This comprises of compact yet detailed description about basic robotics. It gives description about different components that make up a robot and gives an idea on how to become advanced in robotics with an easy, user-friendly start.
A basic robotics workshop conducted for juniors at BIT Mesra in 2007. The presentation gives an overview of hobby robotics and necessary know how to get started building a robot.
A line follower robot, as the name suggests, is an automated guided vehicle, which follow a visual line embedded on the floor or ceiling.
Usually, the visual line is the path in which the line follower robot goes and it will be a black line on a white surface but the other way (white line on a black surface) is also possible.
Certain advanced line follower robots use the invisible magnetic fields as their paths.
A basic robotics workshop conducted for juniors at BIT Mesra in 2007. The presentation gives an overview of hobby robotics and necessary know how to get started building a robot.
A line follower robot, as the name suggests, is an automated guided vehicle, which follow a visual line embedded on the floor or ceiling.
Usually, the visual line is the path in which the line follower robot goes and it will be a black line on a white surface but the other way (white line on a black surface) is also possible.
Certain advanced line follower robots use the invisible magnetic fields as their paths.
Visiable Light is a robot that can sense and follow light. A user can shine a flashlight at its front and Light Rover will respond by following the light source. Light Rover uses a microcontroller for processing the sensor readings and responds by controlling the motors. The robot is designed with two sensors in mind, a left and a right. So when more light is detected on the left side, the robot will move towards it by rotating the right motor forward and the left motor backwards. The robot will know to move forward when both sensors receive about the same (by a margin we specify) amount of light.
The robot has two bipolar motors attached to front wheels of the robot. While rear wheels do not have any motor attached to them. The robot has two sensors fixed at its front panel separated by sufficient distance. It has a power supply & microcontroller circuitry placed inside the Light Rover.
We wanted to build a sensing light robot because microcontrollers are natural devices for sensing and responding to events.
Embedded Application : An Autonomous Robot or Line Follower BotEr. Raju Bhardwaj
This ppt describe the how to make a "Autonomous Robot" based on "Embedded Application". its also describe how to work on AVR Micro controller and software uses for it in sample and effective way.
we can make at home an autonomous robot or line following robot with the help of this ppt.
Obstacle Avoiding Robot
Robotics is a branch of science that deals with Mechanical, Electrical and Software fields. Robots are the machines that are used in our day-to-day to life to reduce men power and work accurately without any distortions. Robots can be classified into two different sections basing upon their skills as Automated and Manual. Obstacle detector is a Automated robot which itself recognizes the obstacle in its path and moves in free direction. Robot detects the obstacle by using two IR Sensors placed in front.
The IR sensors are placed on left and right side of the robot through which continuous Infrared radiation is emitted for detection of obstacles in the path. These IR Sensors are connected to a controlling element AT89c51 µc. When a obstacle is placed in the path of robot IR beam is reflected to the sensor from the obstacle. On detecting obstacle in the path sensor sends 0 volts to µc. This 0 voltage is detected by Microcontroller which avoids the obstacle by taking left or right turn. Similarly if the sensor sends +5v to Microcontroller, the Microcontroller assumes it as clear path and makes the robot to move in straight.
Two motors namely right motor and left motor are connected to Motor driver IC (L293D). L293D is interface with Microcontroller. Microcontroller sends logic 0 & logic 1 as per the programming to driver IC which makes motors to rotate in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. Wheels attached to the motors rotate accordingly with the motor shaft causing in the moment of the robot by wheels. In front portion of the robot a free wheel is attached to move the robot easily in any direction as per the requirement.
A 12Volts DC battery is attached to the circuit. As the microcontroller and sensors requires only 5v, set of resistors and capacitors are used to supply 5v DC to them. Power Management System is not maintained in the circuit as the battery can be removed after the usage of robot. So it does not cause any loss in the power of battery.
This type of robots has multiple applications in various fields. They can be used to know the strength of the opposite army in defense system. They can be used as floor and wall cleaners. They are used in automated GPS vehicles to calculate the moment of the vehicle overhead. These robots are easy to construct and cheaper in cost with long durability.
robotics and autonomus robots which follows a line.
For those who are intrested in robotics for that it is the best presentation om line follower,
for any query or comments plesase write mail
yashpatel.14,ce@iite.indusuni.ac.in
code is also embeded in the presentation.
it also include the video of the file follower robots run by this given code \
and in robocon
Visiable Light is a robot that can sense and follow light. A user can shine a flashlight at its front and Light Rover will respond by following the light source. Light Rover uses a microcontroller for processing the sensor readings and responds by controlling the motors. The robot is designed with two sensors in mind, a left and a right. So when more light is detected on the left side, the robot will move towards it by rotating the right motor forward and the left motor backwards. The robot will know to move forward when both sensors receive about the same (by a margin we specify) amount of light.
The robot has two bipolar motors attached to front wheels of the robot. While rear wheels do not have any motor attached to them. The robot has two sensors fixed at its front panel separated by sufficient distance. It has a power supply & microcontroller circuitry placed inside the Light Rover.
We wanted to build a sensing light robot because microcontrollers are natural devices for sensing and responding to events.
Embedded Application : An Autonomous Robot or Line Follower BotEr. Raju Bhardwaj
This ppt describe the how to make a "Autonomous Robot" based on "Embedded Application". its also describe how to work on AVR Micro controller and software uses for it in sample and effective way.
we can make at home an autonomous robot or line following robot with the help of this ppt.
Obstacle Avoiding Robot
Robotics is a branch of science that deals with Mechanical, Electrical and Software fields. Robots are the machines that are used in our day-to-day to life to reduce men power and work accurately without any distortions. Robots can be classified into two different sections basing upon their skills as Automated and Manual. Obstacle detector is a Automated robot which itself recognizes the obstacle in its path and moves in free direction. Robot detects the obstacle by using two IR Sensors placed in front.
The IR sensors are placed on left and right side of the robot through which continuous Infrared radiation is emitted for detection of obstacles in the path. These IR Sensors are connected to a controlling element AT89c51 µc. When a obstacle is placed in the path of robot IR beam is reflected to the sensor from the obstacle. On detecting obstacle in the path sensor sends 0 volts to µc. This 0 voltage is detected by Microcontroller which avoids the obstacle by taking left or right turn. Similarly if the sensor sends +5v to Microcontroller, the Microcontroller assumes it as clear path and makes the robot to move in straight.
Two motors namely right motor and left motor are connected to Motor driver IC (L293D). L293D is interface with Microcontroller. Microcontroller sends logic 0 & logic 1 as per the programming to driver IC which makes motors to rotate in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. Wheels attached to the motors rotate accordingly with the motor shaft causing in the moment of the robot by wheels. In front portion of the robot a free wheel is attached to move the robot easily in any direction as per the requirement.
A 12Volts DC battery is attached to the circuit. As the microcontroller and sensors requires only 5v, set of resistors and capacitors are used to supply 5v DC to them. Power Management System is not maintained in the circuit as the battery can be removed after the usage of robot. So it does not cause any loss in the power of battery.
This type of robots has multiple applications in various fields. They can be used to know the strength of the opposite army in defense system. They can be used as floor and wall cleaners. They are used in automated GPS vehicles to calculate the moment of the vehicle overhead. These robots are easy to construct and cheaper in cost with long durability.
robotics and autonomus robots which follows a line.
For those who are intrested in robotics for that it is the best presentation om line follower,
for any query or comments plesase write mail
yashpatel.14,ce@iite.indusuni.ac.in
code is also embeded in the presentation.
it also include the video of the file follower robots run by this given code \
and in robocon
Agricultural Robots or agribot is a robot deployed for agricultural purposes. The main area of application of robots in agriculture is at the harvesting stage. Fruit picking robots, driverless tractor / sprayer, and sheep shearing robots are designed to replace human labor. In most cases, a lot of factors have to be considered (e.g., the size and color of the fruit to be picked) before the commencement of a task. Robots can be used for other horticultural tasks such as pruning, weeding, spraying and monitoring. Robots can also be used in livestock applications (livestock robotics) such as automatic milking, washing and castrating. Robots like these have many benefits for the agricultural industry, including a higher quality of fresh produce, lower production costs, and a smaller need for manual labor.
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.Sathya Sujani
This simple presentation will help you to understand the every aspects of nanotechnology including basic definition and it's practical application in a very simple yet precise manner.
An Experiment with circular saw blade – SPIKE RobotIJERD Editor
Robotics is an art which comprises of technology which deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. This work gives the reader detail information about the Spike Robot that was created with basic wired robotics concept but reserves the capability to perform many actions, possible modifications will surely be going to enhance that capability
Nowadays every system is automated in order to face new challenges. In the present days, Automated systems have less manual operations, flexibility, reliability and accurate. Due to this demand, every field prefers automated control systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are giving good performance in industries and on roads. The mechanical arrangement is arranged to the robot as a robotic car using solar energy. This project handles with two operations. One hand Autonomous, based on sensor application robotic car moves itself by avoiding an obstacle and to move in its paths. It explains the method of interfacing solar panel, relay circuit board, IR sensor to the car and how to send the command to the microcontroller to drive the car autonomously. On the other hand, it controls using BLUETOOTH modem, in order to control the robotic car using BLUETOOTH, the user has to send the predefined messages to the modem. When the modem receives these predefined messages, it intimates the same to the microcontroller. The microcontroller upon receiving the information from the modem acts in accordance with the message, making it a highly automated application.
Design of charging unit for electrical vehicles using solar powerRohit gorantla
the design of charging unit in electrical vehicles using solar power means that the automatic charge of the battery is done by use of solar panel. This gives the brief description of the methodology happened in the entire project.
Home automation or domestics is building automation for a home, called a smart home or smart house. A home automation system will monitor and/or control home attributes such as lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It may also include home security such as access control and alarm systems.
A new service robot designed for cleaning tasks in home environments is introduced. System has three subsystems: electrical, software and mechanical of which micro controller, sensors (opponent and light) and motor are the electrical and mechanical subsystems respectively and the software subsystem is the brain of the robot. The cleaning robot uses a micro controller to detect obstacles and manipulates its direction as per the inputs. It is programmed to accept inputs to sense obstacles around it and control the robot to avoid any collisions. In case of an obstacle, or a potential collision, the micro controller controls the wheels of the robot by a motor driver to avoid collision. The vacuum cleaner at the bottom of the robot performs the cleaning process.
A workshop to introduce everyone to manual robots, autonomous robots and robotic circuits while delving into the world of IoT with fun quiz segments and prizes.
Google Calendar is a versatile tool that allows users to manage their schedules and events effectively. With Google Calendar, you can create and organize calendars, set reminders for important events, and share your calendars with others. It also provides features like creating events, inviting attendees, and accessing your calendar from mobile devices. Additionally, Google Calendar allows you to embed calendars in websites or platforms like SlideShare, making it easier for others to view and interact with your schedules.
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
In this session delivered at Leeds IoT, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
1. A basic guide to a
technical journey……
A COMPILATION COMPRISING OF BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON ROBOTICS..
2. What do we first imagine to hear of
robotics ?
Is it chitti or iron man or some other action hero . It is one which
may talk ,walk , laugh and remind us of one of our favourite
heroes like the Terminator.
Yes they too soon may be there in existence with advancing
technology and researches.
They fascinate us ,climb up to our nerves but it too started with a
small step which we are going to discuss.
Let’s start with the basics of robotics and help you make a real
manually controlled car.
3. What we need ?
How to get started ?
Here is the answer .
As all the electronic components which we come across can be
broadly divided to be made up of a few categories . We are going to
discuss the same.
Before this you need to have a basic knowledge about the small
articles which we are going to use for our endeavor.
Let’s discuss the components and branches you need to emphasize
upon to make by yourself a self controlled car.
4. These are the individual broad fields in
the field of robotics.
LOCOMOTION
Power and locomotion
comprises the mechanical
design (the first steps :P)
POWER
SOURCE
SENSORS
These in company of
control system makes
the user friendly
interface for execution .
CONTROL
SYSTEM
5. PARTS OF MOBILE ROBOT TO
DISCUSS :
POWER SOURCE
LOCOMOTION SYSTEM
RECTIFIER CIRCUIT
SENSORS
H- BRIDGE
COMPARATORS
SWITCHES
ASSEMBLING
6. THE POWER SYSTEM
Without food as none can work same applies to the working live structures
we make.
In India , the main power which is available is 220V at 50 Hz. But most of the
components which are easily available and are used, are designed to have
lesser rating of around 12 V . They are D. C. components .
This problem can be sorted by use of :
1 • A battery of required rating .
2 • An Adapter
3 • A rectifier circuit
7. COMPONENTS TO BE USED.
TRANSFORMER
• Increase voltage of generator’s
output and adjusts voltage to a
usable level.
Transmit high power at low current
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDs
A printed circuit board, or PCB, is
used to mechanically support and
electrically connect electronic
components using conductive
pathways and tracks.
8. ADAPTER
It converts A.C. supply to a D.C. supply
It is used in video games, speaker etc.
It has internal transformer in-built.
SOLDER
This is the binding solution to
electronic components.
It is used to design our own circuit
and bind wires together.
9. RELIMATES
These are wires with special
attachments at the end enabling
easy switching mechanism.
DIODES
These are bidirectional components
meant to act as valves to the
direction of flow current.
10. CAPACITORS
This is a charge storage which
stores electrical energy and
discharges it slowly.
Integrated circuits
These are designed for specific
tasks and may function from
smoothening the pulsating waves
to acting as the fundamental part.
11. SENSORS (the feedback mechanism)
These are the sensory organs of the robots.
With advancing technology and researches robots too possess the power of senses .
VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF SENSORS.
Sensor interfacing:
It’s direct application may be seen in line or wall following robots. They are a
link between us and bots as they act as an interface.
Acts as a trusted safeguard
It is used in fire alarms, parking sensors in vehicles etc.
It is used in Xbox series and is a major component of artificial intelligence in
robotics.
12. 1. Their eyes
As we have eyes robots too have a vision mechanism in which combination of LDR and
LEDs form the most basic system. They even find application in image processing.
Light Dependent Resistors
It’s resistance depends upon the
intensity of light and it’s made of CdS
.
Light Emitting Diodes
This is used to give a visible response
of the bot to the stimuli to the user.
13. 2. LISTENING and SPEAKING
The sound receptors in combination with speaking mechanism is an essential field in
of artificial intelligence. Besides today this is found in almost every mobile. It’s the
speaking animals that imitate us and is used as a fun tool in almost every mobile.
It’s most common use may be seen in speech recognitions sensors in computers and
mobiles.
14. 3. NOSE
The electronic nose was developed in order to mimic human olfaction that
functions as a non- separative mechanism: i.e. an odour / flavor is perceived as a
global fingerprint.
Electronic noses include three major parts: a sample delivery system, a detection
system and a computing system.
And who is going to forget the Google nose though it was a prank.
15. THE LOCOMOTION SYSTEM
In the robotics world we come across a lot new mechanisms meant for
different types of venture. Similarly in locomotion as well a lot new
mechanisms have been invented depending upon our need like the ones in
the upcoming slides.
Basically we’ll be dealing with differential drive which is one of the most
common and simpler driving mechanism.
And at the end , creativity is what
brings in a visually appealing special
touch to it.
16. 1. DIFFERENTIAL
DRIVE
This is the most common
drive used for manually
controlled bots.
It comprises of chasse having
wheels and motor connected
with a control box ( which is
an organized assembly of
switches, wires )
It enables your bot to move
forward , backward ,take left
or right turns and even zero
radius turns.
17. 2. Skid Steer Drive
It is used mostly in tracked
machines e.g. tanks.
The left and right wheels are
driven independently.
Multiple drive wheels on each
side give increased traction.
This effect enables it to have
better control .
Finds application in some
four /six wheeled robots.
18. 3. CAR TYPE
DRIVE
It is characterized by a pair of
driving wheels and a separate
pair of steering wheels.
The turning mechanism must be
accurately controlled .
He system is Non- Holonomic
hence path planning is extremely
difficult as well as in accurate
There is no direct directional
actuator.
19. 4. ARTICULATED
DRIVE
An articulated robot is one
which uses rotary joints to
access its work space.
Usually the joints are
arranged in a “chain”, so that
one joint supports another
further in the chain.
These are in great use in
industrial robots from steel
industries to bakeries.
20. 5. PIVOT DRIVE
It is composed of a four
wheeled chassis and a platform
that can be raised or lowered .
The wheels are driven by a
motor for translation motion in
a straight line
For rotation one motor is
needed to lower/raise
the platform & another to
rotate the chassis around
the platform
This system can guarantee
perfect straight line motion as
well as accurate in – place
turns to a desired heading
21. 6. SYNCRONOUS
DRIVE
These function same as
they sound . This is an
assembly of drive belts,
steer belts, steering and
driving motors.
These together work in a
synchronous manner to
enable movement in
desired direction.
This is quite a complex
system.
22. 7. DUAL
DIFFERENTIAL
DRIVE
We use two differentials
because the excess force
from one differential
automatically feeds into the
2nd diff, and therefore we
have a mechanical guarantee
of straight-line motion.
These are used in making
stronger robots which may
work well even on rough
terrains.
23. THE H-BRIDGE
An H bridge is an electronic
circuit that enables a voltage
to be applied across a load in
either direction.
These circuits are often used
in robotics and other
applications to allow DC
motors to run forwards and
backwards.
H bridges are available
as integrated circuits, or can
be built from discrete
components
24. COMPARATORS
These are not sensors.
These are meant for analog
to digital conversion.
It is the main component
which makes the input data
as sensed by the bot be
electrically judged.
They are available in
different models based on the
need.
These find wide applications
in embedded system of
robotics.
25. THE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT
Rectifiers are combination of
diodes ,capacitors, ICs ,
transformer in such a way that
it may convert A.C. current
into D.C. .
It works as one way valve
allowing current to pass
through only one direction.
The output wave form is a
pulsating dc wave which after
passing through capacitors
and ICs turn into a usable D.C.
source.
26. Components needed
1 PCB
4 x diodes
1 x 1000μF Electrolytic
Capacitor 25 V
1 x IC7812
Soldering rod and wire
2 pin Relimates
Transformer 12V
Plug connected to a long
strand of wire
Single/ Multi stranded wire
2 x 12V D.C. motors of 100rpm
2 x normal wheels
1x caster wheel
27. SWITCHES
As clear from the name it’s the
key which turns our bot to
power.
It even facilates us to have
multiple controlling methods.
Here to make a differential drive
we need a two way switch with
the following arrangement of
wire.
This gives us a two way control
The middle parts are connected
to power source.
While the wires coming from the
ends are connected to the motors
as shown in the figure.
28. ASSEMBLING THE DIFFERENT PARTS.
Once the rectifier circuit is made
and the switch is connected to the
motors , we can see the model
working but we need a strong
framework or chasse.
The chasse comprises of a solid
base of wood or metal having the
motors and wheels placed in
position.
You may use a caster wheel in front
to balance it.
Once done we may switch on the
power supply and see our mobile
manually controlled differential
drive working.
30. CONCLUSION
This is just the starting. A new era is waiting for us
though the exposure is quite less we may see the impact which they have
made upon us . Robotics has a global platform in world level
competitions as well like Robosoccer and FIRA . You may find them in
almost every field and soon it will be an integral part of life.
Have fun with
your differential
drives :D