Bladder stone Presentation
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Bladder stones are hard mineral masses that form in the bladder when minerals in concentrated urine crystallize, often due to an inability to completely empty the bladder. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, burning during urination, frequent urination, and blood in the urine. Bladder stones are caused by issues like an enlarged prostate, nerve damage, kidney stones, dehydration, infection, or abnormalities in the urinary tract. They are diagnosed through urinalysis, CT scans, or ultrasounds and treated by breaking up the stones with lasers or surgically removing large stones.
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Bladder stones are mineral deposits that form in the bladder. They were once common among poor children and adolescents with poor diets but are now rare due to improved nutrition. Bladder stones can be primary, forming in sterile urine, or secondary, forming due to infection, outflow obstruction, or foreign bodies. They are usually composed of calcium oxalate but can also contain uric acid, triple phosphate, or cysteine depending on the individual's condition. Clinically, bladder stones cause symptoms like urinary frequency, pain during urination, blood in the urine, and interrupted urinary flow. Diagnosis is made through urine analysis, ultrasound, or x-ray. Treatment involves removing the cause if present as well as breaking
Bladder calculi
This document defines and describes different types of bladder stones. Primary stones develop in sterile urine, while secondary stones occur due to infection, outflow obstruction, or impaired bladder emptying. The most common type is mixed stones. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, ultrasound, and radiography. Treatment depends on the cause but may include lithotripsy, percutaneous litholapaxy, or catheter removal to break up the stones. Various modalities like lithotrites, lasers, and evacuators are used for fragmentation and removal of stones and stone fragments from the bladder.
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Kidney stones are a common problem worldwide with substantial morbidities and economic costs. Medical therapy reduces stone recurrence significantly.
Investigations of Urology
This document provides information about urinalysis and urologic investigations including laboratory tests, radiological imaging, and endoscopy. It discusses the procedures and significant findings for urinalysis including macroscopic examination, chemical analysis using urine dipsticks, and microscopic examination. It also summarizes different radiological investigations like KUB, ultrasonography, intravenous urography, cystography, retrograde pyelography and CT scans and what types of urinary tract abnormalities each can identify. Endoscopic procedures like cystoscopy, urethroscopy and nephroscopy are also briefly mentioned.
Management of nephrolithiasis
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is a disease affecting the urinary tract. Kidney stones are small deposits that build up in the kidneys, made of calcium, phosphate and other components of foods. They are a common cause of blood in urine.
Kidney stone formation may result when the urine becomes overly concentrated with certain substances. These substances in the urine may complex to form small crystals and subsequently stones.
A number of blood and urine tests will be required to detect the presence of infection and test the function of the kidneys
Bladder stones
Bladder stones are abnormal crystals that form in the bladder when urine is not fully emptied. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, painful urination, and blood in the urine. Bladder stones are most common in men over 30 and are often caused by conditions that obstruct urine flow like an enlarged prostate. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, CT scan, or ultrasound. Treatment involves breaking up or surgically removing the stones and treating any underlying causes. Leaving bladder stones untreated can lead to urinary tract infections or bladder dysfunction.
Urolithiasis evaluation and management brief
This document outlines the evaluation and management of urolithiasis by the Department of Urology at Govt Royapettah Hospital and Kilpauk Medical College in Chennai. It discusses the moderators, evaluation including history, examinations, imaging and laboratory tests. Management is covered including general measures, medical management, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, endoscopic procedures like ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and open surgeries. Indications and complications of the different treatment methods are also provided.
Recommended
Baldder calculi neo
Bladder stones are mineral deposits that form in the bladder. They were once common among poor children and adolescents with poor diets but are now rare due to improved nutrition. Bladder stones can be primary, forming in sterile urine, or secondary, forming due to infection, outflow obstruction, or foreign bodies. They are usually composed of calcium oxalate but can also contain uric acid, triple phosphate, or cysteine depending on the individual's condition. Clinically, bladder stones cause symptoms like urinary frequency, pain during urination, blood in the urine, and interrupted urinary flow. Diagnosis is made through urine analysis, ultrasound, or x-ray. Treatment involves removing the cause if present as well as breaking
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This document defines and describes different types of bladder stones. Primary stones develop in sterile urine, while secondary stones occur due to infection, outflow obstruction, or impaired bladder emptying. The most common type is mixed stones. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, ultrasound, and radiography. Treatment depends on the cause but may include lithotripsy, percutaneous litholapaxy, or catheter removal to break up the stones. Various modalities like lithotrites, lasers, and evacuators are used for fragmentation and removal of stones and stone fragments from the bladder.
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Urinary stones
Kidney stones are a common problem worldwide with substantial morbidities and economic costs. Medical therapy reduces stone recurrence significantly.
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Management of nephrolithiasis
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is a disease affecting the urinary tract. Kidney stones are small deposits that build up in the kidneys, made of calcium, phosphate and other components of foods. They are a common cause of blood in urine.
Kidney stone formation may result when the urine becomes overly concentrated with certain substances. These substances in the urine may complex to form small crystals and subsequently stones.
A number of blood and urine tests will be required to detect the presence of infection and test the function of the kidneys
Bladder stones
Bladder stones are abnormal crystals that form in the bladder when urine is not fully emptied. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, painful urination, and blood in the urine. Bladder stones are most common in men over 30 and are often caused by conditions that obstruct urine flow like an enlarged prostate. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, CT scan, or ultrasound. Treatment involves breaking up or surgically removing the stones and treating any underlying causes. Leaving bladder stones untreated can lead to urinary tract infections or bladder dysfunction.
Urolithiasis evaluation and management brief
This document outlines the evaluation and management of urolithiasis by the Department of Urology at Govt Royapettah Hospital and Kilpauk Medical College in Chennai. It discusses the moderators, evaluation including history, examinations, imaging and laboratory tests. Management is covered including general measures, medical management, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, endoscopic procedures like ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and open surgeries. Indications and complications of the different treatment methods are also provided.
Renal stones
Kidney stones form when dietary minerals in urine become concentrated enough to crystallize. They are typically classified by location and chemical composition, with calcium salts and uric acid being most common. Risk factors include diet, medical conditions, and family history. Stones form through supersaturation when urine is too concentrated for minerals to remain in solution. Symptoms include flank pain, nausea, and blood in urine. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, and imaging tests like ultrasound or CT. Treatment focuses on resolving underlying causes and preventing stone recurrence.
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This document discusses the evaluation and management of urolithiasis or kidney stones. It begins with an overview of the burden of kidney stones, noting the prevalence and high recurrence rates. It then covers the clinical, radiological, and metabolic evaluation of patients with suspected kidney stones. The majority of the document discusses various treatment approaches for kidney stones including medical expulsive therapy, shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and dietary and fluid management recommendations. Complications of different surgical procedures are also summarized.
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There are four main types of kidney stones: calcium, uric acid, struvite, and cystine. Calcium stones are the most common, forming when there are high levels of calcium or oxalate in the urine. Uric acid stones form when urine is acidic. Struvite stones often form due to urinary tract infections, and can grow quite large. Cystine stones occur in people with a rare genetic disorder. Kidney stones are diagnosed through physical exams, blood and urine tests, and imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment involves increasing fluid intake, using medication to prevent stone formation, or surgical procedures like ESWL to break up stones.
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- Risk factors for stone formation include age, sex, family history, diet, fluid intake, medical conditions, and anatomical abnormalities.
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This document discusses calculus disease, including epidemiology, etiology, types of stones, clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment options. Some key points:
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- Risk factors include diet, climate, urine composition, infection, immobilization, and metabolic conditions.
- Common stone types are calcium oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, cystine, xanthine, and struvite.
- Clinical presentation includes renal colic pain radiating from the flank to the groin, sometimes with hematuria. Investigations include blood tests, urine analysis, X-rays
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This document discusses urinary stone disease (kidney stones). It reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and types of kidney stones. It also reviews guidelines for management from the American Urological Association. The main points are:
- Kidney stone prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially for calcium stones. Risk factors include metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
- The major stone types are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid and struvite. Composition depends on urine composition and risk factors.
- Pathogenesis involves supersaturation of urine leading to crystallization of stone-forming substances. Hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria are common contributing factors.
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Kidney stones form when dietary minerals in urine become concentrated enough to crystallize. They are typically classified by location and chemical composition, with calcium salts and uric acid being most common. Risk factors include diet, medical conditions, and family history. Stones form through supersaturation when urine is too concentrated for minerals to remain in solution. Symptoms include flank pain, nausea, and blood in urine. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, and imaging tests like ultrasound or CT. Treatment focuses on resolving underlying causes and preventing stone recurrence.
Urolithiasis -Modern Management
This document discusses the evaluation and management of urolithiasis or kidney stones. It begins with an overview of the burden of kidney stones, noting the prevalence and high recurrence rates. It then covers the clinical, radiological, and metabolic evaluation of patients with suspected kidney stones. The majority of the document discusses various treatment approaches for kidney stones including medical expulsive therapy, shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and dietary and fluid management recommendations. Complications of different surgical procedures are also summarized.
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1. Orchitis and epididymo-orchitis are usually caused by blood-borne infections like Chlamydia, gonorrhea, or E. coli. They present with acute pain and swelling of the testes or epididymis.
2. Undescended testes occur in 1% of boys after 1 year of age and can lead to infertility if not treated. Risk factors include prematurity and family history. Treatment is orchidopexy to bring the testes into the scrotum.
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- It most commonly affects men over 40 and can also affect newborns. There are various types including primary/idiopathic, secondary, congenital, and infantile hydroceles.
- Signs include fluctuant, transilluminant scrotal swelling. Surgical treatments include tapping, evacuation/eversion, and excision of the hydrocele sac. Ayurveda views it as caused by suppressed urges to urinate.
Acute abdomen
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- Kidney stones are common and recurrent in many patients. Calcium oxalate and uric acid stones account for over 75% of cases.
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This document discusses kidney stones (urolithiasis), including:
- Types of stones are classified by composition, x-ray appearance, or size and shape. Common types include calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones.
- Risk factors for stone formation include age, sex, family history, diet, fluid intake, medical conditions, and anatomical abnormalities.
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- Risk factors include diet, climate, urine composition, infection, immobilization, and metabolic conditions.
- Common stone types are calcium oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, cystine, xanthine, and struvite.
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This document discusses urinary stone disease (kidney stones). It reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and types of kidney stones. It also reviews guidelines for management from the American Urological Association. The main points are:
- Kidney stone prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially for calcium stones. Risk factors include metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
- The major stone types are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid and struvite. Composition depends on urine composition and risk factors.
- Pathogenesis involves supersaturation of urine leading to crystallization of stone-forming substances. Hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria are common contributing factors.
-
Urinary Outflow Obstruction
The document describes a case of a 62-year-old man presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms due to bladder outflow obstruction. Investigations including ultrasound, CT scan and cystoscopy revealed a heterogeneous mass arising behind the bladder, which was diagnosed as a neoplastic mucocele of the appendix causing extrinsic compression of the bladder neck.
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FOLLOW THE YOU TUBE CHANNEL FOR FUTURE UROLOGY VIDEO
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Nephrolithiasis
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NEPHROLIATHISIS.pptx
Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys from substances in urine. They can cause sharp, intense pain as they move through the urinary tract. Diet, excess weight, medical conditions, and certain supplements/medications increase the risk of developing kidney stones. Passing small stones may only require pain medication and increased fluid intake, but larger stones or those causing complications may require surgery to remove.
URETERAL OBSTRUCTION_ (blessy).pdf
This document discusses ureteral obstruction, which is a blockage in the ureters that connect the kidneys to the bladder. It can be caused by various congenital issues, injuries, tumors, or other problems that prevent the normal flow of urine. Left untreated, ureteral obstruction can lead to urinary tract infections, kidney damage, and even kidney failure or sepsis. Treatment aims to remove or bypass the blockage through minimally invasive or open surgical procedures, with the goal of restoring urine flow and preventing long-term kidney damage.
Urinary pathology
The document discusses several conditions that affect the urinary system, including:
1. Wilm's tumor, which is the most common malignant kidney tumor in children, peaking between ages 3-4. It is treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy.
2. Polycystic kidney disease, which involves clusters of cysts developing in the kidneys. It can be inherited and has symptoms like high blood pressure and kidney failure.
3. Kidney stones, which are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause pain when they move to the ureters. Treatment depends on stone size and symptoms.
Urinary pathology
The document discusses several conditions that affect the urinary system, including:
1. Wilm's tumor, a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children between ages 3-4. It is treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy.
2. Polycystic kidney disease, a genetic disorder where cysts develop within the kidneys, causing high blood pressure, kidney failure, and other issues.
3. Kidney stones, hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause pain when passing through the ureters. Treatment depends on stone size and symptoms.
Urinary pathology
Wilm's tumor is a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children, most commonly between ages 3-4. It arises when kidney cells fail to develop properly in the womb. Standard treatment is surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. A patient's prognosis depends on tumor stage and characteristics under microscopy.
Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder where cysts develop within the kidneys, causing high blood pressure, kidney failure, and other issues. There are two types - autosomal dominant and recessive - which are passed down differently. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and management focuses on complications.
Kidney stones form from mineral crystal buildup in the kidneys, often causing severe pain.
presentation-kidney-stonefinal.pptx
Kidney stones form when minerals in urine crystallize and accumulate in the kidneys. The document discusses the types, causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of kidney stones. Calcium, uric acid, and struvite stones are the most common types. Risk factors include dehydration and family history. Symptoms include flank pain and blood in the urine. Treatment involves pain medication, increased fluid intake, and sometimes surgical procedures like lithotripsy to break up stones.
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Kidney Stones Causes, Symptoms and treatment options.pptx
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Bladder stone Presentation
- 1. BLADDER STONE System:- Excretory System Presented By: Hassan Nawazish
- 2. What is Bladder Stone? • Hard masses of minerals. • Develop when the minerals in concentrated urine crystallize. • Often happens when you can't completely empty your bladder.
- 3. Symptoms • Lower abdominal pain • A burning sensation during urination. • Frequent urination. • Difficulty urinating. • Blood in the urine. • Cloudy or abnormally dark-colored urine.
- 4. Causes • Prostate gland enlargement * Can cause bladder stones in men. * Can obstruct the flow of urine. • Damaged nerves * Nerves from brain, directing your bladder muscles to tighten or release. * If damage — from a stroke, spinal cord injury or other health problem. * your bladder may not empty completely.
- 5. • Kidney stones * Stones that form in your kidneys are not the same as bladder stones. * Small kidney stones may travel down the ureters into your bladder * Can grow into bladder stones.
- 6. Risk factors Bladder stones are common in children because of • Dehydration • Infection • Abnormalities in the urinary tract • Low-protein diet
- 7. Prevention You can decrease your chance of developing bladder stones by following these tips: • Early diagnosis and treatment of an enlarged prostate or another urological condition. • Drink plenty of fluids especially water, may help prevent bladder stones because fluids dilute the concentration of minerals in your bladder.
- 8. Diagnosis • Urinalysis A sample of urine may be collected and examined for microscopic amounts of blood, bacteria and crystallized minerals. A urinalysis also helps determine whether you have a urinary tract infection, which can cause or be the result of bladder stones. • Computerized tomography (CT) CT uses X-rays and computers to quickly scan and provide clear images of the inside of your body . • Ultrasound An ultrasound, which bounces waves to create pictures in your body, can help your doctor detect bladder stones.
- 9. Treatment • Breaking stones apart (cystolitholapaxy) A small tube with a camera at the end (cystoscope) is inserted through your urethra and into your bladder to view the stone. Your doctor then uses a laser, ultrasound or mechanical device to break the stone into small pieces and flushes the pieces from your bladder. • Surgical removal Bladder stones that are large or too hard to break up are removed through surgery.Doctor makes an incision in your bladder and directly removes the stones.
- 10. References • Will be issue on demand.
- 11. The End