blast furnace.pptx

1. Blast Furnace

2. Content
Blast Furnace
Structure and
Components of Blast
Furnace
2.0
Reactions & Summary
Reactions involved in
the Blast Furnace and
overview of the process
3.0
Introduction
Introduction about the
Blast Furnace
1.0

3. Introduction
● The purpose of a blast furnace is to reduce and convert
iron oxides into liquid iron called "hot metal".
● The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with
refractory brick.
● Iron ore, coke and limestone are put into the top, and
preheated air is blown into the bottom.

4. Blast Furnace
● It is a tall cylindrical furnace made
of steel.
● It is lined inside with fire bricks.
● It is narrow at the top and has an
arrangement for the introduction
of ore and an outlet for waste
gases.
● Heated with the help of Hot Gases.

5. Blast Furnace
The outer case is a water-cooled
steel casing that provides the
main support for the 30 m high
furnace

6. Blast Furnace
● The sinter is added through a
hopper at the top of the Blast
Furnace.
● The design of the hopper stops
gases from escaping through
the top as sinter is added.

7. Blast Furnace
● The inner lining is made of
insulating bricks, designed to
reduce heat loss through the outer
walls of the furnace

8. Blast Furnace
● The furnace is run continuously
for up to 2 years.
● Air is blasted in at the bottom at
point A

9. Blast Furnace
● When running continuously, iron
is run out through a tap hole,
drilled into the furnace at the
bottom, B.

10. Blast Furnace
● Slag is less dense than iron and
floats on the surface.
● Slag is run out through a second
tap hole labeled C.

11. Blast Furnace
● Wasted gases pass out through the
top of the furnace, at point D.
● The hot gases are used to pre-heat
the incoming gases at A.

12. Blast Furnace
● Iron that forms in the furnace
melts at the temperature of
1700°C.
● The iron drips down to the bottom.

13. Summary
Step 1 - Insert iron ore, limestone, and coke into blast furnace.
Step 2 - Coke reacts with oxygen and forms carbon dioxide.
Step 3 - Carbon dioxide produced in the first 2 reactions reacts
with excess coke and forms carbon monoxide.

14. Summary
Step 4 - Carbon monoxide reduces iron ore and produces molten
iron.
Step 5 - The excess limestone from the second reaction reacts
with the sand (coming from minerals in iron ore) and forms
calcium silicate (slag) .
Step 6 - Slag and molten iron are drained from the bottom of the
furnace and gas produced exits through holes in the top of the
furnace.

15. Products Formed
● Both the slag and iron are drained from the bottom of
the furnace.
● The slag is mainly used to build roads.
● The iron whilst molten is poured into molds and left to
solidify - this is called cast iron and is used to make
railings and storage tanks.
● The rest of the iron is used to make steel.

16. Thank You