Wilm's tumor is a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children, most commonly between ages 3-4. It arises when kidney cells fail to develop properly in the womb. Standard treatment is surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. A patient's prognosis depends on tumor stage and characteristics under microscopy. Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder where cysts develop within the kidneys, causing high blood pressure, kidney failure, and other issues. There are two types - autosomal dominant and recessive - which are passed down differently. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and management focuses on complications. Kidney stones form from mineral crystal buildup in the kidneys, often causing severe pain.

1. URINARY PATHOLOGY Mary E. Martin Biology 120