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Biological Control
- 2. Biological control is acomponent of an integrated pest management strategy. It is defined as the reduction of pest populations by natural enemies and typically involves an active human role. Keep in mind that all insect species are also suppressed by naturally occurring Thebehaviors and life cycles of natural enemies can be relatively simple or extraordinarily complex, and not all natural enemies of insects are beneficial to cropproduction. This is frequently referred to as natural control. This guide emphasizes the biological control of insects but biological control of weeds and plant diseases is also included.
- 3. As usual,the growthis fairyslowatfirst.Then,it speedsupandreach carrying capacity,a maximumnumberof a species, tobecomes stabilize. Biology control Natural selection Human technology Natural selection Populationgrowthbecomes balanced bylimiting factorsor restrictthatlimit the numberof populationssuch asavailablefood, water,shelters,etc. Also, pollutionandnatural disastershasplayedrolesin modifyingnumberofpopulation in anarea.
- 4. Human intervention alsotakes a big part of population changes such as global warming which is from the pollution causes by human, affects onmelting glacier andpolarbears’ population and deforestation decrease living space of animals. Human technology
- 5. What Causes PopulationGrowth? In the 1800s, there was approximately one billion people in the world. As of 2009, the world population has reached nearly seven billion. This increase in population growth is attributed to factors that increase fertility and reduce death Health Care Advances in health care technology and medicine allow fewer individuals to die from injuries and illnesses. Health care is so effective that euthanasia and the Hippocratic Oath are sometimes debated. Sanitation Better sanitation has lead to fewer diseases being spread through water and contaminated surfaces. Vaccines Vaccines have lead to the elimination of many diseases such as measles and tuberculosis. Measles and tuberculosis were once leading causes of death. Standard of Living and Fertility Standard of living has a complicated effect on population growth. Areas with low standards of living have high birth rates, but also have high infant mortality rates. As the standard of living increases, better medical care leads to lower infant mortality rates and fertility medications increase a woman's chance for pregnancy. But statistically, societies with high standards of living tend to stabilize and eventually decline.
- 6. “Biological pest control” Pestcontrolbyusingpesticidescan causes pollutionandresistanceofpests whichdevelops afterthe pestsescapefromthe deathandbecomes strongerthanothers.The pestshaveimmune to survivefromthesamepesticide.And it hasalarge percentage oftheoffspringtobeabletowithstand the pesticide. “ How does it works? ” Biologicalcontrolisamethodofcontrolling pestusing otherliving organisms,relying onpredation,parasitismor competitionrelationship, buttypicallyalsoinvolves an activehuman managementrole.Therearethreebasictypesof biologicalpestcontrol;importation(sometimescalled classical biological control),augmentationand conservation. Naturalenemies ofinsect pests,also knownas biological controlagents,includepredators,parasitoids, andpathogens.
- 7. How does itworks? Manyweedspecies survive fromyearto yearby producingseeds.Fungi orinsects thatattackseedscan reducethe numberofweed seeds storedin thesoil, which in turncanreducethe sizeoffutureweed populations. This lowersthe effortneededtocontrolthe remaining emerging weeds. http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv %3DqV3u6GF1FRw&h=QAQF_BznB What is biological control of weeds? Biological weed control involves using living organisms, such as insects, bacteria, or fungi, to reduce weed populations. In nature, nature, plants are controlled biologically by naturally occurring organisms. Plants become pests - and are labeled "weeds" - when they they run rampant because their natural enemies become ineffective or are nonexistent. The natural cycle may be interrupted when a a plant is introduced into a new environment.
- 8. Advantages Disadvantages Feed onthetarget organism Ittakes risk in affecting theirtarget organism but theyhavea riskto feed on beneficial organism because they prefer it over pest, maketheprogram unaffective. Leaving non-pest organisms undisturbed Theprocess is inexpensive oncethey are established, but layinggroundworkmay becostly. Inexpensivecompare to other control methods Long time Requirelittle humaneffort, biological agents spread on their own not all pest can be controlled. Beneficial animals and plants inan area areunaffected by this method of control. pest maybe so similar to a native orbeneficial plant or insect that the risk of introducing the control agent outweighs any benefits. biological control does not eliminate the entire pest population.