Blood collection technique and their advantage and disadvantage are include in this ppt.

1. .
By Ms. Ankita R Bhatiya
Department of Paramedical
Assistant professor
Shree.P.M.Patel college of paramedical science & Technology

2. Blood:
Specimen collection is performed routinely to obtain blood for laboratory testing.
Blood can be obtained from venous access devices and sometimes by finger stick.
Blood is most frequently obtained via a peripheral vein puncture (venipuncture).
Purpose :
Blood is usually drawn and collected in order to perform a variety of laboratory tests.
Specimens are often sent to help diagnose conditions such as anemia, cancer,
electrolyte imbalances, to screen for risk factors like high cholesterol levels, and to
monitor the effects of treatments and medications

3. There are three types of puncture:
1) Artery puncture,2) Vein puncture, 3) Capillary Puncture
Arteries: - Carrying oxygenated blood from heart to several parts of the body by
the pumping action of heart.
 Veins: - Carrying deoxygenated blood from distant parts of the body to heart &
to lungs.
Capillary: - The arteries divide into smaller blood vessels called capillaries,
which supply blood to the various tissues. The capillaries then rejoin to form veins.

4. Capillary puncture:
Selection of site: Adults & children - Finger or ear lobe, Infants - Heel or great toe
Aim: To perform capillary puncture.
Requirements: Lancet or Picker, cotton, spirit, Hb pipette

5. Procedure:
1.Identify the right patient.
2. Collect all the requirements.
3. Do the labelling.
4. Ask the patient to sit comfortably on the chair.
5. Choose the right finger.
6. Make the area aseptic with the help of spirit cotton.
7. Hold the finger firm & tight & prick the finger quickly, horizontally, &
boldly.
8. Wipe out the first drop of blood with the help of dry cotton.
9. Collect the blood with help of Hb pipette.

6. 10. Put again the spirit cotton on the area & press it.
11. Clean the surrounding working area.
12. Put all the requirements at their proper place.
13. Wash the hands.
Precaution:
1.Capillary blood should be used only when it is not feasible to get
venous blood.
2.A free flow of blood is mast & blood collected by squeezing may lead
to false result.
3. Make the area sterile with spirit cotton.
4 Wipe out the first drop of the blood it contains many body fluids.
5. Hb pipette should be filled fully & it should be washed within time.
6. Heparinized capillaries are also available for storage of small amount
of capillary blood. (Mostly green ring at the end of the capillary)

7. Advantages:
1. It is done when blood is needed in a small amount for small number of routine tests.
2. It can be done in certain patients when the vein is hard to seen.
3. Advisable in infants. (below 1 Year of age)
Disadvantages:
1. It is more susceptible to the erroneous result.
2. A free now of blood is essential & squeezing may lead to its dilution with body fluids
leading to erroneous result.
3.The Hb content, red cell count & PCV are significantly less than those of venous blood
since the blood obtained by skin puncture may be more arterial in composition.

8. Vein puncture:
Selecting vein site: The median cubital vein is the one used for the patient. If the vein
puncture of this vein is unsuccessful, one of the cephalic or basilic veins may be used. The
blood however, usually flows more slowly from these veins.

9. Aim: To perform vein puncture.
Requirements: Tourniquet, cotton, spirit, syringe with needle, anti-coagulated bulb,
leucoplast.

10. Procedure:
1. Identify the right patient.
2. Collect all the requirements.
3. Do the labelling.
4. Ask the patient to sit comfortably on the chair.
5. Tie the tourniquet four fingers above the elbow. Ask the patient to make a fist.
6. Choose the vein by means of palpation, bounce, direction & thickness.
7. Aseptic the area with the help of spirit cotton.
8. Assemble the needle & syringe & check for any blockage & vacuum by pressing, the piston.
9. Put the thumb on selected vein & stretch it.
10. By keeping the angle 35 degrees penetrate the needle into the vein.

11. 11. Pull back the piston without disturbing the syringe needle.
12. Collect the require amount of blood.
13. Put the spirit cotton at the juncture of the needle & skin.
14. Release the tourniquet first.
15. Take out needle & press the cotton.
16. Ask the patient to hold the hand for 5 minutes.
17. Remove needle from syringe.
18. Add blood in to the bulb from the sidewall of the bulb mixed it if require.
19. Dispose the syringe needle.
20. Keep all the requirements at its proper place.
21. Confirm that the bleeding has been stopped.
22. Put the leucoplast.
23. Clean the working area.
24. Wash the hand.

12. Precaution:
•Pucture only the superior most wall of the vein.
• Remove the tourniquet before the pull out the needle.
• Apply a small amount of force to the area with cotton alter blood collection.
• Do prefect labelling.
•Tie tourniquet & locate the vein.
•See the blockage of needle.
•Always keep angle 30 to 35 degree.
•Pour the blood in the bulb through sidewall.
• Use the major veins.
• Avoid Hematoma.

13. Advantage:
1. Free flowing, undiluted blood can be achieve, which gives correct results.
2. Large quantity of blood can be obtained which is adequate to perform many tests at a time.
3. Ideal for all haematological tests.
Disadvantage:
1. If due to faulty method, counter puncture is performed. It may be lead to hematoma.
2. Require very high degree of accuracy for collection.
Hematoma: Blood is coagulating in between skin end vein. So that area becomes bluish green.
Haemolysis: Rupture of RBC and release Hb. So, plasma appear red in colour instead of pale yellow.
Haemorrhage: A loss of large amount of blood in short period of time, either externally or Internally It may be Arterial, Venous
or Capillary.