The document provides an overview of cloning, defining it as the process of creating genetically identical organisms, with an emphasis on the difference between natural and artificial clones. It details the types of artificial cloning, including gene, reproductive, and therapeutic cloning, while discussing their implications in fields like medicine, agriculture, and environmental cleanup. Conclusively, the author highlights the significant potential of cloning technology in various sectors.

1. CLONING
DR. C. BEULAH JAYARANI
M.SC., M.A, M.ED, M.PHIL (EDN), M.PHIL (ZOO), NET, PH.D
ASST. PROFESSOR,
LOYOLA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, CHENNAI - 34

2. CONTENT
• Cloning
• Clone
• Types of clones – Natural and Artificial
• Types of Artificial Cloning
• Conclusion

3. WHAT IS CLONING?
Cloning is an experimental technique,
wherein a group of morphologically and
genetically identical organisms are
produced.

4. CLONE
• The term “Clone” – invented
by J.B.S. Haldane
• The term is applicable only
to living species.

5. CLONE
• Derived from Greek word – ‘klon’ – twig
(new plant created from a twig)

6. DEFINITION OF A CLONE
A clone may be defined as an exact carbon copy
of a single genetic parent.

7. TYPES OF CLONES
CLONE
1. NATURAL
CLONE
2. ARTIFICIAL
CLONE

8. 1. NATURAL CLONE
Identical twins
• They are produced when a
fertilized egg splits creating 2
or more embryos that carry
almost identical DNA.

9. 2. ARTIFICIAL CLONE
Induced clones
• Developed by nuclear
transfer into the host
cell.
• Done using somatic
cell

10. TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL CLONING
1. GENE CLONING
2. REPRODUCTIVE CLONING
3.THERAPEUTIC CLONING

11. GENE CLONING / DNA CLONING
• The procedure consists of inserting a gene from
one organism, often referred to as “foreign
DNA” into the vector.
• The vector is placed in laboratory conditions
that prompt it to multiply, resulting in the gene
being copied many times over.

12. GENE CLONING

14. INSULIN PRODUCTION BY RECOMBINANT
BACTERIA

15. REPRODUCTIVE CLONING
• In reproductive cloning, researchers remove a
mature somatic cell from an animal that they
wish to copy.
• They then transfer the DNA of the donor
animal’s somatic cell into an egg cell, or
oocyte, that has had its own nucleus removed.

16. DR. IAN WILMUT WITH DOLLY SHEEP
• JULY 5TH,1996
• Roslin Institute
• Scotland

17. DEVELOPMENT OF DOLLY

19. THERAPEUTIC CLONING
• Therapeutic cloning holds the most promise
of valuable medical advancement.
• In Therapeutic Cloning Stem Cells are used.

20. STEM CELLS
Stem cells are undifferentiated
biological cells that can
differentiate into specialized
cells and can divide (through
mitosis) to produce more stem
cells. They are found in
multicellular organisms.

21. CHARACTERISTICS OF STEM CELLS

22. TYPES OF STEM CELLS
• Embryonic stem cells
• Cord blood stem cells
• Tissue-specific stem cells/Adult stem cells

23. THERAPEUTIC CLONING
• It is the process by which a person's DNA is
used to grow an embryonic clone.
• However, instead of inserting this embryo into
a surrogate mother, its cells are used to
grow stem cells.

26. CONCLUSION
Thus, cloning can be profitably used in the
fields of
• Medicine
• Agriculture
• Animal Husbandry
• Environmental cleaning