This document discusses biomass energy. It defines biomass as organic matter produced through photosynthesis. Biomass can be converted into energy through direct combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, fermentation, and anaerobic digestion. Key sources of biomass include agricultural waste, urban waste, industrial waste, and forest waste. Biomass energy has advantages like being renewable and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, though it also has disadvantages like requiring land and having high construction costs. The document also discusses biogas and biofuels derived from biomass.
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
Starch-based feedstocks encompass grains like corn and wheat and tubers such as (sweet) potatoes and cassava. These feedstocks are rich in intricate chains of sugar molecules, making them readily convertible into fermentable sugars. These sugars can then undergo conversion into ethanol or drop-in fuels. Also, the fibrous components of these plants, such as wheat straw or corn stover, hold the potential for transformation into advanced Biofuel Industry, as seen in the case of cellulosic ethanol production.
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
Starch-based feedstocks encompass grains like corn and wheat and tubers such as (sweet) potatoes and cassava. These feedstocks are rich in intricate chains of sugar molecules, making them readily convertible into fermentable sugars. These sugars can then undergo conversion into ethanol or drop-in fuels. Also, the fibrous components of these plants, such as wheat straw or corn stover, hold the potential for transformation into advanced Biofuel Industry, as seen in the case of cellulosic ethanol production.
Microalgal applications for biofuel productionSAIMA BARKI
Finding alternate to fossil fuels and 21st century,,
The use of microalgae as an alternate for fossil fuel, need of hour not because of political concerns but because required for the food security of next generations.
Biofuel (AKA agrofuel): any fuel whose energy is obtained through a process of biological carbon fixation
Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources.
Biomass is Through photosynthesis plants convert sunlight energy into chemical energy.
Biomass is stored sunlight energy that can be converted to:
Electricity
Fuel
Heat
Fertilizer
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Microalgal applications for biofuel productionSAIMA BARKI
Finding alternate to fossil fuels and 21st century,,
The use of microalgae as an alternate for fossil fuel, need of hour not because of political concerns but because required for the food security of next generations.
Biofuel (AKA agrofuel): any fuel whose energy is obtained through a process of biological carbon fixation
Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources.
Biomass is Through photosynthesis plants convert sunlight energy into chemical energy.
Biomass is stored sunlight energy that can be converted to:
Electricity
Fuel
Heat
Fertilizer
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
3. INTRODUCTION
Biomass means all organic matter
produced by photosynthesis , on the
earth's surface.
Biomass energy is a renewable and
sustainable source of energy
derived from organic ,matter and can be
used to generate electricity and other
forms of power.
4.
5.
6. Field and plantation biomass
• Agricultural crop residues such as stalks, cobs , straw , cane thrashes
and etc
• Edible matters from crops
• Leaves , barks and wood
• Livestock wastes from fields
Urban waste biomass
• Municipal solid wastes
• Sewage sludges
• Kitchen and canteen wastes
7. Industrial biomass
• Agroindustrial processed biomass and their wastes : husk
• Oil cake
• Sugar and molasses
• Hides and skin wastes
• Fruit and pulp debris
10. DIRECT
COMBUSTION
• Simplest method of extracting energy from biomass.
• Biomass is burned to produce steam , the steam turns
a turbine and the turbine drives a generator ,
producing electricity.
• It has very low efficiency.With open fire most of the heat is
wasted and is not used to cook or whatever.
11. GASIFICATION
• A process that exposes a solid fuel to high temperatures and
limited oxygen , to produce a gaseous fuel.
• The gas produced by the process is a mix of gases such
as carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, methane
• The gas is then used to drive a
high efficiency , combined cycle gas turbine
12. PYROLYSIS
• Heating the biomass to drive off the volatile matter and
leaving behind the charcoal
• This process has doubled the energy density of the original
mater
• Heat is used to chemically convert biomass into pyrolysis
oil, which become easier to transport
• It is the process in which heating of biomassin a closed
vessel at temp 500 to 900 c in the absence of oxygen.
13. FERMENTATION
• Also called as aerobic digestion; converts sugar to ethanol
• People have used yeasts and other microorganisms to ferment the sugar of
various plants into ethanol
• Producing fuel from biomass by fermentation is just an extension of this
process.
• Process involves addition of yeasts or other microorganisms for the
conversion of plants glucose into an alcohol
• Example : biofuels (ethanol)
14. ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
• The anaerobic digestion is anaerobic fermentation involves in
the conversion of decaying wet biomass and animal waste into
biogas through decomposition process by the action of anerobic
bacteria
• Most useful for production of biogas
15. BIOGAS
• Biogas is environmental friendly , renewable
energy source. It's produced when organic
matter, such as food or animal waste, broken
down by microorganisms in the absence of
oxygen.
• Biogas can occur naturally or as part of
an industrial process to intentionally create it
as a fuel .It contain mainly methane and
co2.it can also include small amount
of hydrogen sulphide , siloxanes of some
moistures.
18. BIOFUELS
• Biofuel is an inexhaustible ,
biodegradable fuel manufactured from
biomass like starch , agricultural waste ,
molasses and algae.
TYPES OF BIOFUELS
• Bio methanol
• Bioethanol(crops of corn and wheat)
• Bio diesel(crops of oil seeds are used)
19. Uses of biomass
• 80% of biomass energy is produced for residential use
• 79% of the biomass we use today coming from burning woods and
chips
• Biomass is used to heat homes ,wood is burned in open fires or wood
pellet boilers and stoves.
• 18% of biomass is produced for industrial use
• 2% of biomass energy is produced for transport
21. Biomass Energy in India
• India produces about 450-500 million tonnes of biomass per year. Biomass
provides 32% of all the primary energy use in the country at present
• . EAI estimates that the potential in the short term for power from biomass in
India varies from about 18,000 MW, when the scope of biomass is as
traditionally defined, to a high of about 50,000 MW if one were to expand the
scope of definition of biomass.
• The current share of biofuels in total fuel consumption is extremely low and is
confined mainly to 5% blending of ethanol in gasoline, which the government
has made mandatory in 10 states.
• Currently, biodiesel is not sold on the Indian fuel market, but the government
plans to meet 20% of the country’s diesel requirements by 2020 using
biodiesel.
22. CONTINUATION
• Plants like Jatropha curcas, Neem, Mahua and other wild plants are identified
as the potential sources for biodiesel production in India.
• There are about 63 million ha waste land in the country, out of which about 40
million ha area can be developed by undertaking plantations of Jatropha. India
uses several incentive schemes to induce villagers to rehabilitate waste lands
through the cultivation of Jatropha.
• The Indian government is targeting a Jatropha plantation area of 11.2 million
hectares by 2012.
23. Advantages of biomass energy
Is abundant , secure ,
environmental friendly , and
renewable source of energy
It can be used to generate
electricity with the same
equipment or in the same power
plants that are now fossil fuels
It is carbon neutral
Less expensive than fossil fuels
and it reduces the overrelience of
fossil fuels
Less garbage in land fills
Biomass production adds a
revenue source for
manufacturers
24. Disadvantages of biomass energy
CAN BECOME NON-
RENEWABLE ENERGY
BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT
REQUIRES LAND
BIOMASS PLANTS REQUIRESA
LOT OF SPACE
COST OF CONSTRUCTIONOF
BIOGAS PLANT IS HIGH
IT POLLUTESTHE
ENVIRONMENT
TRANSPORTATIONOF BIOGAS
THROUGH PIPSOVER LONG
DISTANCES IS DIFFICULT
25. Conclusion
We have come to know that it is a type of
renewable energy that is obtained from
the easily available sources
It causes pollution but not as harmful as
fossil fuels
We must use this biomass energy as an
alternative to the energy sources that
produces pollution during burning
It can be concluded that biomass energy is
the best energy available in an immense
amount