Poster Research Methodology

1. Assignment: Research Methodology
Submitted To: Dr. Nabeel Arif
Submitted By: Hassan Nawazish
Registration Number: 275384
Degree MS Biomedical Engineering
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

2. 1 M. E. Hanley, and B. Manna, 'Hyperbaric, Diabetic Foot Ulcer', in Statpearls (Treasure Island (FL):
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Diabetic Ulcers', Expert opinion on emerging drugs, 18 (2013), 207-17.
6 S. D. Ramsey, K. Newton, D. Blough, D. K. McCulloch, N. Sandhu, G. E. Reiber, and E. H.
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(1999), 382.
Diabetic Ulcers are one of the largest disease in the U.S. Approximately,
3% deaths are caused by diabetes. Diabetes is a condition wherein the
body can no longer control blood glucose, which leads to dangerously high
levels of blood glucose. This is called hyperglycemia. Diabetic foot ulcers
are common and estimated to affect 15% of all diabetic individuals during
their lifetime[1].It is now appreciated that 15 – 20% of patients with such
foot ulcers go on to need an amputation[2].Foot ulcer is different from
normal wounds with respect to location and healing rate . Foot ulcers can
not heal without proper medication. So there is need to supply proper
drug to the ulcer with controlled amount of drug . In this study we
designed a device which is able to supply proper and controlled amount of
drug to wound using sensors and image processing techniques. Device is
comfortable for patients and increase the rate of healing of foot ulcer .
Diabetic foot is often quite a dreaded disability, with long stretches of
hospitalization, and impossible, mounting expenses, with the dangling
end result of an amputated limb. The phantom limb plays its own cruel
joke on the already demoralized psyche. The diabetic foot, no wonder, is
one of the most feared complications of diabetes.[3] Diabetic foot ulcers
are among the most common complications of patients who have
diabetes mellitus which is not well controlled. It is usually the result of
poor glycemic control, underlying neuropathy, peripheral vascular
disease, or poor foot care. It is also one of the common cause for
osteomyelitis of the foot and amputation of lower extremities. These
ulcers are usually in the areas of the foot which encounters repetitive
trauma and pressure sensations. Preventing the diabetic foot should be
the first priority. This can be achieved by identifying the high-risk
individuals, like those with peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular
disease, foot deformities, and presence of callus.[4] Diabetic ulcers are
chronic non-healing ulcerations that despite the available medical tools
still result in high amputation rates. Growing evidence suggests that
alteration of the biochemical milieu of the chronic wound plays a
significant role in diabetic wound healing impairment.
SUBJECTS:
The dataset used for the case study was pre-recorded from 27 patients
with no prior history of any other decease . All the subjects volunteered
for the experiment and gave written consent before the experiment.
DATA ACQUISITION:
Pre-record dataset contained data in the form of images and signals .
Images were taken from same camera of specific resolution and signals
were recorded by using multiple sensors . As 27 patients have different
stages of ulcer that is why the images and signals of different subjects are
different from each other . But these signals and images are labeled by
doctors and clinicians.
NEURAL NETWORKS:
All recorded data of signals and images used to train the neural network
such as SVM,CNN,KNN etc . The optimizer we used to increase the
accuracy was ADAM optimizer , Logistic Gradient and Gradient Descent etc
.The weights of features were selected and varying features have more
weights as compare to less varying parameters. Overall data was divided
into training set and testing set . We trained the model to predict the
stage of diabetic foot ulcer.
Device Design:
The electrical design consist of microcontroller fixed in printed circuit
board where it is electrically connected to a camera and sensors and
motor which is used in drug delivery mechanism.
The motor vibrates and mechanically delivers the controlled amount of
drug to Diabetic foot ulcer with respect to the stage of Ulcer.
Increasing Healing Rate of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Hassan Nawazish
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
National University of science and technology , Islamabad
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
By the year 2050, it is predicted that as much as 10% of the general
population will have been diagnosed with DM and 15% will be expected to
develop a DFU in their lifetime. The cost of treating DFU weighs heavily on the
US medical system, with an annual cost of 4 billion USD. In addition to the
cost, the fact that 85% of lower extremity amputations are preceeded by a
DFU is an alarming call to action[5].The device is able to diagnose properly as
well as it is a therapeutic device which delivers the control amount of drug on
wound site . The rate of healing of wound is increased due to this
device.Previously On or after the time of diagnosis, 77 (15%) patients
developed osteomyelitis and 80 (15.6%) required amputation. Survival at 3
years was 72% for the foot ulcer patients versus 87% for a group of age- and
sex-matched diabetic patients without foot ulcers (P < 0.001). The
attributable cost for a 40- to 65-year-old male with a new foot ulcer was
$27,987 for the 2 years after diagnosis[6].So as the cost is also improved by
this.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author expresses his gratitude to Dr Umer Ansari for his feedback and
support, Afaq Ahmed Noor for his assistance and contributions in this work
and to all subjects who took part in this study.
These results are showing the rate of increase of healing of diabetic foot
ulcers in term of days.And other figure is showing the number of layers in
Neural Network to train the model.
REFERENCES