biomass presentation for electrical engineers

1. SEMINAR ON
BIOMASS ENERGY
Submitted To:- Submitted By:-
Er. Kapil Sethi Abid Seraj
H.O.D of E.E.E Deptt. Roll No:-1514680
Sem. 7th (EEE Branch)
Course:- B.Tech

2. • Bioenergy is energy derived from biomass
and biogas source. It is arenewableenergy
source.

3. • Biomassis organic matter from plants, micro-
-organism grown on land and water and their
derivatives. The energy obtain from biomass is
also called the biomass energy. It is a renew-
-able energy source. Because organic matter
generated everyday. Coal, petroleum, natural
gas are not come in biomass category because
they produce from dead, burried biomass
under high pressure and temperature during
several millions of year.

4. • Biomassare classified in three group…..
1. Biomass from cultivated like fields, crops,
forests etc.
2. Biomassderived from wastes like municipal
waste, animal dung etc.
3. Biomassconverted into liquid fuels.
• In first group the biomass is directly
converted into energy by burning thebiomass.

5. Second group the biomass is
obtain
fermented anaerobically to
gaseousfuel like bio-gas.

6.  material (such as agricultural energy crops like
Giant King Grass) in the absence of oxygen
resulting in the creation of methane and carbon
dioxide, which make up the composition of
biogas. This process is called anaerobic digestion
and occurs in large enclosed tanks. The biogas is
collected from the anaerobic digestion tanks and
processed through a generator to produce
renewable electricity.
• Naturally occurring bacteria breakdown organic

8. 1. Direct combustion
2. Thermochemical conversion
3. Biochemical conversion
directcombustion:-
Combustion is the oldest and
most frequently applied process to extract the
energy content from solid biomass. During
combustion, most of the energy is released in form
of heat. Different thermodynamic processes can be
used to transform part of this heat into electric
power.

10. • Thermochemical conversion the process
convert the biomass and its residues to fuel,
chemicals and power using gasification
heating of biomass with about one third of
oxygen is necessary for complete combustion
produce mixture of co2 and hydrogen known
as syngas. Pyrolysis heating biomass in
absence or produce a liquid pyrolysis oil. They
both are useasfuel.

12. • Biochemical conversion by micro-organic
biomass to biofuel are slow processtaking
place low temperature. The principle
conversion process is fermentation.
Fermentation is aprocessof decomposition of
organic matter by micro-organism.
• Example fermentation, decomposition of
sugar to form ethanol and carbon dioxide by
yeast and ethanol forming acetic acid in
making vinegar.

14. • generating electricity.
• the producer gas from the biomass gasifier is
first cleaned and cooled and then used as a
fuel in an ICengine.
• Biomass gasifier plants in an industry or an
institute are usually used as captive power
generation unit. In India, a large number of
systems have been put-up in rice mills, with
rice-husk asthe feed material for gasifiers.

15. • BiomassEnergy(or Bioenergy) is arenewable energy.
• Biomass is always available it can be found anywhere
and includes organic matter such as plants, animals or
waste products from organicsources.
• Lesspollution is generated.
• Reduce Fossil Fuel dependency: With the majority of
homes and businesses using oil to provide energy, oil
will gradually run out if people do not switch to a
renewable energy source such as biomass. Once oil is
gone, it is gone forever. The use of biomass will
therefore reduce the dependency on fossilfuels.

16. Clean energy: Asbiomass is relatively
can be used in such
clean, it
commercial
meaning
businesses as airlines,
it is good for the
environment and good for businesses.

17. • Theinitial costsof abiomass ishigh.
• Harmful to the environment: Although there is a large
reduction of carbon dioxide emissions compared to
other systems, there is an increase in methane gases,
which canalso be harmful to theEarth’s ozone layer.
• Consumes more fuel: In order to acquire enough
lumber to power a plant, for example, companies
would have to clear large forest area. This makes the
use of trees and tree products to power machines
inefficient and cancreate environmentalproblems.
• Largearea require.

18.  different gases like fuel gas, sewer and in India
known as Gobar gas. Gas produced by the
breakdown of organic matter in the absence of
oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials
such as agricultural waste, municipal waste, plant
material, sewage, green waste or food waste. It is a
renewable energy source. Biogas can be produced by
anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria, which
digest material inside aclosed system.
• Biogas :-typically refers to a mixture of

20. • This type of biogas plant developed by china. In
china design it is usual to provide a mainhole
cover at the top inlet and outlet are connected at
a mid point of digester. Upper part of digester
above liquid surface provide storage space for
biogas. When gas is produced level of digester
liquid drops whereas that in outlet rises with
height difference between the two varying gas
pressure. This difference in height help to
regulate gas pressure within digester over a wide
range.

21. • No moving parts, therefore nomaintenance
problem.
• Longer working life.
• Low cost.
• Low operating cost.
• Largeamount of gasproduce.
• Spaceabove of the plant may useother
purpose

22. • Require skill masonsfor construction.
• Variable gaspressure.
• Problem of scumformation.

23. • This type is also known as floating dome type
biogas plants. A floating-drum plant consists of a
cylindrical or dome-shaped digester and a
moving, floating gas-holder, or drum. The gas-
holder floats either directly in the fermenting
slurry or in a separate water jacket. The drum in
which the biogas collects has an internal and/or
external guide frame that provides stability and
keeps the drum upright. If biogas is produced, the
drum moves up, if gas is consumed, the gas-
holder sinksback.

25. Floating-drums made of glass-fiber reinforced
plastic and high-density polyethylene havebeen
used successfully, but the construction costsare
higher compared to using steel. Floating-drums
made of wire-mesh-reinforced concrete are
liable to hairline cracking and are intrinsically
porous. Theyrequire agas-tight, elastic internal
coating. PVCdrums are unsuitable becausethey
are not resistant toUV.

26. • Constant gaspressure.
• No problem in gasleakage.
• Higher gasproduction.
• Scumproblem is less.
• Pressure is naturally equalised.

27. Moveable drum type
• High cost.
• High maintenance.
• Outlet pipe should be flexible. It require
regular attention.
• Heat is loss through gasholder.