. Advantages of automation
Automated solutions have recently
emerged in the marketplace that address
key areas of the microbiology lab.
Automating these processes-simple,
standard, or complex-can revolutionize
the microbiology lab with more efficient,
standardized practices that will improve
quality, safety, and cost-efficiency.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
39. Automation increases efficacy and
eliminates individual variations
For example, automating small, yet vitally
important tasks, can make a huge impact
on the efficiency and accuracy of
laboratories. Lab technicians streak an
estimated ??? agar plates a day, a
process that is laborious, tedious, and
inconsistent. Each lab technician has his
own streaking technique
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
40. Automation is
Advantageous
Include the elimination of subjective
variability,
Savings in media and reagents, and the
earlier production of useful information in
many instances, all of winch can make a
substantial contribution to productivity and
the control of runaway cost escalation.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
41. Automation combined with
Laboratory Information management
The combined use of laboratory
automation and laboratory
information management software
(LIMS) has been shown to increase
productivity, reduce human error and
improve tracking and traceability in a
microbiology lab
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
42. Workflow Management
Accessioning Specimen
tracking
Data logging and reporting
Quality control documentation
Sample quality
assessment
Optimal routing and
scheduling
Intelligent reporting
Data
DATA
PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Automation Information
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
43. Bar coding, robotics and computers
Bar coding, robotics and computers that replace
manual transcription significantly reduce data
loss and errors. Automation also makes it less
likely that plate information and patient
identification will be duplicated or transposed.
Three trends will drive laboratory automation’s
future: smaller, more-flexible analysers and
automation based on next-generation
technology, including micro fluidics, easy-to-use,
powerful software for centralised lab
management, and internet-based real-time
service for better up-time.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
44. Bar coding replacing the Manual
reading – Reduces errors
The key to this real-time automation was
real time barcode labelling of all sample
carriers (such as bags, tubes, dishes,
bottles) provided by Kiestra's Barcode
system. This was used in conjunction with
Auto scribe's Matrix LIMS. Real time
barcode reading is known to reduce
transcription error rates to only 1 in 36
trillion characters - compared to 1 in 300
characters with manual reading.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
45. Kiestra's BarcodA
Kiestra's BarcodA
automatically places
an optical barcode on
all tubes, bottles and
petri-dishes that
contains important
information such as
composition, sell-by
date etc.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
46. Bar-coding helps in tracing the
errors
The barcode makes
every sample carrier
unique and recorded
meaning full
traceability for the
laboratory. Samples
are also provided with
a barcode which is
generated by Matrix
LIMS.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
47. Quality replacing Quantitity
Quality issues are becoming increasingly
important in diagnostic laboratories. The fact of
quality is no longer sufficient and we must now
develop mechanisms to assure consumers, the
public and, most importantly, ourselves of the
continuing quality of our service. Moving
towards a quality-assured system is not easy,
requiring a meticulous attention to detail in all
areas of a laboratory's working and organization.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
48. Automation gained the Universal
acceptance
A further plus for lab automation is that it
promotes consistency and quality. Without
automation, lab tasks that are necessarily
repetitive can lead to inconsistent or
inappropriate ways of work and, from
there, to improper treatment, longer
patient stays, medication errors and
unwanted drug side-effects.
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna
49. Created by Skillversity
for “e” learning Programme
Email
Skillversitycte@gmail.com
Visit www.skillversity.org.in
Quality Team-Ford Hospital & Research Centre -Patna