1) Semiochemicals are chemicals that modify behavior in organisms. They can be divided into pheromones and allelochemicals.
2) Pheromones are chemicals used for communication within a species. They can function as aggregation, alarm, releaser, signal, primer, territorial, trail, or sex pheromones.
3) Allelochemicals are chemicals used for communication between different species. They can be allomonea, kairomones, or synomones depending on whether they benefit the sender, receiver, or both.
A pheromone (from Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting outside the body of the secreting individual to impact the behavior of the receiving individual. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others that affect behavior or physiology. Pheromones are used from basic unicellular prokaryotes to complex multicellular eukaryotes. Their use among insects has been particularly well documented. In addition, some vertebrates and plants communicate by using pheromones.
A pheromone (from Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting outside the body of the secreting individual to impact the behavior of the receiving individual. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others that affect behavior or physiology. Pheromones are used from basic unicellular prokaryotes to complex multicellular eukaryotes. Their use among insects has been particularly well documented. In addition, some vertebrates and plants communicate by using pheromones.
Public Powerpoint for Animal Biology class 2016-20035 at NSU Broken Arrow campus. Presentation on Pheromones of phyla Chordata, Cnidaria, and Arthropoda using publicly available information and images referenced online.
ATTRACTANTS & REPELLENTS IN PEST CONTROL.pptxOm Prakash
ATTRACTANTS
Chemicals which elicit oriented movements by insects towards their source are called
insect attractants. They influence both gustatory and olfactory receptors
REPELLENTS
Substances whose stimuli elicit avoiding reactions or chemicals that prevent insect
damage to plants or animals by rendering them unattractive, unpalatable or offensive
are called repellents.
Animals secrete pheromones to trigger many types of behaviors, including:
raising an alarm
signaling a food trail
triggering sexual arousal
tell other female insects to lay their eggs elsewhere
delineating a territory
bond between mother and offspring
warning another animal to back off
Types of pheromone in the mammals and Their functionsArubSultan
Mammalian pheromones, including those of humans, occur in four varieties, primer, releaser, signaler, and modulator, which, respectively, affect endocrine responses, elicit behavior, provide information, and influence emotion.Pheromones assist in reproduction, feeding, social interactions and maternal-neonatal bonding in mammals. By definition and according to evolutionary theory, pheromones work within a species. Some chemicals operate between species
Definition of phermones and exocrine glands.pptxdaliamahmoud19
What is Pheromone
Difference between hormones and pheromone
Types of glands (exocrine and endocrine)
exocrine gland its origin and example
Types of exocrine gland (I—II—III)
function of exocrine glands
distribution of exocrine glands
This presentation includes detailed explanation of Animal communication via different examples present in nature. It includes all the different methods animals use to convey information to their species or the other animals in nature.
Public Powerpoint for Animal Biology class 2016-20035 at NSU Broken Arrow campus. Presentation on Pheromones of phyla Chordata, Cnidaria, and Arthropoda using publicly available information and images referenced online.
ATTRACTANTS & REPELLENTS IN PEST CONTROL.pptxOm Prakash
ATTRACTANTS
Chemicals which elicit oriented movements by insects towards their source are called
insect attractants. They influence both gustatory and olfactory receptors
REPELLENTS
Substances whose stimuli elicit avoiding reactions or chemicals that prevent insect
damage to plants or animals by rendering them unattractive, unpalatable or offensive
are called repellents.
Animals secrete pheromones to trigger many types of behaviors, including:
raising an alarm
signaling a food trail
triggering sexual arousal
tell other female insects to lay their eggs elsewhere
delineating a territory
bond between mother and offspring
warning another animal to back off
Types of pheromone in the mammals and Their functionsArubSultan
Mammalian pheromones, including those of humans, occur in four varieties, primer, releaser, signaler, and modulator, which, respectively, affect endocrine responses, elicit behavior, provide information, and influence emotion.Pheromones assist in reproduction, feeding, social interactions and maternal-neonatal bonding in mammals. By definition and according to evolutionary theory, pheromones work within a species. Some chemicals operate between species
Definition of phermones and exocrine glands.pptxdaliamahmoud19
What is Pheromone
Difference between hormones and pheromone
Types of glands (exocrine and endocrine)
exocrine gland its origin and example
Types of exocrine gland (I—II—III)
function of exocrine glands
distribution of exocrine glands
This presentation includes detailed explanation of Animal communication via different examples present in nature. It includes all the different methods animals use to convey information to their species or the other animals in nature.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. SEMIOCHEMICALS
• Chemicals that modify behavior in any way are
referred to as semiochemicals. Not only chemicals
stimulate but they might also inhibit certain
behaviors.
• Semiochemicals can be divided in two main classes:
• Pheromones: Chemicals that operate intra-
specifically. That is, among members of the same
species.
• Allelochemicals: Chemicals that operate inter-
specifically. That is among members from different
species.
5. What is a Pheromone?
Defined chemical signal between
members of the same species,
eliciting a particular behavior or
physiological change...”
6. Pheromone
• A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical
factor that triggers a social response in members
of the same species.
• Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting
outside the body of the secreting individual to
impact the behavior of the receiving individual.
• Their use among insects has been particularly well
documented. In addition, some vertebrates and
plants communicate by using pheromones.
7. Background
• The term "pheromone" was introduced by Peter
Karlson and Martin Lüscher in 1959.
• Pheromone is the Greek word pherein (to
transport) and hormone (to stimulate).
• It is also called as ecto-hormones.
• German biochemist Adolf Butenandt had
characterized the first such chemical, bombykol, a
chemically well-characterized pheromone released
by the female silkworm to attract mates
8. Classification of Pheromones
• Pheromones are classified based on their function-
1) Aggregation pheromone
2) Alarm pheromone
3) Epideictic pheromone
4) Releaser pheromone
5) Signal pheromone
6) Primer pheromone
7) Territorial pheromone
8) Trail pheromone
9) Sex pheromone
10) Others pheromone
9. Sex pheromone
• Sex pheromones are involved in reproduction
by attracting the opposite sex.
• In some species female pheromones are used
to attract the male.
• In other species male pheromones are used to
attract the female.
11. Alarm pheromone
• Alarm pheromones are used to warn members
of the same species about imminent danger.
• For example the aphids were using an alarm
pheromone to inform other members of their
species that they were attacked by a lady bug!
• As soon as aphids smell this alarm pheromone
they drop from the plant. In this way, even
aphids that are not being attacked by the lady
beetle fall to the ground.
13. Aggregation pheromone
• Aggregation pheromones are use to congregate
members of the same species in relatively big
numbers.
• They are used by organisms that need help to
invade a new area or habitat or plant.
• These conifer beetles for example do a better
job, or have a higher fitness when feeding in
group than when feeding individually.
15. Trail pheromone
• Trail pheromones are used by ants to mark
their trails so they can follow each other.
• Have you ever scratch the soil under an ant
trail? Do it and you will see how the ants get
confuse and lost for a while.
17. Host-marking pheromone
• Host marking pheromones are used by
parasitoids to avoid ovipositing on hosts
they or somebody else have oviposit
already.
• Hyper parasitoids may use these marking
pheromones to find their hosts.
19. 1) Aggregation
• Aggregation pheromones
function in mate selection,
overcoming host resistance by
mass attack, and defense
against predators.
• A group of individuals at one
location is referred to as an
aggregation, whether
consisting of one sex or both
sexes.
• Aggregation pheromones have
been found in members of the
Arthropods.
Aggregation of bug nymphs
20. 1) Aggregation
• Aggregation pheromones are
among the most ecologically
selective pest suppression
methods.
• They are nontoxic and
effective at very low
concentrations
Aggregation of bug nymphs
21. 2) Alarm
• Some species release a volatile
substance when attacked by a
predator that can trigger flight
or aggression in members of
the same species.
• Pheromones also exist in
plants: Certain plants emit
alarm pheromones when
grazed
tannin production
upon, resulting in
in
neighboring plants.
• These tannins make the plants
less appetizing for the
herbivore.
• Exm. : ants, bees, termites.
22. 4) Releaser
• Releaser pheromones are pheromones that cause an
alteration in the behavior of the recipient.
• In general, this type of pheromone elicits a rapid
response, but is quickly degraded.
• For example, some organisms use powerful attractant
molecules to attract mates from a distance of two
miles or more.
23. 5) Signal
• Signal pheromones cause short-term changes,
such as the neurotransmitter release that
activates a response.
functions as a
molecule
rats to elicit lordosis
• For instance, GnRH
neurotransmitter in
behavior.
24. 6) Primer
• Primer pheromones trigger a change of
developmental events (in which they differ from
all the other pheromones, which trigger a change
in behavior).
25. 7) Territorial
• Pheromones mark the boundaries and identity of
an organism's territory.
• In cats and dogs, these hormones are present in
the urine, which they deposit on landmarks
serving to mark the perimeter of the claimed
territory.
26. 8) Trail
• Trail pheromones are common in social insects.
• As long as the food source remains, the
pheromone trail will be continuously renewed.
• The pheromone must be continuously renewed
because it evaporates quickly.
• For example, ants mark their paths with these
pheromones, which are volatile hydrocarbons.
Certain ants lay down an initial trail of
pheromones as they return to the nest with
food.
• This trail attracts other ants and serves as a
guide.
27. 9) Sex
• In animals, sex pheromones indicate the availability
of the female for breeding.
convey information about their species
• Male animals may also emit pheromones that
and
genotype.