The document describes several key eukaryotic organisms across multiple domains and kingdoms. It provides details on their defining characteristics like cellular structures, organelles, life cycles, and habitats. Examples discussed include protists like Euglena and Paramecium, algae like diatoms and kelp, and multicellular organisms like red and green algae.

2. Domain Eukarya (Protists)
• Membrane bound nucleus
• Mitochondria and intercellular structures
(endosymbiosis)
• Cytoskeleton
• Linear chromosomes
• Meiosis and mitosis
• 3 life cycles – diplontic – haplontic - diplohapontic
• 5 types – Mixotrophic – Algae – Protozoa –
Absorptive protists – Plankton

3. Nucleus
Domain Intercellular structures
Cytoskeleton
Eukarya Linear chromosomes
Meiosis and Mitosis
Supergroup Unicellular
Excavata Feeding groove down body
Flagella
2 Identical haploid nuclei
No Meiosis and Mitosis
Kingdom Many flagellum
Diplomonadida Lack of intercellular structures
Parasites
Anaerobic
Similar to bactirea

4. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Excavata
• Kingdom Diplomonadida
• Genus Giardia
• Species Lamblia
“Beaver Fever”
Look for:
• Two nuclei
• Multiple flagellae
• “face like” apperance
Only cyst can live outside host

5. Nucleus
Domain Intercellular structures
Cytoskeleton
Eukarya Linear chromosomes
Meiosis and Mitosis
Supergroup Unicellular
Excavata Feeding groove down body
Flagella
Flagellates
Kingdom All modes of nutrition
Euglenozoa Free-living, parasitic and pathogenic

6. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Excavata
• Kingdom Euglenozoa
• Phylum Kinetoplastida
• Genus Trypanosoma
“African Sleeping Sickness”
Look for:
• Purple squiggles (parasite)
• Attached to pink disks (blood cells)
• Ogopogo
Kinetoplast - crystalline form inside one
large mitochondrion at the base of the
flagellum. Contains extranuclear DNA

7. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Excavata
• Kingdom Euglenozoa
• Phylum Euglenophyta
• Genus Euglena
“Euglena”
Look for:
• Flagellum (pulling)
• Red eyespot
• Strange shaped chloroplasts
• Speedy and look like pickles
Chamber from which flagella
originate and mixotrophic, only
in the absence of light, mostly
autotrophic characteristics.

8. Nucleus
Domain Intercellular structures
Cytoskeleton
Eukarya Linear chromosomes
Meiosis and Mitosis
Supergroup Contain secondary endosymbiosis
Chromalveolata Contain plastid
Alveoli, small cavities under plasma membrane
Kingdom Flagella
Alveolata Free-living, parasitic and pathogenic

9. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Chromalveolata
• Kingdom Alveolata
• Phylum Dinoflagellata
• Genus Ceratium
“Red Tide”
Look for:
• Transverse groove and perpendicular grove
• Cellulose plates, can have spines/projections
• 2 Flagella
Chlorophylls a and c, bioluminescent

10. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Chromalveolata
• Kingdom Alveolata
• Phylum Ciliophora
• Genus Paramecium
• Species Caudatum
“Paramecium”
Look for:
• Cilia
• Oral grove (gullet) – eating
• Contractile vacuole – drinking
• Quick
• 2 types of nuclei Macro & Micro
Conjugation – sexual life cycle -
Diploid micronuclei (meiosis) to haploid
micronuclei, exchange genetic material
w/ another (sex), micronuclear fusion
(fertilization), to diploid
micronucleus, old macronucleus
disintegrates, new micronucleus
becomes macro.

11. Nucleus
Domain Intercellular structures
Cytoskeleton
Eukarya Linear chromosomes
Meiosis and Mitosis
Supergroup Contain secondary endosymbiosis
Chromalveolata Contain plastid
Kingdom Flagella with fine hair like projections
Stramenopila “Stramenopila” or “Tinsel flagella”

12. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Chromalveolata
• Kingdom Stramenopila
• Phylum Bacillariophyta
“Diatoms”
Look for:
• 2 symmetrical halves (valves)
• Complex, perfect silica structure
• Oil – food storage, buoyancy
• Laminarin – food storage, yellow colour
• Diatomatious earth – diatom
shells, commercial uses (filtering, light
abrasion)
• Asexual (most often) – 2 valves, box and
lid, split, make another(sm) “lid” – when too
small sexual reproduction occurs

13. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Chromalveolata
• Kingdom Stramenopila
• Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae)
• Genus Fucus
“Fucus”
Look for:
• Dioecious, Diploid life cycle – diploid
multicellular organism, haploid
gametes
• Holdfast, stipe(stem), air
bladder, blades/lamina
Autotrophic, brown algae, containing
fucoxanthin a pigment that absorbs blue
and yellow-green wavelengths. Ideal for
deep sea growth. Contain Laminarin (food
storage) and Algin (gel texture, comercial
uses)

14. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Chromalveolata
• Kingdom Stramenopila
• Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae)
• Genus Laminaria
“Kelp”
Look for:
• Dioecious Heteromorphic
Diplohaplontic life cycle. Gametes
and spores
• Holdfast, stipe(stem), air
bladder, blades/lamina
Autotrophic, brown algae, containing
fucoxanthin a pigment that absorbs
blue and yellow-green wavelengths.
Ideal for deep sea growth. Contain
Laminarin (food storage) and Algin (gel
texture, comercial uses)

15. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Chromalveolata
• Kingdom Stramenopila
• Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae)
• Genus Nereocystis
“Bull Kelp”
Look for:
• Dioecious Heteromorphic Diplohaplontic
life cycle. Gametes and spores
• Holdfast, stipe(stem), air bladder,
blades/lamina
Autotrophic, brown algae, containing
fucoxanthin a pigment that absorbs blue and
yellow-green wavelengths. Ideal for deep sea
growth. Contain Laminarin (food storage) and
Algin (gel texture, comercial uses)

16. Nucleus
Domain Intercellular structures
Cytoskeleton
Eukarya Linear chromosomes
Meiosis and Mitosis
Supergroup Flagella or Pseudopodia for movement
Unikonta Varied group
Pseudopodia
Kingdom Cytoplasmic streaming
Amoebozoa Inner cytoplasm(sol) streaming through more rigid
outer(gel), cytoplasm can covert from sol to gel

17. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Unikonta
• Kingdom Amoebozoa
• Phylum Myxogastrida
• Genus Physarum
• Species Polycephalum
“Slime Mold”
Look for:
• Colourful netlike structure
• Heteromorphic, Diplohaplontic
sporophytes and gametophytes look diff
• Coenocytic/plasmodium, large single cell
with many nuclei
Cellulose in cell walls (not chitin like fungi)
Glycogen used as food storage (like animals)

18. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Unikonta
• Kingdom Amoebozoa
• Phylum Gymnamoeba
• Genus Amoeba
“Amoeba”
Look for:
• Pseudopodia, false feet, used for
movement and Phagocytosis (feeding)
• Contractile (water) and food vacuoles

19. Nucleus
Domain Intercellular structures
Cytoskeleton
Eukarya Linear chromosomes
Meiosis and Mitosis
Primary Endosimbiosis
Supergroup Contain plastids
Archaeoplastida Chlorophyll A
Contain Cellulose and starch
2 Phycobilin pigments
Kingdom Phycocyanin and Phycoerythrin (also in cyanobacteria)
Rhodophyta No flagella
Complex sex cycle
Red Algae

20. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Archaeoplastida
• Kingdom Rhodophyta
“Red Algae”
Look for:
• Multicellular
• Red or dark colour
• Coralline algae – cell walls
contain calcium carbonate
Contain Pectin, in cell
walls, Agar, used as bacteria
growth medium, and
Carageenan, used to give
smooth consistency to foods.

21. Nucleus
Domain Intercellular structures
Cytoskeleton
Eukarya Linear chromosomes
Meiosis and Mitosis
Primary Endosimbiosis
Supergroup Contain plastids
Archaeoplastida Chlorophyll A
Contain Cellulose and starch
Green Algea
Kingdom Chlorophyll B
Chlorophyta Diverse
Similarities to Kingdom Plantae
Bridges the gap between single and multicellular

22. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Archaeoplastida
• Kingdom Chlorophyta
• Phylum Chlamydomonas
“Chlamydomonas”
Look for:
• 2 Flagella – front end(pull)
• Haplontic life cycle, diploid
zigote
• Red eye spot, respond to
light, phototaxic
Contains Pyrenoids that produce
and store starch

23. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Archaeoplastida
• Kingdom Chlorophyta
• Phylum Chlamydomonas (colony)
“Volvox”
Look for:
• Intercellular communication: eyespots
lager on one side, coordinated flagella,
directional movement, cells
differentiated for reproduction
• Haplontic Life cycle both asexual and
sexual.
Asexual – new daughter colonies inside
parent until parent disintegrated
Sexual – eggs and sperm can survive
freezing and drying, after hard times able to
make new colonies

24. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Archaeoplastida
• Kingdom Chlorophyta
• Genus Spirogyra
“Spirogyra”
Look for:
• Single cell, spiral, filamentous
• Haplontic life cycle
• Conjunction where 2 adjacent
filaments contents move trough
a conjunctive tube. Haploid
nuclei fuse creating a diploid
zygote. Meiosis produces
haploid cells and grow in to
new filaments .
Contains Pyrenoids that produce
and store starch

25. • Domain Eukarya
• Supergroup Archaeoplastida
• Kingdom Chlorophyta
• Genus Ulva
“Ulva”
Look for:
• Multicellular but only has 2 layers
of cells
• Monoecious Isomorphic
Diplohapontic life cycle.
Found in shallow costal waters, has a
small holdfast