This document discusses the use of hormones and pheromones in the behavioral control of insect pests. It defines hormones and pheromones, and describes the different types including juvenile hormones, ecdysteroids, gonadal hormones, neurohormones, and sex pheromones. It explains how various hormones regulate insect growth and development. It also outlines several methods of pest management that utilize hormones and pheromones, such as using juvenile hormone analogs, ecdysteroid derivatives, pheromone traps, and mating disruption. The document emphasizes that behavioral control of insects through their hormones and pheromones is an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach in integrated pest management.

2. BEHAVIOURAL CONTROLOF INSECT
PESTS IN IPM
Presented by,
RAKESH
Department of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU
Varanasi - 221005

4. Definition
Principle of control
Types of hormones
Management by hormones
HORMONES

5. Definition
“Hormones are the secretion of internal ductless
glands, which regulate the growth and
development of the insect”
(Dhaliwal, G.S.,2006).
•Means to ‘excite’ and endocrine in origin.
•Connection link between nervous system and endocrine
system.
•Recognised as ‘third generation pesticides’ (Prof. C.M.
Williams, 1967).

6. Principle of control
Stefan Kopec (1917,22) reported, brain of larva of
gypsy moth Lymantria dispar produces a hormone
which induces pupation.
Hormone is chemical signal sent from cells in one
part to cells in another parts of same individual.
Regarded as chemical messengers
Their effect may be stimulatory or inhibitory.

7. Types of hormones
A) Neurohormones
-Prothoracicotropic hormone -Eclosion hormone
-Allatotropin -Proctolin
-Allatostatin -Diapause hormones
-Bursicon -Diuretic hormones
B) Juvenile hormones
-Juvenoids or Juvenile hormones analogues
-Anti- juvenile hormones
C) Ecdysone or moulting hormone
D) Gonadal hormones
-Ovarian steroid hormone
-Testies steroid hormones
-Ecdysteroids in egg and embryo Dr. Tembhare D.B. (1997)

8. Brain Hormone
or neuro-hormone
synthesized by neurosecretory cells of
brain.
responsible for activation of CA and PTG.
Allatotropin activates CA,
Prothoracicotropin activates PTG.

9. Juvenile Hormones
produced by CA
synthetic analogues are called as
Juvenoids or JH mimics
Anti-JH agents which cause
mortality in insects

10. Ecdysone Hormones
or moulting hormone
produced by prothoracic gland
synthetic analogues are called as
Ecdysteroids
consist of two forms α-ecdysone and β-
ecdysone
moult inhibitors or chitin synthetic inhibitors
also useful

11. PEST
MANAGEMEN
T BY
HORMONES

12. Pest management by Juvenoids
They cause mortality in insect-pest by
Antimorphic effect
Larvicidal effect
Ovicidal effect
Diapause disrupting effect and
Inhibiting embryogenesis

13. Field Application of JHa
Dhaliwal G. S. (2006) & T.V. Sathe (2003)

14. Antihormones in pest control
•Interfere normal activities of hormones, cause
mortality.
•May function as anti-JH.
•Referred as Precocenes.
•Isolated from plant Ageratum houstoniaum (Bowers
et al, 1976).
•Induce precocious metamorphosis in milkweed bug
(Oncopeltus fasciatus)

15. Pest management by Ecdysoids
Dhaliwal G. S. (2006)

16. Moulting hormone Derivatives
T.V. Sathe (2003)

17. Pest management by Chitin
Synthesis Inhibitors
T.V. Sathe (2003)

18. PHEROMONESPHEROMONES
Principle of behavioral control
Introduction
Classification
Pheromone traps
Mode of pheromone application
Management by pheromones

19. IntroductIon
Pheromone
Is a chemical or mixture of chemical released
by an organism to outside (environment) that cause
specific reaction in a receiving organisms in same
species.
• Karlson and Butenandt coined the term
Pheromone ,1959.
• ‘Pherein’ means to carry or transfer.
• also called as ectohormones.
• Pheromones – Exocrine in origin.
• Volatile in nature serving as chemical means of
communication.

20. PrIncIPLE oF
PHEroMonAL controL
Aim at studying the behavior
regulating chemicals and exploiting
them for insect pest control.

21. Classification of Semiochemicals
K.P. Srivastava (2005)

22. SEX PHEROMONE
Represent diverse assemblage of
compounds.
Commonly released by females.
Out of 150 species, 100 species of females
and 50 species of male produces pheromones.
Female sex pheromone is important
than male.
P.C. Jain & M. C. Bhargava (2007)

23. CHEMiCal StRuCtuRE Of SEX
PHEROMONES

24. Insects producing
alarm pheromones
Hornet wasp Honey bees

25. Insects Producing Trail
Pheromone
Leaf cutting ants
( Atta texana )

26. Allelo-chemicals
ALLOMONES
Advantageous to the
releaser.
EX. Defensive
secretions of insects.
SYNOMONE
Advantages to both releaser
and recipient.
Endocrine secretion of
hymenopterans frequently
functions simultaneously both as
an allomone and kairomone.
KAIROMONES
Advantageous to
recipient.
EX. Male sex pheromone
in bug.

28. Different Pheromone Traps
FUNNEL TRAPFUNNEL TRAP PLASTIC MOTH TRAPPLASTIC MOTH TRAP
DELTA TRAPDELTA TRAP NOMATE TRAPNOMATE TRAP

29. Sex Pheromone Traps To Detect
And Destroy Cotton Bollworms

30. Mode of Pheromone Application
A) Micro encapsulation method
B) Hollow fiber method
C) Pheromone baited traps
D) Pheromone Dispensers
Michereff et al (2000)

31. ManageMen
t With
PheroMone

32. Control With sex
PheroMones.
Can be utilized by two ways :-
A)Population survey.
B)Behavioural manipulation.
a)Stimulation of normal approach
response.
b)Disruption of chemical
communication.

33. Management With Aggregate
Pheromone
Used on insect to aggregate and attack wrong host
plant
Logs infested with bark beetle (Dendroctonus
spp. ) were tied to unsuitable host tree
Attract to infesting insects.
Attack on that and died with starvation

34. Management With Alarm
Pheromones
Aphids threatened by predators , releases alarm
pheromones and stop feeding then move away
from site
Utilized to prevent colonization of the host plant
by aphids
And alarm pheromone spread
Increases mobility of aphid

35. bean aphid green peach aphid
Management With Alarm
Pheromones

36. Cost of Different
Protection Measures
Protection measures Cost of protection
(Rs./ha)
Insecticide application 1
Grannule + 2-3 spray
500-2000
Trichocard @ 2 lakh /ha for 6
wks (Rs. 50/20000)
3000
Pheromone trap @ 20/ha
(Rs. 30-35/trap)
600-750
JAU, Junagadh Anonymous (2005)

37. Pheromone Used For…
• Monitoring insect population.
• Control of urban pests.
• Monitor movement of exotic pests.
• Mass trapping of insects from breeding
and feeding potential.
• Disruption in mating of insect population.

38. ADVANTAGES
Effective in minute quantities.
Highly species specific.
Biodegradable, Non-persistent and non-polluting.
Non toxic to man, animals and plants.
Affects many aspects of insect development and physiology.
Labour saving.
Easy monitoring of pest population.
Best suited in IPM
Reduces risk of insecticide residues

39. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Eco-friendly and economically based IPM
Hormonal control effective against specific stages and periods
Needs popularization among farmers
Hormone analogues are unstable
Limits commercial viability, no quick result
Used effectively only at low population density
Control of all pests to be investigated with greater efforts
New trapping system need to ensure lure longevity and trap
efficiency