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The blast furnace is an industrial furnace that uses a complex chemical process to produce molten iron from raw materials. Iron ore, coke, and limestone are combined and heated to high temperatures in the furnace, causing coke to react with oxygen and reduce iron ore to a molten state. Limestone acts as a flux to remove impurities from the iron through slag formation. The continuous blast furnace process yields molten iron essential for steelmaking and other industries.
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The document provides information about Bokaro Steel Plant in India. It was established in 1965 in collaboration with the Soviet Union. The plant produces flat steel products like hot rolled coils, sheets, and galvanized sheets. It has a raw material handling plant, sinter plant, coke oven plant, 5 blast furnaces, and steel making and continuous casting facilities. The raw material handling plant receives and stores raw materials. The sinter plant agglomerates iron ore fines for use in the blast furnaces. Coke ovens convert coal into coke fuel for blast furnaces. The blast furnaces produce molten pig iron, which is then processed into steel in the steel making shop and cast into slabs in the continuous casting
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The document summarizes the process of smelting iron from iron ore in a blast furnace. Key points include:
1. Iron ore, coke, and limestone are charged into the top of the blast furnace. Hot air is blown into the bottom to support combustion.
2. Chemical reactions reduce the iron and melt it, while the limestone forms a slag that separates the iron from impurities.
3. Molten pig iron and slag are tapped off the bottom of the furnace periodically. Pig iron contains 3-4% carbon and other elements picked up during the smelting process.
coke and metallurgical coal
Coke is a porous, high-strength carbon material produced by heating coal in ovens without oxygen. It is a key material used in blast furnaces for ironmaking. Metallurgical coke is made specifically from bituminous coal that can withstand high heat and pressures. The coking process involves heating coal to around 2000°F for 12-36 hours to drive off impurities. Coke is then used as both a fuel and reducing agent in blast furnaces, where its combustion produces carbon monoxide to reduce iron ore into molten iron. High quality coke is necessary to support blast furnace operations and produce quality iron.
Blast furnace fuel.pptxhbgggjjiiikkkkkkkkk
Blast furnaces use coke as their primary fuel to produce pig iron from iron ore. Coke is made by heating coal in coke ovens without air to drive off volatile compounds. It is primarily carbon and maintains the high temperatures of up to 2000°C needed in the blast furnace. The combustion of coke produces heat and carbon monoxide which reduces iron oxides to elemental iron. Coke has important roles as both a fuel and chemical reagent in blast furnaces and is a major input factor, accounting for about 60% of hot metal costs.
Chapter2 150109004021-conversion-gate02
Iron is produced through the blast furnace process and steel is produced through basic oxygen furnace or electric arc furnace processes. There are three main types of plain carbon steel based on carbon content: low carbon steel contains 0.05-0.3% carbon, medium carbon steel contains 0.3-0.6% carbon used for bolts and shafts, and high carbon steel known as tool steel contains 0.6-1.5% carbon used for tools. Alloy steels contain additional elements like chromium, manganese, silicon or sulfur to improve properties such as strength, toughness, wear and corrosion resistance.
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This topic introduces the methods of irons, steels and cast irons production. It also describes the structure, properties and the usage of irons, steels and cast irons in the engineering field.
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1. A blast furnace forces a mixture called a charge of iron ore, coke, and limestone through extremely hot air.
2. Chemical reactions take place as the charge moves down the furnace, resulting in molten pig iron and slag tapping out the bottom for further processing.
3. Ferrous metals like cast iron and steel are produced, with cast iron containing 2-4.5% carbon and being hard but brittle, while suitable for complex shapes.
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This document summarizes the process of steel manufacturing in New Zealand. Iron ore is first reduced to iron in rotary kilns, producing a substance called reduced primary concentrate and char. This is then melted into molten iron in electric melters. The molten iron undergoes vanadium recovery and is then converted to steel in a Klockner Oxygen Blown Maxhutte furnace. Oxygen is blown through the furnace to oxidize impurities, which are separated as slag. Alloying elements are then added to produce the final steel product.
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The document summarizes the process of smelting iron from iron ore in a blast furnace. Key points include:
1. Iron ore, coke, and limestone are charged into the top of the blast furnace. Hot air is blown into the bottom to support combustion.
2. Chemical reactions reduce the iron and melt it, while the limestone forms a slag that separates the iron from impurities.
3. Molten pig iron and slag are tapped off the bottom of the furnace periodically. Pig iron contains 3-4% carbon and other elements picked up during the smelting process.
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Coke is a porous, high-strength carbon material produced by heating coal in ovens without oxygen. It is a key material used in blast furnaces for ironmaking. Metallurgical coke is made specifically from bituminous coal that can withstand high heat and pressures. The coking process involves heating coal to around 2000°F for 12-36 hours to drive off impurities. Coke is then used as both a fuel and reducing agent in blast furnaces, where its combustion produces carbon monoxide to reduce iron ore into molten iron. High quality coke is necessary to support blast furnace operations and produce quality iron.
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Blast furnaces use coke as their primary fuel to produce pig iron from iron ore. Coke is made by heating coal in coke ovens without air to drive off volatile compounds. It is primarily carbon and maintains the high temperatures of up to 2000°C needed in the blast furnace. The combustion of coke produces heat and carbon monoxide which reduces iron oxides to elemental iron. Coke has important roles as both a fuel and chemical reagent in blast furnaces and is a major input factor, accounting for about 60% of hot metal costs.
Chapter2 150109004021-conversion-gate02
Iron is produced through the blast furnace process and steel is produced through basic oxygen furnace or electric arc furnace processes. There are three main types of plain carbon steel based on carbon content: low carbon steel contains 0.05-0.3% carbon, medium carbon steel contains 0.3-0.6% carbon used for bolts and shafts, and high carbon steel known as tool steel contains 0.6-1.5% carbon used for tools. Alloy steels contain additional elements like chromium, manganese, silicon or sulfur to improve properties such as strength, toughness, wear and corrosion resistance.
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This topic introduces the methods of irons, steels and cast irons production. It also describes the structure, properties and the usage of irons, steels and cast irons in the engineering field.
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1. A blast furnace forces a mixture called a charge of iron ore, coke, and limestone through extremely hot air.
2. Chemical reactions take place as the charge moves down the furnace, resulting in molten pig iron and slag tapping out the bottom for further processing.
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This document summarizes the process of steel manufacturing in New Zealand. Iron ore is first reduced to iron in rotary kilns, producing a substance called reduced primary concentrate and char. This is then melted into molten iron in electric melters. The molten iron undergoes vanadium recovery and is then converted to steel in a Klockner Oxygen Blown Maxhutte furnace. Oxygen is blown through the furnace to oxidize impurities, which are separated as slag. Alloying elements are then added to produce the final steel product.
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The document discusses the production of iron and steel from raw materials. It describes how iron ore, limestone, and coke are used as the raw materials in a blast furnace to produce pig iron. Hot air is blown into the blast furnace to drive a chemical reaction where coke reduces iron oxide to iron. The molten pig iron and slag are then tapped from the furnace. Further steelmaking processes like the basic oxygen furnace process are used to refine the pig iron into steel by removing impurities with an oxygen lance in under 45 minutes.
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There are several types of melting furnaces used for different materials and processes. The electric arc furnace uses electric arcs to melt scrap metal and can reach temperatures over 3000°C. The basic oxygen furnace converts molten pig iron to steel by blowing oxygen through it to reduce the carbon content. The blast furnace is a large chimney that produces molten iron from iron ore, coke and limestone using hot air blown in from the bottom. The induction furnace melts metals using powerful alternating currents that induce eddy currents within the metal to heat and stir it without contact.
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This is Blast Furnace ppt for steel plant.
this is my web site : http://btechadvanceproject.blogspot.in/
this is my Youtube - https://youtu.be/l0blxo-t_cg
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My linkedin profle https://www.linkedin.com/in/md-raza-ansari-78a6ba116/
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- Ore agglomeration through sintering or pelletizing to prepare the iron ore for the blast furnace
- The blast furnace which uses coke, iron ore, and flux to produce liquid iron through countercurrent reduction reactions at high temperatures
It describes the basic zones and reactions within the blast furnace to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron.
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This document discusses ferrous metals and iron production. It provides details on:
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2. Explains centrifugal casting which involves rotating a permanent mold at high speeds to cast cylindrical shapes by throwing molten metal against the inner mold wall where it solidifies.
3. Describes cold working which refers to plastic deformation, usually at room temperature, that strengthens metals by reducing grain size but makes them more brittle.
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The document summarizes the process of converting iron ore into steel. It involves two main steps:
1. Production of molten iron from iron oxides through reduction in rotary kilns using carbon monoxide produced from coal and limestone. This yields a product called RPCC that is around 70% metallic iron.
2. Steel making which involves removing impurities from the molten iron through oxidation and producing molten steel. Key processes include vanadium recovery, using oxygen to create slag and stirring the metal, and the KOBM process to blow oxygen and further purify the molten iron into steel.
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The document defines various terms used in the puddling process such as pig iron, blast furnace, slag, and cast iron. It then describes the puddling process which involves charging pig iron into a heated furnace, melting and stirring the iron to separate impurities into slag, and forming balls of purified wrought iron called blooms. The puddling furnace was developed by Henry Cort in 1784 and was widely used in the UK in the 19th century to produce high-grade bar iron, before being replaced by open-hearth furnaces.
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The document defines various terms used in the puddling process such as pig iron, blast furnace, slag, and cast iron. It then describes the puddling process which involves charging pig iron into a heated furnace, melting and stirring the iron to separate impurities into slag, and forming balls of purified wrought iron called blooms. The puddling furnace was developed by Henry Cort in 1784 and was widely used in the UK in the 19th century to produce high-grade bar iron, before being replaced by open-hearth furnaces.
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There are several types of melting furnaces used for different materials and processes. The electric arc furnace uses electric arcs to melt scrap metal and can reach temperatures over 3000°C. The basic oxygen furnace converts molten pig iron to steel by blowing oxygen through it to reduce the carbon content. The blast furnace is a large chimney that produces molten iron from iron ore, coke and limestone using hot air blown in from the bottom. The induction furnace melts metals using powerful alternating currents that induce eddy currents within the metal to heat and stir it without contact.
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This is Blast Furnace ppt for steel plant.
this is my web site : http://btechadvanceproject.blogspot.in/
this is my Youtube - https://youtu.be/l0blxo-t_cg
Follow On Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/md.raza72/
My linkedin profle https://www.linkedin.com/in/md-raza-ansari-78a6ba116/
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The document provides an overview of the ironmaking process, including:
- Coke making to produce pure carbon for the blast furnace
- Ore agglomeration through sintering or pelletizing to prepare the iron ore for the blast furnace
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This document summarizes information about solid fuels and the process of carbonization of coal. It discusses how caking coals are heated in the absence of air to produce coke, a solid residue richer in carbon. There are two types of carbonization processes - low temperature carbonization produces semi-coke while high temperature carbonization produces hard metallurgical coke. The document also describes the beehive oven and modern Otto Hoffman oven methods for manufacturing coke and recovering valuable byproducts like tar, ammonia, naphthalene and benzene. Coal washing processes like dense medium separators, jigs and cyclones are also summarized to remove impurities and increase the heating value of coal.
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Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon along with other alloying elements like manganese and chromium. The production of steel involves processing raw materials, coke oven operations, sintering, blast furnace production of pig iron, and conversion of pig iron to steel through basic oxygen furnace or electric arc furnace. The molten steel is then continuously cast into final shapes. Integrated steel plants carry out the entire process while mini mills use electric arc furnaces and scrap steel. Issues facing the steel industry include outdated technology, low productivity, pollution, and shortage of quality raw materials.
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2. The basic processes for producing iron and steel, including blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, and electric arc furnaces. Raw materials are melted and impurities are removed to produce molten iron or steel.
3. The types of plain carbon steels and how their microstructure and properties change with carbon content, as shown on an iron-carbon phase diagram. Low and medium carbon steels are widely used in construction and vehicles.
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Spontaneous combustion of coal is caused by its auto-oxidation reaction with oxygen when exposed to air, generating heat. If this heat is not dissipated, the coal's temperature will rise until it ignites. Several theories explain the mechanism, but it is generally accepted that coal absorbs oxygen physically at low temperatures, forming complexes that decompose and oxidize, releasing more heat. Factors like coal type, temperature, moisture, and oxygen availability affect whether combustion occurs. Coal mine fires have occurred historically around the world and continue to cause safety, economic and environmental issues.
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2. Steel making which involves removing impurities from the molten iron through oxidation and producing molten steel. Key processes include vanadium recovery, using oxygen to create slag and stirring the metal, and the KOBM process to blow oxygen and further purify the molten iron into steel.
Puddling furnace
The document defines various terms used in the puddling process such as pig iron, blast furnace, slag, and cast iron. It then describes the puddling process which involves charging pig iron into a heated furnace, melting and stirring the iron to separate impurities into slag, and forming balls of purified wrought iron called blooms. The puddling furnace was developed by Henry Cort in 1784 and was widely used in the UK in the 19th century to produce high-grade bar iron, before being replaced by open-hearth furnaces.
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The document defines various terms used in the puddling process such as pig iron, blast furnace, slag, and cast iron. It then describes the puddling process which involves charging pig iron into a heated furnace, melting and stirring the iron to separate impurities into slag, and forming balls of purified wrought iron called blooms. The puddling furnace was developed by Henry Cort in 1784 and was widely used in the UK in the 19th century to produce high-grade bar iron, before being replaced by open-hearth furnaces.
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BF presentation.pptx
- 2. BLAST FURNACE • A BLAST FURNACE IS A HIGH-TEMPERATURE INDUSTRIAL FURNACE WHERE IRON ORE, COKE (CARBON-RICH FUEL), AND LIMESTONE ARE CHEMICALLY PROCESSED TO PRODUCE MOLTEN IRON USED FOR MAKING STEEL AND OTHER PRODUCTS. • THE MAIN PURPOSE OF A BLAST FURNACE IS TO CONVERT IRON ORE INTO MOLTEN IRON THROUGH A CHEMICAL REDUCTION PROCESS, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR PRODUCING STEEL AND VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL GOODS.
- 4. materials Quantity in kgs Iron ore/sinter/pellets (+60% Fe) 2000-2500 coke 450-550 Pulverised coal(for injection through tuyeres) 50-200 Lime stone 300-400 Air (hot blast) 4000-5000
- 5. • IRON ORE IN A BLAST FURNACE SERVES AS THE RAW MATERIAL CONTAINING IRON OXIDES. IT UNDERGOES REDUCTION WITH COKE (CARBON-RICH FUEL) AT HIGH TEMPERATURES, RESULTING IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOLTEN IRON AND SLAG. THIS MOLTEN IRON IS USED FOR MAKING STEEL AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, WHILE THE SLAG HELPS REMOVE IMPURITIES FROM THE IRON ORE.
- 6. • COKE IS A CARBON-RICH FUEL USED IN BLAST FURNACES. IT SERVES AS A HEAT SOURCE AND REDUCING AGENT, REACTING WITH OXYGEN IN THE IRON ORE TO PRODUCE CARBON MONOXIDE. THIS CARBON MONOXIDE THEN FACILITATES THE REDUCTION OF IRON OXIDES TO MOLTEN IRON DURING THE SMELTING PROCESS.
- 7. • LIMESTONE IN A BLAST FURNACE ACTS AS A FLUXING AGENT. IT HELPS REMOVE IMPURITIES BY REACTING WITH THEM TO FORM SLAG, WHICH FLOATS ON THE MOLTEN IRON. THIS PROCESS AIDS IN PURIFYING THE IRON AND IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE REDUCTION REACTION.
- 8. • •
- 9. 1.LOAD THE FURNACE: IRON ORE, COKE, AND LIMESTONE ARE LOADED INTO THE FURNACE IN LAYERS. 2.ADD HEAT: HOT AIR IS BLOWN INTO THE FURNACE TO MAKE IT EXTREMELY HOT. 3.CHEMICAL REACTIONS: THE COKE BURNS WITH THE OXYGEN IN THE AIR, CREATING CARBON MONOXIDE. THIS GAS REACTS WITH IRON ORE, TURNING IT INTO MOLTEN IRON AND PRODUCING SLAG. 4.COLLECT MOLTEN IRON: THE MOLTEN IRON SINKS TO THE BOTTOM OF THE FURNACE AND IS COLLECTED. 5.REMOVE SLAG: THE LIGHTER SLAG FLOATS ON TOP OF THE IRON AND IS REMOVED. 6.CONTINUOUS PROCESS: THE FURNACE RUNS CONTINUOUSLY, WITH MATERIALS ADDED AT THE TOP AND MOLTEN IRON AND SLAG TAKEN OUT AT INTERVALS. • THIS PROCESS TRANSFORMS RAW MATERIALS INTO MOLTEN IRON, WHICH CAN BE USED TO MAKE STEEL.
- 10. 1.Raw Materials: Iron ore, coke, and limestone are combined in specific proportions. 2.Heating: Hot air is blown into the furnace, raising the temperature to around 2,000°C (3,632°F). 3.Reduction: Coke reacts with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide, which reduces iron ore to molten iron. 4.Slag Formation: Limestone reacts with impurities to form a floating slag layer. 5.Separation: Molten iron and slag are tapped off separately, and the process is continuous.
- 11. • THE BLAST FURNACE IS A CRUCIAL INDUSTRIAL FURNACE WHERE IRON ORE, ALONG WITH COKE AND LIMESTONE, UNDERGOES A COMPLEX CHEMICAL PROCESS. THIS PROCESS RESULTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOLTEN IRON, WHICH SERVES AS A VITAL RAW MATERIAL FOR VARIOUS INDUSTRIES, PARTICULARLY STEELMAKING. THE USE OF COKE AS A REDUCING AGENT AND LIMESTONE AS A FLUX HELPS EXTRACT PURE IRON WHILE REMOVING IMPURITIES. THIS FURNACE'S EFFICIENCY AND VERSATILITY HAVE MADE IT A CORNERSTONE OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING, PLAYING A CENTRAL ROLE IN SHAPING THE MATERIALS THAT POWER OUR SOCIETIES